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Yang S, Sun J, Wang C, Li S, Li Z, Luo W, Wei G, Chen W. Residue quality drives SOC sequestration by altering microbial taxonomic composition and ecophysiological function in desert ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118518. [PMID: 38382662 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Plant residues are important sources of soil organic carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. The degradation of plant residue by microbes can influence the soil carbon cycle and sequestration. However, little is known about the microbial composition and function, as well as the accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) in response to the inputs of different quality plant residues in the desert environment. The present study evaluated the effects of plant residue addition from Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (Pi), Artemisia desertorum (Ar) and Amorpha fruticosa (Am) on desert soil microbial community composition and function in a field experiment in the Mu Us Desert. The results showed that the addition of the three plant residues with different C/N ratios induced significant variation in soil microbial communities. The Am treatment (low C/N ratio) improved microbial diversity compared with the Ar and Pi treatments (medium and high C/N ratios). The variations in the taxonomic and functional compositions of the dominant phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were higher than those of the other phyla among the different treatments. Moreover, the network links between Proteobacteria and other phyla and the CAZyme genes abundances from Proteobacteria increased with increasing residue C/N, whereas those decreased for Actinobacteria. The SOC content of the Am, Ar and Pi treatments increased by 45.73%, 66.54% and 107.99%, respectively, as compared to the original soil. The net SOC accumulation was positively correlated with Proteobacteria abundance and negatively correlated with Actinobacteria abundance. These findings showed that changing the initial quality of plant residue from low C/N to high C/N can result in shifts in taxonomic and functional composition from Actinobacteria to Proteobacteria, which favors SOC accumulation. This study elucidates the ecophysiological roles of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in the desert carbon cycle, expands our understanding of the potential microbial-mediated mechanisms by which plant residue inputs affect SOC sequestration in desert soils, and provides valuable guidance for species selection in desert vegetation reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jieyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zubing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China.
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Martin P, Annette R, Ilona L. Disentangling the mixed effects of soil management on microbial diversity and soil functions: A case study in vineyards. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3568. [PMID: 36864059 PMCID: PMC9981623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Promoting soil functioning by maintaining soil microbial diversity and activity is central for sustainable agriculture. In viticulture, soil management often includes tillage, which poses a multifaceted disturbance to the soil environment and has direct and indirect effects on soil microbial diversity and soil functioning. However, the challenge of disentangling the effects of different soil management practices on soil microbial diversity and functioning has rarely been addressed. In this study, we investigated the effects of soil management on soil bacterial and fungal diversity as well as soil functions (soil respiration and decomposition) using a balanced experimental design with four soil management types in nine vineyards in Germany. Application of structural equation modelling enabled us to investigate the causal relationships of soil disturbance, vegetation cover, and plant richness on soil properties, microbial diversity, and soil functions. We could show that soil disturbance by tillage increased bacterial diversity but decreased fungal diversity. We identified a positive effect of plant diversity on bacterial diversity. Soil respiration showed a positive response to soil disturbance, while decomposition was negatively affected in highly disturbed soils via mediated effects of vegetation removal. Our results contribute to the understanding of direct and indirect effects of vineyard soil management on soil life and aids designing targeted recommendations for agricultural soil management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingel Martin
- Department of Applied Ecology, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany.
| | - Reineke Annette
- Department of Crop Protection, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Leyer Ilona
- Department of Applied Ecology, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
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Land-use change alters the bacterial community structure, but not forest management. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 68:277-290. [PMID: 36273059 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-01009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Deforestation has a large impact on soil fertility, especially on steep slopes, but by applying sustainable management practices, local communities in Oaxaca (Mexico) have tried to avoid the most negative effects on the forest ecosystems they manage. In this study, the characteristics and bacterial community structure were investigated from soil sampled in triplicate (n = 3) with different land use, i.e., arable, natural forest, sustainable managed, and reforested soil. The pH was significantly higher in the arable (6.2) than in the forest soils (≤ 5.3), while the organic matter was > 2 times higher in the natural forest (80.4 g/kg) and sustainable managed soil (86.3 g/kg) than in the arable (36.8 g/kg) and cleared and reforested soil (39.3 g/kg). The higher organic matter content in the first two soils was due to leaf litter, absent in the other soils. The species richness (q = 0), the typical (q = 1) and dominant bacteria (q = 2) were not affected significantly by land use. The beta diversity, however, showed a significant effect of land use on species richness (p = 0.0029). Proteobacteria (40.135%) and Actinobacteria (20.15%) were the dominant bacterial phyla, and Halomonas (14.50%) and the Verrucomicrobia DA101 (3.39%) were the dominant genera. The bacterial communities were highly significantly different in soil with different land use considering the taxonomic level of genus and OTUs (p ≤ 0.003). It was found that the sustainable managed forest provided the local community with sellable wood while maintaining the soil organic matter content, i.e., sequestered C and without altering the bacterial community structure.
