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Marchetta A, Papale M, Rappazzo AC, Rizzo C, Camacho A, Rochera C, Azzaro M, Urzì C, Lo Giudice A, De Leo F. A Deep Insight into the Diversity of Microfungal Communities in Arctic and Antarctic Lakes. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1095. [PMID: 37998900 PMCID: PMC10672340 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed fungal diversity in water and sediment samples obtained from five Arctic lakes in Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard Islands, High Arctic) and five Antarctic lakes on Livingston and Deception Islands (South Shetland Islands), using DNA metabarcoding. A total of 1,639,074 fungal DNA reads were detected and assigned to 5980 ASVs amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), with only 102 (1.7%) that were shared between the two Polar regions. For Arctic lakes, unknown fungal taxa dominated the sequence assemblages, suggesting the dominance of possibly undescribed fungi. The phylum Chytridiomycota was the most represented in the majority of Arctic and Antarctic samples, followed by Rozellomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and the less frequent Monoblepharomycota, Aphelidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, and Neocallimastigomycota. At the genus level, the most abundant genera included psychrotolerant and cosmopolitan cold-adapted fungi including Alternaria, Cladosporium, Cadophora, Ulvella (Ascomycota), Leucosporidium, Vishniacozyma (Basidiomycota), and Betamyces (Chytridiomycota). The assemblages displayed high diversity and richness. The assigned diversity was composed mainly of taxa recognized as saprophytic fungi, followed by pathogenic and symbiotic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Marchetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Papale
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy (A.L.G.)
| | - Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy (A.L.G.)
| | - Carmen Rizzo
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy (A.L.G.)
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Biology, Sicily Marine Centre, Department Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Camacho
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catédratico José Beltrán, 2, E46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Carlos Rochera
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catédratico José Beltrán, 2, E46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Maurizio Azzaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy (A.L.G.)
| | - Clara Urzì
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy (A.L.G.)
| | - Filomena De Leo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Abstract
Hypersaline waters and glacial ice are inhospitable environments that have low water activity and high concentrations of osmolytes. They are inhabited by diverse microbial communities, of which extremotolerant and extremophilic fungi are essential components. Some fungi are specialized in only one of these two environments and can thrive in conditions that are lethal to most other life-forms. Others are generalists, highly adaptable species that occur in both environments and tolerate a wide range of extremes. Both groups efficiently balance cellular osmotic pressure and ion concentration, stabilize cell membranes, remodel cell walls, and neutralize intracellular oxidative stress. Some species use unusual reproductive strategies. Further investigation of these adaptations with new methods and carefully designed experiments under ecologically relevant conditions will help predict the role of fungi in hypersaline and glacial environments affected by climate change, decipher their stress resistance mechanisms and exploit their biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cene Gostinčar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; ,
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; ,
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Navarrete C, Estrada M, Martínez JL. Debaryomyces hansenii: an old acquaintance for a fresh start in the era of the green biotechnology. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:99. [PMID: 35482161 PMCID: PMC9050785 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The halophilic yeast Debaryomyces hansenii has been studied for several decades, serving as eukaryotic model for understanding salt and osmotic tolerance. Nevertheless, lack of consensus among different studies is found and, sometimes, contradictory information derived from studies performed in very diverse conditions. These two factors hampered its establishment as the key biotechnological player that was called to be in the past decade. On top of that, very limited (often deficient) engineering tools are available for this yeast. Fortunately Debaryomyces is again gaining momentum and recent advances using highly instrumented lab scale bioreactors, together with advanced –omics and HT-robotics, have revealed a new set of interesting results. Those forecast a very promising future for D. hansenii in the era of the so-called green biotechnology. Moreover, novel genetic tools enabling precise gene editing on this yeast are now available. In this review, we highlight the most recent developments, which include the identification of a novel gene implicated in salt tolerance, a newly proposed survival mechanism for D. hansenii at very high salt and limiting nutrient concentrations, and its utilization as production host in biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Navarrete
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 223, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mònica Estrada
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 223, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - José L Martínez
- Section of Synthetic Biology (DTU Bioengineering), Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 223, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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5
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Nutaratat P, Boontham W, Khunnamwong P. A Novel Yeast Genus and Two Novel Species Isolated from Pineapple Leaves in Thailand: Savitreella phatthalungensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Goffeauzyma siamensis sp. nov. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020118. [PMID: 35205872 PMCID: PMC8877625 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Four yeast strains, representing one genus and two novel anamorphic yeast species, were isolated from pineapple leaves collected in Thailand. Analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions showed the two strains (DMKU-PAL186 and DMKU-PAL178) were closely related to the type strains of the Protomyces and Taphrina species, but with high nucleotide divergence. Two strains (DMKU-PAL39 and DMKU-PAL18) were found to be closely related to the type strains of Goffeauzyma iberica, but with eight nucleotide substitutions in the D1/D2 domains and 26 nucleotide substitutions in the ITS regions. In phylogenetic analyses, the strains DMKU-PAL186 and DMKU-PAL178 formed a well-separated lineage from Protomyces and Taphrina genera, confirming that they represented a distinct genus, while the strains DMKU-PAL39 and DMKU-PAL18 represented a species in the genus Goffeauzyma, which was phylogenetically distinct from other recognized species of the genus. Based on molecular analyses and phenotypic characteristics, the names Savitreella gen. nov. (Taphrinomycetes, Ascomycota) and Savitreella phatthalungensis sp. nov. are proposed to accommodate the strains DMKU-PAL186 and DMKU-PAL178, and the name Goffeauzyma siamensis sp. nov. (Tremellomycetes, Basidiomycota) is proposed to accommodate the strains DMKU-PAL39 and DMKU-PAL18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pumin Nutaratat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Pa Phayom, Phatthalung 93210, Thailand;
