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Sun S, Liu C, Zhang Y, Yue Y, Sun S, Bai Y, Zhang P, Ravanbakhsh M, Dini-Andreote F, Li R, Zhang Z, Jousset A, Shen Q, A Kowalchuk G, Xiong W. Divergent impacts of fertilization regimes on below-ground prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities in the Tibetan Plateau. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 364:121379. [PMID: 38870787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Chemical nutrient amendment by human activities can lead to environmental impacts contributing to global biodiversity loss. However, the comprehensive understanding of how below- and above-ground biodiversity shifts under fertilization regimes in natural ecosystems remains elusive. Here, we conducted a seven-year field experiment (2011-2017) and examined the effects of different fertilization on plant biodiversity and soil belowground (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) communities in the alpine meadow of the Tibetan Plateau, based on data collected in 2017. Our results indicate that nitrogen addition promoted total plant biomass but reduced the plant species richness. Conversely, phosphorus enrichment did not promote plant biomass and exhibited an unimodal pattern with plant richness. In the belowground realm, distinct responses of soil prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities were observed under fertilizer application. Specifically, soil prokaryotic diversity decreased with nitrogen enrichment, correlating with shifts in soil pH. Similarly, soil eukaryotic diversity decreased with increased phosphorous inputs, aligning with the equilibrium between soil available and total phosphorus. We also established connections between these soil organism communities with above-ground plant richness and biomass. Overall, our study contributes to a better understanding of the sustainable impacts of human-induced nutrient enrichment on the natural environment. Future research should delve deeper into the long-term effects of fertilization on soil health and ecosystem functioning, aiming to achieve a balance between agricultural productivity and environmental conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yang Yue
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Mohammadhossein Ravanbakhsh
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Department of Plant Science & Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The One Health Microbiome Center, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Alexandre Jousset
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - George A Kowalchuk
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wu Xiong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Z, Li M, Zhang S, Qin Y, Zhao J, Li Y, Stephenson SL, Qiu J, Liu P. Diversity of Cellular Slime Molds (Dictyostelids) in the Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve and Geographical Distribution Comparisons with Other Representative Nature Reserves in Different Climate Zones of China. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1061. [PMID: 38930443 PMCID: PMC11206006 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Protected areas are widely considered an essential strategy for biodiversity conservation. Dictyostelids are unique protists known to have important ecological functions in promoting soil and plant health through their top-down regulation of ecosystem processes, such as decomposition, that involve bacterial populations. But the relationship between dictyostelid diversity within protected areas remains poorly understood, especially on a large scale. Herein, we report data on the distribution of dictyostelids, identified with ITS + SSU rRNA molecular and morphology-based taxonomy, from soil samples collected in the Fanjing Mountain protected area of Guizhou Province, Southwest China. We compared the biodiversity data of dictyostelids in Fanjing Mountain with similar data from previously sampled sites in four other protected areas, including Changbai Mountain (CB), Gushan Mountain (GS), Baiyun Mountain (BY), and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QT) in China. We identified four species of dictyostelids belonging to three genera (Dictyostelium, Heterostelium, and Polysphondylium) and herein provide information on the taxonomy of these species. Two species (Heterostelium pallidum and Dictyostelium purpureum) are common and widely distributed throughout the world, but one species (Polysphondylium fuscans) was new to China. Our data indicate that there is no distinguishable significant correlation between the dictyostelid species studied and environmental factors. Overall, the similarity index between Baiyun Mountain in Henan Province and Fanjing Mountain in Guizhou Province, located at approximately the same longitude, is the highest, and the Jaccard similarity coefficients (Jaccard index) of family, genus, and species are 100%, 100%, and 12.5%, respectively. From a species perspective, species in the same climate zone are not closely related, but obvious geographical distributions are evident in different climate zones. This preliminary study provided evidence of the ecological adaptation of dictyostelids to different biological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojuan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.Z.); (M.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Meng Li
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.Z.); (M.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shufei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.Z.); (M.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yue Qin
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.Z.); (M.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jing Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.Z.); (M.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.Z.); (M.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Steven L. Stephenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Junzhi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Pu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.Z.); (M.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