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Shinde R, Shahi DK, Mahapatra P, Naik SK, Thombare N, Singh AK. Potential of lignocellulose degrading microorganisms for agricultural residue decomposition in soil: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115843. [PMID: 36056484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic crop residues (LCCRs) hold a significant share of the terrestrial biomass, estimated at 5 billion Mg per annum globally. A massive amount of these LCCRs are burnt in many countries resulting in immense environmental pollution; hence, its proper disposal in a cost-effective and eco-friendly manner is a significant challenge. Among the different options for management of LCCRs, the use of lignocellulose degrading microorganisms (LCDMOs), like fungi and bacteria, has emerged as an eco-friendly and effective way for its on-site disposal. LCDMOs achieve degradation through various mechanisms, including multiple supportive enzymes, causing oxidative attacks by which recalcitrance of lignocellulose material is reduced, paving the way to further activity by depolymerizing enzymes. This improves the physical properties of soil, recycles plant nutrients, promotes plant growth and thus helps improve productivity. Rapid and proper microbial degradation may be achieved through the correct combination of the LCDMOs, supplementing nutrients and controlling different factors affecting microbial activity in the field. The review is a critical discussion of previous studies revealing the potential of individuals or a set of LCDMOs, factors controlling the rate of degradation and the key researchable areas for better understanding of the role of these decomposers for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Shinde
- ICAR- Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi, 834010, Jharkhand, India.
| | | | | | - Sushanta Kumar Naik
- ICAR- Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi, 834010, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nandkishore Thombare
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Natural Resin and Gums, Ranchi, 834010, Jharkhand, India
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- ICAR- Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi, 834010, Jharkhand, India
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Hoeffner K, Beylich A, Chabbi A, Cluzeau D, Dascalu D, Graefe U, Guzmán G, Hallaire V, Hanisch J, Landa BB, Linsler D, Menasseri S, Öpik M, Potthoff M, Sandor M, Scheu S, Schmelz RM, Engell I, Schrader S, Vahter T, Banse M, Nicolaï A, Plaas E, Runge T, Roslin T, Decau ML, Sepp SK, Arias-Giraldo LF, Busnot S, Roucaute M, Pérès G. Legacy effects of temporary grassland in annual crop rotation on soil ecosystem services. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146140. [PMID: 34030316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of temporary grassland into an annual crop rotation is recognized to improve soil ecosystem services, and resulting legacies can be beneficial for the following crops. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate legacy effects of introducing temporary grassland into an annual crop rotation on five ecosystem services (i) soil structure maintenance (aggregate stability), (ii) water regulation (saturated hydraulic conductivity), (iii) biodiversity conservation (microbial biomass and microbial metabolic activity, as well as microorganism, enchytraeid, springtail and earthworm communities), (iv) pathogen regulation (soil suppressiveness to Verticillium dahliae), and (v) forage production and quality. Three crop rotation schemes, maintained for twelve years, were compared in four random blocks, one being an annual crop rotation without grassland (0%), another with a medium percentage of grassland (50%, corresponding to 3 years of continuous grassland in the crop rotation), and a third one with a high percentage of grassland in the crop rotation (75%, corresponding to 6 years of continuous grassland in the crop rotation). The results showed that the grassland introduction into an annual crop rotation improved, whatever the duration of the grassland, soil structure maintenance and biodiversity conservation, while it decreased pathogen regulation and did not modify water regulation. Comparing the two crop rotations that included grassland, indicated a stronger beneficial grassland legacy effect for the higher proportion of grassland concerning soil structure maintenance and biodiversity conservation. By contrast, water regulation, pathogen regulation and forage production were not affected by the legacy of the 75% grassland during the rotation. Overall, our findings demonstrated the extent to which grassland legacies are affecting the current state of soil properties and possible ecosystem services provided. To improve ecosystem services, soil management should take legacy effects into account and consider longer timeframes to apply beneficial practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hoeffner
- UMR SAS, INRAE, INSTITUT AGRO AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 35000 Rennes, France; University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)], - UMR 6553, Rennes, France.