- Microbial Technology for Agriculture, Food and Environment Research Center, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Pa Phayom, Phatthalung 93210, Thailand
| | - Wanatchaporn Boontham
- Program of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Pannida Khunnamwong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Biodiversity Center, Kasetsart University (BDCKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-562-5444
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Oliveira MM, Proenca AM, Moreira-Silva E, Dos Santos FM, Marconatto L, de Castro AM, Medina-Silva R. Biochemical features and early adhesion of marine Candida parapsilosis strains on high-density polyethylene. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1954-1966. [PMID: 34787949 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Plastic debris are constantly released into oceans where, due to weathering processes, they suffer fragmentation into micro- and nanoplastics. Diverse microbes often colonize these persisting fragments, contributing to their degradation. However, there are scarce reports regarding the biofilm formation of eukaryotic decomposing microorganisms on plastics. Here, we evaluated five yeast isolates from deep-sea sediment for catabolic properties and early adhesion ability on high-density polyethylene (HDPE). METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed yeast catabolic features and adhesion ability on HDPE fragments subjected to abiotic weathering. Adhered cells were evaluated through Crystal Violet Assay, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and Infrared Spectroscopy. Isolates were identified as Candida parapsilosis and exhibited wide catabolic capacity. Two isolates showed high adhesion ability on HDPE, consistently higher than the reference C. parapsilosis strain, despite an increase in fragment roughness due to weathering. Isolate Y5 displayed the most efficient colonization, with production of polysaccharides and lipids after 48 h of incubation. CONCLUSION This work provides insights on catabolic metabolism and initial yeast-HDPE interactions of marine C. parapsilosis strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our findings represent an essential contribution to the characterization of early interactions between deep-sea undescribed yeast strains and plastic pollutants found in oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Monteiro Oliveira
- Geobiology Laboratory, Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Audrey Menegaz Proenca
- Geobiology Laboratory, Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Moreira-Silva
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francine Melise Dos Santos
- Geobiology Laboratory, Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Letícia Marconatto
- Geobiology Laboratory, Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Machado de Castro
- Biotechnology Division, Research and Development Center (CENPES), PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Medina-Silva
- Geobiology Laboratory, Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Adel A, El-Baz A, Shetaia Y, Sorour NM. Biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids by two newly cold-adapted Egyptian marine yeast. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:461. [PMID: 34692369 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread awareness of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) benefits for human health has increased the need for their commercial production. Two oleaginous yeast were isolated from the Mediterranean Sea fish and Red Sea fish Epinephelus aeneus and E. areolatus, respectively. These marine candidates were identified by MALDI-TOF/MS biotyper® as Lodderomyces elongisporus and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The effect of incubation temperature (7, 15, and 26 °C) and glucose concentration (3% and 8%) on their lipids content were investigated using Sulfo-Phospho-Vanillin (SPV) assay. Their intercellular lipids were visualized by fluorescence microscope using Nile-Red dye. L. elongisporus and R. mucilaginosa produced 20.04% and 26.79% of Linoleic acid, respectively, on normal Basal-Defatted Medium (BDM). Linoleic acid (21.4-22.7%) and α-Linolenic acid (7.5-10.8%) were produced by R. mucilaginosa and L. elongisporus, on normal BDM at 15 °C. High-Glucose BDM induced a positive effect on the total lipids production that reached its maximum of 48% and 54% by R. mucilaginosa and L. elongisporus, respectively, grown at 15 °C. Remarkably, 12.12% of long-chain 15-Docosenoic acid (C22:1) and 21.49% of Tricosanoic acid (C23:0) were detected in the FAs profile of L. elongisporus, when grown on normal BDM at 26 °C. The present study is the first one reporting the FAs profile of the Egyptian Marine L. elongisporus, and its capability to accumulate high amounts of lipids under appropriate fermentation conditions; thus, it could be considered for scaling up production. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03010-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashraf El-Baz
- Département of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 22857/79 Egypt
| | - Yousseria Shetaia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Mohamed Sorour
- Département of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 22857/79 Egypt
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Canini F, Geml J, Buzzini P, Turchetti B, Onofri S, D’Acqui LP, Ripa C, Zucconi L. Growth Forms and Functional Guilds Distribution of Soil Fungi in Coastal Versus Inland Sites of Victoria Land, Antarctica. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040320. [PMID: 33920495 PMCID: PMC8070035 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Victoria Land, Antarctica, ice-free areas are restricted to coastal regions and dominate the landscape of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. These two environments are subjected to different pressures that determine the establishment of highly adapted fungal communities. Within the kingdom of fungi, filamentous, yeasts and meristematic/microcolonial growth forms on one side and different lifestyles on the other side may be considered adaptive strategies of particular interest in the frame of Antarctic constraints. In this optic, soil fungal communities from both coastal and Dry Valleys sites, already characterized thorough ITS1 metabarcoding sequencing, have been compared to determine the different distribution of phyla, growth forms, and lifestyles. Though we did not find significant differences in the richness between the two environments, the communities were highly differentiated and Dry Valleys sites had a higher evenness compared to coastal ones. Additionally, the distribution of different growth forms and lifestyles were well differentiated, and their diversity and composition were likely influenced by soil abiotic parameters, among which soil granulometry, pH, P, and C contents were the potential main determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Canini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.O.); (C.R.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0761357138
| | - József Geml
- Biodiversity Dynamics Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- MTA-EKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research Group, Eszterházy Károly University, H-3300 Eger, Hungary
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (P.B.); (B.T.)
| | - Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (P.B.); (B.T.)
| | - Silvano Onofri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.O.); (C.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Luigi Paolo D’Acqui
- Research Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Caterina Ripa
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.O.); (C.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Laura Zucconi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.O.); (C.R.); (L.Z.)
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Navarrete C, Frost AT, Ramos-Moreno L, Krum MR, Martínez JL. A physiological characterization in controlled bioreactors reveals a novel survival strategy for Debaryomyces hansenii at high salinity. Yeast 2021; 38:302-315. [PMID: 33305394 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii is traditionally described as a halotolerant non-conventional yeast and has served as a model organism for the study of osmotolerance and salt tolerance mechanisms in eukaryotic systems for the past 30 years. However, unraveling of D. hansenii's biotechnological potential has always been difficult due to the persistent limitations in the availability of efficient molecular tools described for this yeast. Additionally, there is a lack of consensus and contradictory information along the recent years that limits a comprehensive understanding of its central carbon metabolism, mainly due to a lack of physiological studies in controlled and monitored environments. Moreover, there is little consistency in the culture conditions (media composition, temperature, and pH among others) used by different groups, which makes it complicated when trying to get prevalent conclusions on behavioral patterns. In this work, we present for the first time a characterization of D. hansenii in batch cultivations using highly controlled lab-scale bioreactors. Our findings contribute to a more complete picture of the central carbon metabolism and the external pH influence on the yeast's ability to tolerate high Na+ and K+ concentrations, pointing to a differential effect of both salts, as well as a positive effect in cell performance when low environmental pH values are combined with a high sodium concentration in the media. Finally, a novel survival strategy at very high salinity (2 M) is proposed for this yeast, as well as potential outcomes for its use in industrial biotechnology applications. TAKE AWAY: High salt concentrations stimulate respiration in Debaryomyces hansenii. Sodium exerts a stronger positive impact on cell performance than potassium. μmax is higher at a combination of low pH, high salt, and high temperature. Concentrations of 2 M salt result in slower growth but increased biomass yield. The positive effect of salts is enhanced at low glucose concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Navarrete
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - August T Frost
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Laura Ramos-Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mette R Krum
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - José L Martínez
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Production, characterization and biological activities of exopolysaccharides from a new cold-adapted yeast: Rhodotorula mucilaginosa sp. GUMS16. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:268-277. [PMID: 32087227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lately, it has been proved that yeast exopolysaccharides (EPS) are potentially applicable biopolymers, a fact that has led to incremental needs for their assessment. The current study is based on the biochemical and molecular level identification of the novel cold-adapted yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa sp. GUMS16. Possible antioxidant and antiproliferative activities, as well as extraction and characterization of the GUMS16-produced EPS, were assessed during the course of this study. The results indicated that the strain of GUMS16 is a cold-adapted yeast with growth capability at 4 °C and an approximate EPS production yield of 28.5 g/L which are characterized as highly branched beta-D-glucan having glucose and mannose residues (85:15 mol%, respectively) with an average molecular weight of 84 kDa. In comparison to hyaluronic acid, DPPH, and OH, the scavenging activity attributed to the GUMS16-produced EPS was higher alongside being dose-dependent. The biocompatibility profile of the EPS was well-recognized based on its zero-cytotoxicity rate on a normal cell model. Collectively, the favorable properties of the EPS accentuate their potential as biocompatible compound suitable for subsequent pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
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11
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Perini L, Gostinčar C, Gunde-Cimerman N. Fungal and bacterial diversity of Svalbard subglacial ice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20230. [PMID: 31882659 PMCID: PMC6934841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of fungal and bacterial communities in three polythermal glaciers and associated aquatic environments in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard was analysed using a combination of cultivation and amplicon sequencing. 109 fungal strains belonging to 30 mostly basidiomycetous species were isolated from glacial samples with counts up to 103 CFU/100 ml. Glaciozyma-related taxon and Phenoliferia psychrophenolica were the dominant species. Unexpectedly, amplicon sequencing uncovered sequences of Chytridiomycota in all samples and Rozellomycota in sea water, lake water, and tap water. Sequences of Malassezia restricta and of the extremely halotolerant Hortaea werneckii were also found in subglacial habitats for the first time. Overall, the fungal communities within a glacier and among glaciers were diverse and spatially heterogenous. Contrary to this, there was a large overlap between the bacterial communities of different glaciers, with Flavobacterium sp. being the most frequently isolated. In amplicon sequencing Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria sequences were the most abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Perini
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - C Gostinčar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - N Gunde-Cimerman
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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12