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Zhang Z, Yang Y, Zhao J, Li Y, Stephenson SL, Qiu J, Liu P. Environmental factors influencing the diversity and distribution of dictyostelid cellular slime molds in forest and farmland soils of western China. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0173223. [PMID: 37962389 PMCID: PMC10715086 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01732-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Soil protists are an essential yet seriously understudied component of the soil microbiome. In this study, 11 new records of dictyostelids belonging to 2 orders, 3 families, and 4 genera were identified from 99 soil samples collected from different elevations and habitats in central Gansu and the southeastern and southcentral portions of Guizhou Province, China. We found that dictyostelid communities were significantly different between Gansu and Guizhou Provinces, apparently in response to different environmental factors. Moreover, dictyostelids were found to have the highest species diversity in mixed forests. Soil pH, temperature, and elevation were determined to be the primary factors that affect the distribution and occurrence of dictyostelids in Guizhou and Gansu Provinces. This work supplements the survey data available for dictyostelids elsewhere in China. These new findings have significant implications for our understanding of the diversity of soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojuan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingkun Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Steven L. Stephenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Junzhi Qiu
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Pu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Diversity of Dictyostelid Cellular Slime Molds, Including Two Species New to Science, in Forest Soils of Changbai Mountain, China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0240222. [PMID: 36190423 PMCID: PMC9620775 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02402-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dictyostelid cellular slime molds (dictyostelids) are protists that are common inhabitants of most soils, where they feed upon bacteria. Changbai Mountain is the highest mountain in northeast China. Soil samples collected on Changbai Mountain yielded 11 isolates representing six species of dictyostelid samples. Two of these species (Dictyostelium robusticaule and Heterostelium recretum) were found to be new to science, based on morphology, SSU rDNA sequences, and an ATPase subunit 1 gene (atp1) phylogeny. The present study also demonstrated that the increased accuracy and lower costs associated with the use of atp1 sequences make them a complement of SSU rDNA sequences for identifying dictyostelids. Changbai Mountain is characterized by a higher diversity of dictyostelids than indicated by the few previous reports. Moreover, the data for Changbai Mountain, compared with comparable data for Taiwan, suggest that differences in diversity at the family level are possibly related to latitude. Mixed broadleaf-conifer forests produced more isolates and species than broadleaf forests at the same elevation and also had the highest species richness, which indicates an effect of vegetation on dictyostelids. However, the pattern of slightly decreasing diversity with increasing elevation in dictyostelids was also apparent. IMPORTANCE Dictyostelium robusticaule and Heterostelium recretum are two new species of dictyostelids reported in this study. The potential use of atp1 sequences is a complement of SSU rDNA sequences for the identifying dictyostelids. A pattern of slightly decreasing diversity with increasing elevation in dictyostelids was observed, with the conditions that exist at lower elevations apparently more suitable for dictyostelids, whereas differences of diversity observed at the family level are possibly related to latitude.
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Sallinger E, Robeson MS, Haselkorn TS. Characterization of the bacterial microbiomes of social amoebae and exploration of the roles of host and environment on microbiome composition. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:126-142. [PMID: 33063404 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As predators of bacteria, amoebae select for traits that allow bacteria to become symbionts by surviving phagocytosis and exploiting the eukaryotic intracellular environment. Soil-dwelling social amoebae can help us answer questions about the natural ecology of these amoeba-bacteria symbioses along the pathogen-mutualist spectrum. Our objective was to characterize the natural bacterial microbiome of phylogenetically and morphologically diverse social amoeba species using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons directly from amoeba fruiting bodies. We found six phyla of amoeba-associated bacteria: Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Chlamydiae, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria. The most common associates of amoebae were classified to order Chlamydiales and genus Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia. These bacteria were present in multiple amoeba species across multiple locations. While there was substantial intraspecific variation, there was some evidence for host specificity and differentially abundant taxa between different amoeba hosts. Amoebae microbiomes were distinct from the microbiomes of their soil habitat, and soil pH affected amoeba microbiome diversity. Alpha-diversity was unsurprisingly lower in amoebae samples compared with soil, but beta-diversity between amoebae samples was higher than between soil samples. Further exploration of social amoebae microbiomes may help us understand the roles of bacteria, host, and environment on symbiotic interactions and microbiome formation in basal eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Sallinger
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA
| | - Michael S Robeson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Tamara S Haselkorn
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA
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Dictyostelid Cellular Slime Molds from the Russian Far East. Protist 2020; 171:125756. [PMID: 33126017 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2020.125756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dictyostelid cellular slime molds (dictyostelids) are important soil microorganisms that feed mostly on bacteria in the soil and leaf litter layer. The Russian Far East is the easternmost part of Russia and thus is located in the Middle East of Siberia. In September 2018, 14 samples of mixed soil/humus were collected from the most southeastern portion of the Russian Far East, including Sakhalin Island, Ussuriysk and Vladivostok, and then processed for dictyostelids. Seven species in four genera were recovered. Four of these species (Cavenderia fasciculata, Heterostelium tenuissimum, Dictyostelium longosporum and Polysphondylium patagonicum) were recorded for the first time from Russia, and one species (H. multibrachiatum sp. nov.) in described herein as new to science.