| | - Anneke Beylich
- IFAB Institut für Angewandte Bodenbiologie GmbH, 22337 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Abad Chabbi
- INRAE, UR P3F, Centre Poitou-Charentes, Lusignan, France; UMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Daniel Cluzeau
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)], - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Dumitrita Dascalu
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ulfert Graefe
- IFAB Institut für Angewandte Bodenbiologie GmbH, 22337 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gema Guzmán
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Vincent Hallaire
- UMR SAS, INRAE, INSTITUT AGRO AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jörg Hanisch
- University of Göttingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Blanca B Landa
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Deborah Linsler
- University of Göttingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Safya Menasseri
- UMR SAS, INRAE, INSTITUT AGRO AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Lai 40, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Potthoff
- University of Göttingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mignon Sandor
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefan Scheu
- University of Göttingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger M Schmelz
- IFAB Institut für Angewandte Bodenbiologie GmbH, 22337 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilka Engell
- University of Göttingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schrader
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Institute of Biodiversity, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tanel Vahter
- Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Lai 40, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Banse
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Institute of Market Analysis, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Annegret Nicolaï
- UMR SAS, INRAE, INSTITUT AGRO AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 35000 Rennes, France; University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)], - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Elke Plaas
- University of Göttingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; University of Göttingen, Department for Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tania Runge
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Institute of Market Analysis, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Siim-Kaarel Sepp
- Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Lai 40, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Sylvain Busnot
- UMR SAS, INRAE, INSTITUT AGRO AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marc Roucaute
- UMR SAS, INRAE, INSTITUT AGRO AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Guénola Pérès
- UMR SAS, INRAE, INSTITUT AGRO AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 35000 Rennes, France
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Carrias JF, Gerphagnon M, Rodríguez-Pérez H, Borrel G, Loiseau C, Corbara B, Céréghino R, Mary I, Leroy C. Resource availability drives bacterial succession during leaf-litter decomposition in a bromeliad ecosystem. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5807077. [PMID: 32175561 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing number of investigations on microbial succession during the last decade, most of our knowledge on primary succession of bacteria in natural environments comes from conceptual models and/or studies of chronosequences. Successional patterns of litter-degrading bacteria remain poorly documented, especially in undisturbed environments. Here we conducted an experiment with tank bromeliads as natural freshwater microcosms to assess major trends in bacterial succession on two leaf-litter species incubated with or without animal exclusion. We used amplicon sequencing and a co-occurrence network to assess changes in bacterial community structure according to treatments. Alpha-diversity and community complexity displayed the same trends regardless of the treatments, highlighting that primary succession of detrital-bacteria is subject to resource limitation and biological interactions, much like macro-organisms. Shifts in bacterial assemblages along the succession were characterized by an increase in uncharacterized taxa and potential N-fixing bacteria, the latter being involved in positive co-occurrence between taxa. These findings support the hypothesis of interdependence between taxa as a significant niche-based process shaping bacterial communities during the advanced stage of succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Carrias
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE (Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement), F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélanie Gerphagnon
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE (Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement), F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Héctor Rodríguez-Pérez
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
| | - Guillaume Borrel
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Microbiology, Unité de Biologie Évolutive de la Cellule Microbienne, Paris, France
| | - Camille Loiseau
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE (Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement), F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Corbara
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE (Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement), F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Régis Céréghino
- Ecolab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Mary
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE (Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement), F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Leroy