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Ming C, Huang J, Wang Y, Lv Q, Zhou B, Liu T, Cao Y, Gerrits van den Ende B, Al-Hatmi AMS, Ahmed SA, Huang G, Bai F, de Hoog S, Kang Y. Revision of the medically relevant species of the yeast genus Diutina. Med Mycol 2019; 57:226-233. [PMID: 29635537 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diutina (Candida) rugosa is emerging as a causative agent of human infections. Recently some close relatives have been described, that is, D. mesorugosa, D. pseudorugosa, and D. neorugosa, some of which have also been implicated in human infection. Phylogenetic relationships of 24 clinical isolates of the D. rugosa complex are reconstructed using multilocus sequence analysis of five housekeeping genes, supplemented with phenotypic studies of CandiSelect™ 4 Agar and nutritional physiology. Diutina mesorugosa could not meaningfully be distinguished from D. rugosa and is regarded as a synonym. Diutina neorugosa and D. pseudorugosa represent separate, distantly related species within the genus Diutina, but have as yet not been encountered in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Ming
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology and Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education and Department of Microbiology Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology and Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education and Department of Microbiology Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology and Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education and Department of Microbiology Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology and Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education and Department of Microbiology Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Taohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology and Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education and Department of Microbiology Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health, Ibri Hospital, Ibri, Oman
| | - Sarah A Ahmed
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guanghua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyan Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yingqian Kang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology and Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education and Department of Microbiology Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Dresch P, Falbesoner J, Ennemoser C, Hittorf M, Kuhnert R, Peintner U. Emerging from the ice-fungal communities are diverse and dynamic in earliest soil developmental stages of a receding glacier. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1864-1880. [PMID: 30888722 PMCID: PMC6849718 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We used amplicon sequencing and isolation of fungi from in-growth mesh bags to identify active fungi in three earliest stages of soil development (SSD) at a glacier forefield (0-3, 9-14, 18-25 years after retreat of glacial ice). Soil organic matter and nutrient concentrations were extremely low, but the fungal diversity was high [220 operational taxonomic units (OTUs)/138 cultivated OTUs]. A clear successional trend was observed along SSDs, and species richness increased with time. Distinct changes in fungal community composition occurred with the advent of vascular plants. Fungal communities of recently deglaciated soil are most distinctive and rather similar to communities typical for cryoconite or ice. This indicates melting water as an important inoculum for native soil. Moreover, distinct seasonal differences were detected in fungal communities. Some fungal taxa, especially of the class Microbotryomycetes, showed a clear preference for winter and early SSD. Our results provide insight into new facets regarding the ecology of fungal taxa, for example, by showing that many fungal taxa might have an alternative, saprobial lifestyle in snow-covered, as supposed for a few biotrophic plant pathogens of class Pucciniomycetes. The isolated fungi include a high proportion of unknown species, which can be formally described and used for experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dresch
- Institute of MicrobiologyUniversity InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | | | | | - Regina Kuhnert
- Institute of MicrobiologyUniversity InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Ursula Peintner
- Institute of MicrobiologyUniversity InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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14
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Montoya AM, Luna-Rodríguez CE, Gracia-Robles G, Rojas OC, Treviño-Rangel RDJ, González GM. In vitro virulence determinants, comparative pathogenicity of Diutina (Candida) mesorugosa clinical isolates and literature review of the D. rugosa complex. Mycologia 2019; 111:395-407. [PMID: 30985256 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1585161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Opportunistic mycoses by yeasts have increased considerably in the last three decades. Although Candida albicans is considered one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections, there is a recent shift to non-albicans Candida species as the most frequently isolated yeasts in particular risk groups. Diutina rugosa (formerly Candida rugosa) is a complex that includes four species: D. rugosa sensu stricto, D. neorugosa, D. pseudorugosa, and D. mesorugosa, and they are estimated to represent 0.2% of all Candida clinical isolates. In this study, we analyze nine clinical isolates of D. mesorugosa with focus on the virulence determinants and pathogenicity of the species by means of a Galleria mellonella survival model. Overall, we detected very strong aspartyl-protease and esterase activities. In contrast, both DNase and hemolysin activities were evident in only two of the isolates. None of the isolates was positive for phospholipase activity. All isolates studied were able to form biofilm after 72 h of incubation in a robust manner when compared with the C. albicans strain used as control. Susceptibility testing showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ≤1 µg/mL for amphotericin B in all isolates tested. Eight out of nine of the isolates had MICs ≤2 µg/mL for fluconazole. All isolates were resistant to both anidulafungin and caspofungin (MICs ≥1 µg/mL). We found a significant difference (P < 0.0001) amongst the survival curves for the different D. mesorugosa isolates in the Galleria mellonella survival model. Strains HPM309 and H259 produced an acute infection and exhibited the highest virulence, whereas the D. mesorugosa isolates 99-480 and DM17 proved to be the less virulent strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Montoya
- a Departamento de Microbiología , Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , Monterrey , México
| | - Carolina E Luna-Rodríguez