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Liu P, Zou Y, Li S, Stephenson SL, Wang Q, Li Y. Two new species of dictyostelid cellular slime molds in high-elevation habitats on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5. [PMID: 30626889 PMCID: PMC6327048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dictyostelid cellular slime molds (dictyostelids) are key components of soil microbes. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is characterized by unique and important forest types because of the considerable range in elevation which exists. During the period of 2012, 2013 and 2016, 12 species of dictyostelids were yielded from samples collected in this region, including two new species and three new records for China. Six other species were new records for this region. Ontogeny, morphology, ultrastructure and systematic molecular analyses (SSU & ITS) of D. minimum and D. multiforme confirm that they are Goup 4 new species. The ornamentation of the surface of dictyostelids' spores is the first time to be observed until now. In the SSU phylogenetic tree generated in the present study, Synstelium, not assigned to order and family before, was assigned to the clade Acytosteliaceae in the Acytosteliales firstly. To our knowledge, the study reported herein is the first investigation of dictyostelid biodiversity carried out at elevations above 2000 m. Sorocarp size, sorus size, spore length, ratio of sorus and sorophore, and ratio of sorus and spore size were positively correlated with increasing elevation and no linear correlated with forest type, according to the results of linear regression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zou
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China
| | - Shu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China
| | - Steven L Stephenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China.
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Sanders D, Borys KD, Kisa F, Rakowski SA, Lozano M, Filutowicz M. Multiple Dictyostelid Species Destroy Biofilms of Klebsiella oxytoca and Other Gram Negative Species. Protist 2017; 168:311-325. [PMID: 28499132 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dictyostelids are free-living phagocytes that feed on bacteria in diverse habitats. When bacterial prey is in short supply or depleted, they undergo multicellular development culminating in the formation of dormant spores. In this work, we tested isolates representing four dictyostelid species from two genera (Dictyostelium and Polysphondylium) for the potential to feed on biofilms preformed on glass and polycarbonate surfaces. The abilities of dictyostelids were monitored for three hallmarks of activity: 1) spore germination on biofilms, 2) predation on biofilm enmeshed bacteria by phagocytic cells and 3) characteristic stages of multicellular development (streaming and fructification). We found that all dictyostelid isolates tested could feed on biofilm enmeshed bacteria produced by human and plant pathogens: Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas syringae, Erwinia amylovora 1189 (biofilm former) and E. amylovora 1189 Δams (biofilm deficient mutant). However, when dictyostelids were fed planktonic E. amylovora Δams the bacterial cells exhibited an increased susceptibility to predation by one of the two dictyostelid strains they were tested against. Taken together, the qualitative and quantitative data presented here suggest that dictyostelids have preferences in bacterial prey which affects their efficiency of feeding on bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Sanders
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Katarzyna D Borys
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Fikrullah Kisa
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sheryl A Rakowski
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Marcela Lozano
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Marcin Filutowicz
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Perrigo AL, Baldauf SL, Romeralo M. Diversity of dictyostelid social amoebae in high latitude habitats of Northern Sweden. FUNGAL DIVERS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-012-0208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Evolution and diversity of dictyostelid social amoebae. Protist 2011; 163:327-43. [PMID: 22209334 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dictyostelid social amoebae are a large and ancient group of soil microbes with an unusual multicellular stage in their life cycle. Taxonomically, they belong to the eukaryotic supergroup Amoebozoa, the sister group to Opisthokonta (animals + fungi). Roughly half of the ~150 known dictyostelid species were discovered during the last five years and probably many more remain to be found. The traditional classification system of Dictyostelia was completely overturned by cladistic analyses and molecular phylogenies of the past six years. As a result, it now appears that, instead of three major divisions there are eight, none of which correspond to traditional higher-level taxa. In addition to the widely studied Dictyostelium discoideum, there are now efforts to develop model organisms and complete genome sequences for each major group. Thus Dictyostelia is becoming an excellent model for both practical, medically related research and for studying basic principles in cell-cell communication and developmental evolution. In this review we summarize the latest information about their life cycle, taxonomy, evolutionary history, genome projects and practical importance.
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