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France.,AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Obermeier MM, Gnädinger F, Durai Raj AC, Obermeier WA, Schmid CAO, Balàzs H, Schröder P. Under temperate climate, the conversion of grassland to arable land affects soil nutrient stocks and bacteria in a short term. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:135494. [PMID: 31761356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Projected population growth and climate change will make it inevitable to convert neglected and marginal land into productive arable land. We investigate the influence of agricultural management practices on nutrient stocks and soil functions during the conversion of former extensively used grassland to arable land. Effects of grassland removal, tillage, intercropping with faba bean (Vicia faba) and its later incorporation were studied with respect to soil properties and bacterial community structure. Therefore, composite samples were collected with a core sampler from the topsoil (0-20 cm) in (a) the initial grassland, (b) the transitional phase during the vegetation period of V. faba, (c) after ploughing the legume in, and (d) untreated controls. In all samples, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total nitrogen bound (TNb) were analyzed and comparisons of the bacterial community structure after 16S-amplicon sequencing were performed to assess soil functions. Mineralization after grassland conversion followed by the biological nitrogen fixation of broad beans enhanced the nitrate-N content in bulk soil from 4 to almost 50 μg N g-1dw. Bacterial community structure on phylum level in bulk soil was dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes and remained almost stable. However, alpha and beta-diversity analysis revealed a change of the bacterial composition at the final state of the conversion. This change was primarily driven by increasing abundances of the genera Massilia and Lysobacter, both members of the Proteobacteria, after the decay of the leguminous plant residues. Furthermore, increasing abundances of the family Gaiellaceae and its genus Gaiella fostered this change and were related to the decreasing carbon to nitrogen ratio. In short, gentle management strategies could replace the input of mineral fertilizer with the aim to contribute to future sustainable and intensified production even on converted grassland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Obermeier
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Friederike Gnädinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Abilash C Durai Raj
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Obermeier
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Research and Teaching Unit for Physical Geography and Land Use Systems, Luisenstraße 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Christoph A O Schmid
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helga Balàzs
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schröder
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Zhou B, Duan J, Xue L, Zhang J, Yang L. Effect of plant-based carbon source supplements on denitrification of synthetic wastewater: focus on the microbiology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:24683-24694. [PMID: 31240662 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of plant-based carbon source addition on wastewater NO3--N removal and the involved microorganisms, especially denitrifying bacteria, were investigated. A synthetic wastewater (NO3--N, 15 mg/L) was treated through the batch experiment, which included three inoculation cycles (7 days/cycle), and was conducted at 25 °C. Four natural plant substrates, namely, rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), ryegrass (RG), and reed (RD), were used as carbon sources and supplemented at the rate of 1% (w/v). The results showed that both RS and WS performed well in promoting NO3--N removal (79.55-97.07%). While RG removed only 22.08% of NO3--N in the first cycle, the removal efficiency increased afterward (86.09-95.82%). Conversely, the NO3--N removal rate of RD decreased from 95.10 to 24.77% as a result of its low ability to supply carbon. With respect to the microorganisms, the RS treatment resulted in more bacteria and denitrifying genes such as narG, nirK, nirS, and norB than other treatments, while the highest number of nosZ gene copies was recorded in the WS treatment. Sequencing results revealed that Firmicutes (18.19-56.96%), Proteobacteria (38.82-74.80%), and Bacteroidetes (3.15-4.15%) were three dominant bacterial phyla for RS, WS, and RD treatments. Furthermore, the genera Enterobacter, Massilia, and Bacillus were the main denitrifying bacteria participating in the NO3--N removal. Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated that the denitrifying genus Sphingobacterium played an important role in enhancing nitrogen removal. This study suggested that RS is the superior plant-based carbon source for denitrifying bioreactors used in agricultural runoff treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lihong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Linzhang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Kerdraon L, Balesdent MH, Barret M, Laval V, Suffert F. Crop Residues in Wheat-Oilseed Rape Rotation System: a Pivotal, Shifting Platform for Microbial Meetings. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 77:931-945. [PMID: 30834960 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Crop residues are a crucial ecological niche with a major biological impact on agricultural ecosystems. In this study, we used a combined diachronic and synchronic field experiment based on wheat-oilseed rape rotations to test the hypothesis that plant is a structuring factor of microbial communities in crop residues, and that this effect decreases over time with their likely progressive degradation and colonisation by other microorganisms. We characterised an entire fungal and bacterial community associated with 150 wheat and oilseed rape residue samples at a plurennial scale by metabarcoding. The impact of plant species on the residue microbiota decreased over time and our data revealed turnover, with the replacement of oligotrophs, often plant-specific genera (such as pathogens) by copiotrophs, belonging to more generalist genera. Within a single cropping season, the plant-specific genera and species were gradually replaced by taxa that are likely to originate from the soil. These changes occurred more rapidly for bacteria than for fungi, known to degrade complex compounds. Overall, our findings suggest that crop residues constitute a key fully-fledged microbial ecosystem. Taking into account this ecosystem, that has been neglected for too long, is essential, not only to improve the quantitative management of residues, the presence of which can be detrimental to crop health, but also to identify groups of beneficial microorganisms. Our findings are of particular importance, because the wheat-oilseed rape rotation, in which no-till practices are frequent, is particularly widespread in the European arable cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Kerdraon
- UMR BIOGER, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Balesdent
- UMR BIOGER, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Matthieu Barret
- UMR IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université d'Angers, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Valérie Laval
- UMR BIOGER, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
| | - Frédéric Suffert
- UMR BIOGER, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
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10
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Response of Organic Matter Decomposition to No-Tillage Adoption Evaluated by the Tea Bag Technique. SOIL SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems2030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organic matter (OM) decomposition is a fundamental ecosystem service in conservation agriculture, but the response of this process to the conversion from conventional tillage (CT) to no-tillage (NT) systems is not fully understood, especially during the transition period. Here, using a litterbag experiment (tea bag technique), we studied OM decomposition in a chronosequence of NT fields of different ages since conversion from CT (1 to 7 years) around Beauvais (northern France). We found that, in contrast with physico-chemical soil properties, the decomposition of both high quality (green tea) and low quality (rooibos tea) organic matter was significantly correlated with the NT age. Irrespective of the OM quality, the OM mass losses linearly increased with the time span since conversion from CT to NT. Taken together, our results suggest that adopting NT practices provides more favorable habitats for microorganisms involved in OM decomposition.
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11
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Luo C, Deng Y, Inubushi K, Liang J, Zhu S, Wei Z, Guo X, Luo X. Sludge Biochar Amendment and Alfalfa Revegetation Improve Soil Physicochemical Properties and Increase Diversity of Soil Microbes in Soils from a Rare Earth Element Mining Wasteland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15050965. [PMID: 29751652 PMCID: PMC5982004 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Long-term unregulated mining of ion-adsorption clays (IAC) in China has resulted in severe ecological destruction and created large areas of wasteland in dire need of rehabilitation. Soil amendment and revegetation are two important means of rehabilitation of IAC mining wasteland. In this study, we used sludge biochar prepared by pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge as a soil ameliorant, selected alfalfa as a revegetation plant, and conducted pot trials in a climate-controlled chamber. We investigated the effects of alfalfa revegetation, sludge biochar amendment, and their combined amendment on soil physicochemical properties in soil from an IAC mining wasteland as well as the impact of sludge biochar on plant growth. At the same time, we also assessed the impacts of these amendments on the soil microbial community by means of the Illumina Miseq sequences method. Results showed that alfalfa revegetation and sludge biochar both improved soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure. When alfalfa revegetation and sludge biochar amendment were combined, we detected additive effects on the improvement of soil physicochemical properties as well as increases in the richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities. Redundancy analyses suggested that alfalfa revegetation and sludge biochar amendment significantly affected soil microbial community structure. Critical environmental factors consisted of soil available K, pH, organic matter, carbon⁻nitrogen ratio, bulk density, and total porosity. Sludge biochar amendment significantly promoted the growth of alfalfa and changed its root morphology. Combining alfalfa the revegetation with sludge biochar amendment may serve to not only achieve the revegetation of IAC mining wasteland, but also address the challenge of municipal sludge disposal by making the waste profitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigui Luo
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Ionic Rare Earth, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Yangwu Deng
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Ionic Rare Earth, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Kazuyuki Inubushi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 2718510, Japan.