- a Departamento de Microbiología , Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , Monterrey , México
| | - Gabriela Gracia-Robles
- a Departamento de Microbiología , Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , Monterrey , México
| | - Olga C Rojas
- b Departamento de Ciencias Básicas , Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey , San Pedro Garza García , México
| | - Rogelio de J Treviño-Rangel
- a Departamento de Microbiología , Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , Monterrey , México
| | - Gloria M González
- a Departamento de Microbiología , Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , Monterrey , México
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15
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Zajc J, Gostinčar C, Černoša A, Gunde-Cimerman N. Stress-Tolerant Yeasts: Opportunistic Pathogenicity Versus Biocontrol Potential. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10010042. [PMID: 30646593 PMCID: PMC6357073 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-tolerant fungi that can thrive under various environmental extremes are highly desirable for their application to biological control, as an alternative to chemicals for pest management. However, in fungi, the mechanisms of stress tolerance might also have roles in mammal opportunism. We tested five species with high biocontrol potential in agriculture (Aureobasidium pullulans, Debayomyces hansenii, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Metschnikowia fructicola, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) and two species recognized as emerging opportunistic human pathogens (Exophiala dermatitidis, Aureobasidium melanogenum) for growth under oligotrophic conditions and at 37 °C, and for tolerance to oxidative stress, formation of biofilms, production of hydrolytic enzymes and siderophores, and use of hydrocarbons as sole carbon source. The results show large overlap between traits desirable for biocontrol and traits linked to opportunism (growth under oligotrophic conditions, production of siderophores, high oxidative stress tolerance, and specific enzyme activities). Based on existing knowledge and these data, we suggest that oligotrophism and thermotolerance together with siderophore production at 37 °C, urease activity, melanization, and biofilm production are the main traits that increase the potential for fungi to cause opportunistic infections in mammals. These traits should be carefully considered when assessing safety of potential biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janja Zajc
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Cene Gostinčar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Institut 'Jožef Stefan', Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Anja Černoša
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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16
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Luo B, Sun H, Zhang Y, Gu Y, Yan W, Zhang R, Ni Y. Habitat-specificity and diversity of culturable cold-adapted yeasts of a cold-based glacier in the Tianshan Mountains, northwestern China. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:2311-2327. [PMID: 30483846 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Asian cold-based glacier yeasts with respect to their abundance, distribution, and taxonomy, in contrast to other continental cryosphere areas, have been little investigated. The present study reports the diversity and phylogeny of culturable cold-adapted yeasts in six cold habitats of the Glacier No.1 in the Tianshan Mountains (northwestern China). Of the total 591 yeast isolates, 401 were identified as basidiomycetous yeasts represented by 41 species of 15 genera, while 190 ascomycetous yeast isolates were assigned to the 8 species of 7 genera. The most prevalent species was Candida akabanensis with a 19.8% frequency of occurrence, followed by Vishniacozyma victoriae (16.4%) and Diutina rugosa (9.98%), of which V. victoriae was the only yeast species common to all six glacial habitats. Variability on the component and abundance of yeast taxa among glacial habitats primarily displayed in four dominant yeast genera, namely Candida, Vishniacozyma, Filobasidium, and Naganishia. However, network analysis illustrated that most of 32 rare yeast populations were habitat-specific, implying that the low-abundance yeast population was more easily influenced by the local habitat conditions (species sorting). Based on indicator species analyses, the subglacial habitat was characterized by psychrotolerant and/or psychrophilic yeast taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Luo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Fourth Nouth Ave., Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Fourth Nouth Ave., Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Fourth Nouth Ave., Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Gu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Fourth Nouth Ave., Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Fourth Nouth Ave., Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Fourth Nouth Ave., Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Ni
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Fourth Nouth Ave., Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Cordero RJB, Robert V, Cardinali G, Arinze ES, Thon SM, Casadevall A. Impact of Yeast Pigmentation on Heat Capture and Latitudinal Distribution. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2657-2664.e3. [PMID: 30078567 PMCID: PMC6245944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pigmentation is a fundamental characteristic of living organisms that is used to absorb radiation energy and to regulate temperature. Since darker pigments absorb more radiation than lighter ones, they stream more heat, which can provide an adaptive advantage at higher latitudes and a disadvantage near the Tropics, because of the risk of overheating. This intuitive process of color-mediated thermoregulation, also known as the theory of thermal melanism (TTM), has been only tested in ectothermic animal models [1-8]. Here, we report an association between yeast pigmentation and their latitude of isolation, with dark-pigmented isolates being more frequent away from the Tropics. To measure the impact of microbial pigmentation in energy capture from radiation, we generated 20 pigmented variants of Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida spp. Infrared thermography revealed that dark-pigmented yeasts heated up faster and reached higher temperatures (up to 2-fold) than lighter ones following irradiation. Melanin-pigmented C. neoformans exhibited a growth advantage relative to non-melanized yeasts when incubated under the light at 4°C but increased thermal susceptibility at 25°C ambient temperatures. Our results extend the TTM to microbiology and suggest pigmentation as an ancient adaptation mechanism for gaining thermal energy from radiation. The contribution of microbial pigmentation in heat absorption is relevant to microbial ecology and for estimating global temperatures. The color variations available in yeasts provide new opportunities in chromatology to quantify radiative heat transfer and validate biophysical models of heat flow [9] that are not possible with plants or animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radames J B Cordero
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vincent Robert
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 8 Uppsalalaan, 3584CT Ultrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gianluigi Cardinali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ebuka S Arinze
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Susanna M Thon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Screening of 1,000-years old ice layers from the perennial ice block of Scărișoara Ice Cave (NW Romania) revealed the presence of fungal communities. Using culture-dependent methods and molecular techniques based on DGGE fingerprinting of 18S rRNA gene fragments and sequencing, we identified 50 cultured and 14 uncultured fungi in presently-forming, 400 and 900 years old ice layers, corresponding to 28 distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The dominant ice-contained fungal OTUs were related to Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Cryptomycota phyla. Representatives of Mucoromycota and Chytridiomycota were also isolated from recent and 400 years old ice samples. The cryophilic Mrakia stokesii was the most abundant fungal species found in the cave ice samples of all prospected ages, alongside other cryophilic fungi also identified in various glacial environments. Ice deposits formed during the Little Ice Age (dated between AD 1,250 and 1,850) appeared to have a higher fungal diversity than the ice layer formed during the Medieval Warm Period (prior to AD 1,250). A more complex fungal community adapted to low temperatures was obtained from all analyzed ice layers when cultivated at 4 °C as compared to 15 °C, suggesting the dominance of cold-adapted fungi in this glacial habitat. The fungal distribution in the analyzed cave ice layers revealed the presence of unique OTUs in different aged-formed ice deposits, as a first hint for putative further identification of fungal biomarkers for climate variations in this icy habitat. This is the first report on fungi from a rock-hosted cave ice block.
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19
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Defosse TA, Mélin C, Clastre M, Besseau S, Lanoue A, Glévarec G, Oudin A, Dugé de Bernonville T, Vandeputte P, Linder T, Bouchara JP, Courdavault V, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Papon N. An additionalMeyerozyma guilliermondii IMH3gene confers mycophenolic acid resistance in fungal CTG clade species. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow078. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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20
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Abdel-Sater MA, Moubasher AAH, Soliman Z. Identification of three yeast species using the conventional and internal transcribed spacer region sequencing methods as first or second global record from human superficial infections. Mycoses 2016; 59:652-61. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Abdel-Sater
- Department of Botany and Microbiology; Faculty of Science and Assiut University Mycological Centre; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Abdel-Aal Hassan Moubasher
- Department of Botany and Microbiology; Faculty of Science and Assiut University Mycological Centre; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Zeinab Soliman
- Department of Botany and Microbiology; Faculty of Science and Assiut University Mycological Centre; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
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21
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Singh SM, Tsuji M, Gawas-Sakhalker P, Loonen MJJE, Hoshino T. Bird feather fungi from Svalbard Arctic. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Increased diversity in the genus Debaryomyces from Arctic glacier samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 107:487-501. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Turchetti B, Selbmann L, Blanchette RA, Di Mauro S, Marchegiani E, Zucconi L, Arenz BE, Buzzini P. Cryptococcus vaughanmartiniae sp. nov. and Cryptococcus onofrii sp. nov.: two new species isolated from worldwide cold environments. Extremophiles 2014; 19:149-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-014-0692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Galán-Sánchez F, García-Agudo L, García-Martos P, Rodríguez-Iglesias M. Candida galli as a Cause of Tinea Unguium—Molecular Characterization of a Rare Clinical Fungal Entity. Mycopathologia 2014; 178:303-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-014-9789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Kachalkin AV. Yeasts of the White Sea intertidal zone and description of Glaciozyma litorale sp. nov. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 105:1073-83. [PMID: 24696304 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The intertidal yeast communities inhabiting various environments in the territories of the White Sea Biological Station "Kartesh" (WSBS ZIN RAS) and the N.A. Pertsov White Sea Biological Station (WSBS MSU) were studied. A total of 31 yeast species were isolated using a conventional plating technique and identified using molecular methods. The yeast community of the White Sea intertidal zone consists of members that are typical for marine substrates, ubiquist species that are common in water and in low-temperature terrestrial environments, and a group of species that was isolated from marine substrates for the first time. The most diverse yeast communities formed on the surface of marine algae and in silt. Metschnikowia zobellii, which is a typical inhabitant of northern seas, was the most abundant yeast on algae from both biological stations. A new basidiomycetous yeast species, which was described in this work as Glaciozyma litorale sp. nov., dominated in the silt samples. The type strain of this new species is K94b(T) (=KBP 4246(T) = VKPM Y-3850(T) = PYCC 6252(T) = CBS 12957(T) = DSM 28204(T)); MycoBank registration number is MB 805475.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kachalkin
- Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia,
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26