| | - Jian Liang
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Sipin Zhu
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Zhenya Wei
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Xiaobin Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Ionic Rare Earth, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Xianping Luo
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Ionic Rare Earth, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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12
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Leplat J, Heraud C, Gautheron E, Mangin P, Falchetto L, Steinberg C. Colonization dynamic of various crop residues by Fusarium graminearum monitored through real-time PCR measurements. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:1394-1405. [PMID: 27541831 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effect of the type of crop residues on the colonization dynamic of Fusarium graminearum in soil. METHODS AND RESULTS The ability of F. graminearum to survive in the presence of various crop residues was assessed on Petri dishes and in microcosms. These microcosms comprised soil that had or had not been previously disinfested with or without amendment with various crop residues. The colonization dynamic of F. graminearum was monitored through real-time PCR. Fusarium graminearum development was higher in disinfested soil than in non-disinfested one. The fungal growth was enhanced to various extents according to the type of crop residues, except for mustard residues which inhibited it. The biochemical and physical properties of the residues were likely to account for the differences in the survival of F. graminearum. CONCLUSIONS Fusarium graminearum is a poor competitor in soil but it can use maize, wheat, and rape residues to ensure its survival. Conversely alfalfa, which is assimilated by micro-organisms very easily, avoids long-lasting survival of the fungus. And finally, mustard producing glucosinolates could be used as an intermediate crop to reduce the inoculum amount. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study is contributing to the knowledge about F. graminearum saprotophic abilities and proposes interesting paths to limit its survival in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Leplat
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - C Heraud
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - E Gautheron
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - P Mangin
- Experimental Unit of Epoisses, INRA Dijon, F-21110, Bretenières, France
| | - L Falchetto
- Experimental Unit of Epoisses, INRA Dijon, F-21110, Bretenières, France
| | - C Steinberg
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
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13
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Louis BP, Maron PA, Viaud V, Leterme P, Menasseri-Aubry S. Soil C and N models that integrate microbial diversity. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2016; 14:331-344. [PMID: 27642273 PMCID: PMC5011482 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-016-0571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Industrial agriculture is yearly responsible for the loss of 55-100 Pg of historical soil carbon and 9.9 Tg of reactive nitrogen worldwide. Therefore, management practices should be adapted to preserve ecological processes and reduce inputs and environmental impacts. In particular, the management of soil organic matter (SOM) is a key factor influencing C and N cycles. Soil microorganisms play a central role in SOM dynamics. For instance, microbial diversity may explain up to 77 % of carbon mineralisation activities. However, soil microbial diversity is actually rarely taken into account in models of C and N dynamics. Here, we review the influence of microbial diversity on C and N dynamics, and the integration of microbial diversity in soil C and N models. We found that a gain of microbial richness and evenness enhances soil C and N dynamics on the average, though the improvement of C and N dynamics depends on the composition of microbial community. We reviewed 50 models integrating soil microbial diversity. More than 90 % of models integrate microbial diversity with discrete compartments representing conceptual functional groups (64 %) or identified taxonomic groups interacting in a food web (28 %). Half of the models have not been tested against an empirical dataset while the other half mainly consider fixed parameters. This is due to the difficulty to link taxonomic and functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Louis
- UMR 1069 SAS, Agrocampus-Ouest, 65, Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- UMR 1069 SAS, INRA, 65, Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Alain Maron
- INRA, AgroSup Dijon, UMR 1347 Agroecology, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, UMR Agroécologie 17, Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Viaud
- UMR 1069 SAS, INRA, 65, Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Leterme
- UMR 1069 SAS, Agrocampus-Ouest, 65, Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- UMR 1069 SAS, INRA, 65, Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Safya Menasseri-Aubry
- UMR 1069 SAS, Agrocampus-Ouest, 65, Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- UMR 1069 SAS, INRA, 65, Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France
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14
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Tardy V, Chabbi A, Charrier X, de Berranger C, Reignier T, Dequiedt S, Faivre-Primot C, Terrat S, Ranjard L, Maron PA. Land Use History Shifts In Situ Fungal and Bacterial Successions following Wheat Straw Input into the Soil. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130672. [PMID: 26102585 PMCID: PMC4478037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil microbial communities undergo rapid shifts following modifications in environmental conditions. Although microbial diversity changes may alter soil functioning, the in situ temporal dynamics of microbial diversity is poorly documented. Here, we investigated the response of fungal and bacterial diversity to wheat straw input in a 12-months field experiment and explored whether this response depended on the soil management history (grassland vs. cropland). Seasonal climatic fluctuations had no effect on the diversity of soil communities. Contrastingly fungi and bacteria responded strongly to wheat regardless of the soil history. After straw incorporation, diversity decreased due to the temporary dominance of a subset of copiotrophic populations. While fungi responded as quickly as bacteria, the resilience of fungal diversity lasted much longer, indicating that the relative involvement of each community might change as decomposition progressed. Soil history did not affect the response patterns, but determined the identity of some of the populations stimulated. Most strikingly, the bacteria Burkholderia, Lysobacter and fungi Rhizopus, Fusarium were selectively stimulated. Given the ecological importance of these microbial groups as decomposers and/or plant pathogens, such regulation of the composition of microbial successions by soil history may have important consequences in terms of soil carbon turnover and crop health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abad Chabbi
- Centre de recherche Poitou-Charentes, INRA, Lusignan, France
| | - Xavier Charrier
- Centre de recherche Poitou-Charentes, INRA, Lusignan, France
| | | | | | - Samuel Dequiedt
- INRA, Plateforme GenoSol, UMR1347 Agroecology, Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Lionel Ranjard
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroecology, Dijon, France
- INRA, Plateforme GenoSol, UMR1347 Agroecology, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Alain Maron
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroecology, Dijon, France
- INRA, Plateforme GenoSol, UMR1347 Agroecology, Dijon, France
- * E-mail:
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15
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Pascault N, Ranjard L, Kaisermann A, Bachar D, Christen R, Terrat S, Mathieu O, Lévêque J, Mougel C, Henault C, Lemanceau P, Péan M, Boiry S, Fontaine S, Maron PA. Stimulation of Different Functional Groups of Bacteria by Various Plant Residues as a Driver of Soil Priming Effect. Ecosystems 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-013-9650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Ofek M, Hadar Y, Minz D. Ecology of root colonizing Massilia (Oxalobacteraceae). PLoS One 2012; 7:e40117. [PMID: 22808103 PMCID: PMC3394795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecologically meaningful classification of bacterial populations is essential for understanding the structure and function of bacterial communities. As in soils, the ecological strategy of the majority of root-colonizing bacteria is mostly unknown. Among those are Massilia (Oxalobacteraceae), a major group of rhizosphere and root colonizing bacteria of many plant species. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The ecology of Massilia was explored in cucumber root and seed, and compared to that of Agrobacterium population, using culture-independent tools, including DNA-based pyrosequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR. Seed- and root-colonizing Massilia were primarily affiliated with other members of the genus described in soil and rhizosphere. Massilia colonized and proliferated on the seed coat, radicle, roots, and also on hyphae of phytopathogenic Pythium aphanidermatum infecting seeds. High variation in Massilia abundance was found in relation to plant developmental stage, along with sensitivity to plant growth medium modification (amendment with organic matter) and potential competitors. Massilia absolute abundance and relative abundance (dominance) were positively related, and peaked (up to 85%) at early stages of succession of the root microbiome. In comparison, variation in abundance of Agrobacterium was moderate and their dominance increased at later stages of succession. CONCLUSIONS In accordance with contemporary models for microbial ecology classification, copiotrophic and competition-sensitive root colonization by Massilia is suggested. These bacteria exploit, in a transient way, a window of opportunity within the succession of communities within this niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ofek
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Hadar
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dror Minz
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
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17