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Selbmann L, Zucconi L, Onofri S, Cecchini C, Isola D, Turchetti B, Buzzini P. Taxonomic and phenotypic characterization of yeasts isolated from worldwide cold rock-associated habitats. Fungal Biol 2014; 118:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Padovan ACB, Melo ASDA, Colombo AL. Systematic review and new insights into the molecular characterization of the Candida rugosa species complex. Fungal Genet Biol 2013; 61:33-41. [PMID: 24161727 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Candida rugosa was characterized as a species complex comprising four taxa: C. rugosa sensu stricto, Candida pseudorugosa, Candida neorugosa and Candida mesorugosa. Although considered relatively rare, several clusters of candidemia due to C. rugosa complex had been reported presenting mortality rates close to 70%. In this work we discuss the systematization, phenotyping and molecular methods based on internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequencing and proteomic analyses for species identification, as well as clinical aspects of the C. rugosa complex. We performed a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis using 72 ITS sequences representative of C. rugosa complex isolates and related species within the genus. Biochemical, morphological and MALDI-TOF MS analyses were processed with C. rugosa complex type strains and related species isolates. We described that the phylogeny showed four distinct clades inferred with high posterior probabilities, corresponding to the four species within the C. rugosa complex, excluding C. pararugosa. Biochemical and morphological aspects distinguished only C. rugosa sensu stricto but were not sufficient to accurately identify species within the rest of the complex. Protein spectrum profiles differentiated all reference strains from different species analyzed. To our knowledge, we presented the first phylogenetic analysis using a large collection of ITS sequences as well as proteomic profiles generated from isolates of the C. rugosa complex and related species that can enlighten systematics, diagnostics and clinical research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Barbosa Padovan
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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28
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Turchetti B, Goretti M, Branda E, Diolaiuti G, D'Agata C, Smiraglia C, Onofri A, Buzzini P. Influence of abiotic variables on culturable yeast diversity in two distinct Alpine glaciers. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 86:327-40. [PMID: 23772605 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of some abiotic variables (pH, dry weight, organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous) on culturable yeast diversity in two distinct, but adjacent Alpine glaciers (Glacier du Géant, France, and Miage Glacier, Italy) was investigated. In all, 682 yeast strains were isolated and identified by D1/D2 and ITS sequencing as belonging to species of the genera Aureobasidium, Candida, Bulleromyces, Cryptococcus, Cystofilobasidium, Dioszegia, Guehomyces, Holtermanniella, Leucosporidiella, Mrakia, Mrakiella, Rhodotorula, Sporidiobolus, Sporobolomyces and Udenyomyces. Overall, the most represented genera were Cryptococcus (55% of isolates), Rhodotorula (17%) and Mrakia (10%). About 10% of strains, presumably belonging to new species (yet to be described), were preliminarily identified at the genus level. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous are apparently mostly related to culturable yeast abundance and diversity. In this context, the hypothesis that the frequency of isolation of certain species may be correlated with some organic nutrients (with special emphasis for phosphorous) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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29
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Chaves GM, Terçarioli GR, Padovan ACB, Rosas RC, Ferreira RC, Melo ASA, Colombo AL. Candida mesorugosa sp. nov., a novel yeast species similar to Candida rugosa, isolated from a tertiary hospital in Brazil. Med Mycol 2012; 51:231-42. [PMID: 22928924 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.710345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida rugosa is a yeast species that is emerging as a causative agent of invasive infection, particularly in Latin America. Recently, C. pseudorugosa was proposed as a new species closely related to C. rugosa. We evaluated in this investigation the genetic heterogeneity within the C. rugosa species complex. All clinical isolates used in this study were identified phenotypically as C. rugosa but were genotypically different from the C. rugosa type, ATCC 10571. RAPD marker analysis revealed less than 83% similarity between our clinical isolates and the C. rugosa type strain. The D1/D2 region sequences of our clinical isolates showed 98% identity with C. rugosa but only 94-95% identity with C. pseudorugosa. The ITS rDNA sequences of the Brazilian isolates showed 91% identity with the C. rugosa ATCC 10571 ITS sequence. Network and Bayesian analyses of ITS and housekeeping gene sequences separated our clinical isolates into different branches from C. rugosa type strain. These differences are sufficient to reassign our isolates to a distinct species, named C. mesorugosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M Chaves
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of the Candida rugosa species complex and proposal of the new species Candida neorugosa. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:2397-403. [PMID: 22553236 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00688-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida rugosa is a poorly known fungal species occasionally involved in human infections. A molecular analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 domains and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal genes of 24 clinical isolates phenotypically identified as C. rugosa demonstrated that only 10 (41.6%) isolates belonged to that species. The other isolates were identified as Candida pararugosa (41.6%) and Candida pseudorugosa (8.3%). The remaining two isolates, from human and equine infections, respectively, were clearly different from the others and represent a new species proposed here as Candida neorugosa. The closest species by D1/D2 sequences was the type strain of C. rugosa, with only 92.3% similarity. C. neorugosa can also be differentiated from all other species of the C. rugosa complex by phenotypic features. The eight antifungal drugs tested showed high in vitro activity against the 24 isolates included in the study.