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Schreck E, Foucault Y, Sarret G, Sobanska S, Cécillon L, Castrec-Rouelle M, Uzu G, Dumat C. Metal and metalloid foliar uptake by various plant species exposed to atmospheric industrial fallout: mechanisms involved for lead. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 427-428:253-62. [PMID: 22560244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fine and ultrafine metallic particulate matters (PMs) are emitted from metallurgic activities in peri-urban zones into the atmosphere and can be deposited in terrestrial ecosystems. The foliar transfer of metals and metalloids and their fate in plant leaves remain unclear, although this way of penetration may be a major contributor to the transfer of metals into plants. This study focused on the foliar uptake of various metals and metalloids from enriched PM (Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, Sb, As, and especially lead (Pb)) resulting from the emissions of a battery-recycling factory. Metal and metalloid foliar uptake by various vegetable species, exhibiting different morphologies, use (food or fodder) and life-cycle (lettuce, parsley and rye-grass) were studied. The mechanisms involved in foliar metal transfer from atmospheric particulate matter fallout, using lead (Pb) as a model element was also investigated. Several complementary techniques (micro-X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry) were used to investigate the localization and the speciation of lead in their edible parts, i.e. leaves. The results showed lead-enriched PM on the surface of plant leaves. Biogeochemical transformations occurred on the leaf surfaces with the formation of lead secondary species (PbCO(3) and organic Pb). Some compounds were internalized in their primary form (PbSO(4)) underneath an organic layer. Internalization through the cuticle or penetration through stomata openings are proposed as two major mechanisms involved in foliar uptake of particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schreck
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
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18
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Murase J, Shibata M, Lee CG, Watanabe T, Asakawa S, Kimura M. Incorporation of plant residue-derived carbon into the microeukaryotic community in a rice field soil revealed by DNA stable-isotope probing. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011; 79:371-9. [PMID: 22092599 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial decomposition of plant residue is a central part of the carbon cycle in soil ecosystems. Here, we explored the microeukaryotic community responsible for the uptake of plant residue carbon in a rice field soil through DNA-based stable-isotope probing (SIP) using dried rice callus labelled with (13) C as a model substrate. Molecular fingerprinting with PCR-DGGE showed that the total eukaryotic community in soil under drained (upland) conditions distinctly changed within 3 days after the callus was applied and stable thereafter. The predominant group of eukaryotes that incorporated callus carbon were fungi affiliated with the Mucoromycotina (Mortierella), Ascomycota (Galactomyces, Eleutherascus, Gibberella and Fusarium) and Zoopagomycotina (Syncephalis). 'Fungus-like' protists such as Pythium (stramenopiles) and Polymyxa (Cercozoa) were also involved in carbon flow from the callus. Some of these fungi and 'fungus-like' protists took up soil organic matter with time, which suggested a priming effect of the callus on the eukaryotic community. Our results demonstrated the usefulness of SIP not only to trace the carbon flow from fresh organic matter but also to study the effect of fresh organic matter on the utilization of soil organic matter by the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Murase
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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19
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Schmidt MWI, Torn MS, Abiven S, Dittmar T, Guggenberger G, Janssens IA, Kleber M, Kögel-Knabner I, Lehmann J, Manning DAC, Nannipieri P, Rasse DP, Weiner S, Trumbore SE. Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property. Nature 2011; 478:49-56. [PMID: 21979045 DOI: 10.1038/nature10386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1276] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Role of plant residues in determining temporal patterns of the activity, size, and structure of nitrate reducer communities in soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:7136-43. [PMID: 20833788 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01497-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of plant residues into soil not only represents an opportunity to limit soil organic matter depletion resulting from cultivation but also provides a valuable source of nutrients such as nitrogen. However, the consequences of plant residue addition on soil microbial communities involved in biochemical cycles other than the carbon cycle are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the responses of one N-cycling microbial community, the nitrate reducers, to wheat, rape, and alfalfa residues for 11 months after incorporation into soil in a field experiment. A 20- to 27-fold increase in potential nitrate reduction activity was observed for residue-amended plots compared to the nonamended plots during the first week. This stimulating effect of residues on the activity of the nitrate-reducing community rapidly decreased but remained significant over 11 months. During this period, our results suggest that the potential nitrate reduction activity was regulated by both carbon availability and temperature. The presence of residues also had a significant effect on the abundance of nitrate reducers estimated by quantitative PCR of the narG and napA genes, encoding the membrane-bound and periplasmic nitrate reductases, respectively. In contrast, the incorporation of the plant residues into soil had little impact on the structure of the narG and napA nitrate-reducing community determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) fingerprinting. Overall, our results revealed that the addition of plant residues can lead to important long-term changes in the activity and size of a microbial community involved in N cycling but with limited effects of the type of plant residue itself.
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