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31
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First case report of bloodstream infection due to a Candida species closely related to the novel species Candida pseudorugosa. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:2165-9. [PMID: 22461681 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00167-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida pseudorugosa is a novel species closely related to Candida rugosa for which only one case has been reported. We report the first case of a bloodstream infection in humans caused by a Candida sp. closely related to C. pseudorugosa. We contribute evidence to show this organism as a potential human pathogen that may be misidentified by conventional methods, also pointing out its lower sensitivity to azoles and other antifungal agents.
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Buzzini P, Branda E, Goretti M, Turchetti B. Psychrophilic yeasts from worldwide glacial habitats: diversity, adaptation strategies and biotechnological potential. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 82:217-41. [PMID: 22385361 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glacial habitats (cryosphere) include some of the largest unexplored and extreme biospheres on Earth. These habitats harbor a wide diversity of psychrophilic prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. These highly specialized microorganisms have developed adaptation strategies to overcome the direct and indirect life-endangering influence of low temperatures. For many years Antarctica has been the geographic area preferred by microbiologists for studying the diversity of psychrophilic microorganisms (including yeasts). However, there have been an increasing number of studies on psychrophilic yeasts sharing the non-Antarctic cryosphere. The present paper provides an overview of the distribution and adaptation strategies of psychrophilic yeasts worldwide. Attention is also focused on their biotechnological potential, especially on their exploitation as a source of cold-active enzymes and for bioremediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Applied Biology and Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Cantrell SA, Dianese JC, Fell J, Gunde-Cimerman N, Zalar P. Unusual fungal niches. Mycologia 2012; 103:1161-74. [PMID: 21700639 DOI: 10.3852/11-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are found in all aerobic ecosystems, colonizing a diversity of substrates and performing a wide diversity of functions, some of which are not well understood. Many spices of fungi are cosmopolitan and generalists or habitats. Unusual fungal niches are habitats where extreme conditions would be expected to prevent the development of a mycobiota. In this review we describe five unusual fungal habitats in which fungi occupy poorly understood niches: Antarctic dry valleys, high Arctic glaciers, salt flats and salterns, hypersaline microbial mats and plant trichomes. Yeasts, black yeast-like fungi, melanized filamentous species as well as representatives of Aspergillus and Penicillium seem to be dominant among the mycobiota adapted to cold and saline niches. Plant trichomes appear to be a taxa. The advent of new sequencing technologies is helping to elucidate the microbial diversity in many ecosystems, but more studies are needed to document the functional role of fungi in the microbial communities thriving in these unusual environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Cantrell
- School of Scinence and Technology, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778.
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Zalar P, Gostincar C, de Hoog GS, Ursic V, Sudhadham M, Gunde-Cimerman N. Redefinition of Aureobasidium pullulans and its varieties. Stud Mycol 2008; 61:21-38. [PMID: 19287524 PMCID: PMC2610310 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2008.61.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Using media with low water activity, a large numbers of aureobasidium-like black yeasts were isolated from glacial and subglacial ice of three polythermal glaciers from the coastal Arctic environment of Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Spitsbergen), as well as from adjacent sea water, sea ice and glacial meltwaters. To characterise the genetic variability of Aureobasidium pullulans strains originating from the Arctic and strains originating pan-globally, a multilocus molecular analysis was performed, through rDNA (internal transcribed spacers, partial 28 S rDNA), and partial introns and exons of genes encoding beta-tubulin (TUB), translation elongation factor (EF1alpha) and elongase (ELO). Two globally ubiquitous varieties were distinguished: var. pullulans, occurring particularly in slightly osmotic substrates and in the phyllosphere; and var. melanogenum, mainly isolated from watery habitats. Both varieties were commonly isolated from the sampled Arctic habitats. However, some aureobasidium-like strains from subglacial ice from three different glaciers in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Spitsbergen), appeared to represent a new variety of A. pullulans. A strain from dolomitic marble in Namibia was found to belong to yet another variety. No molecular support has as yet been found for the previously described var. aubasidani. A partial elongase-encoding gene was successfully used as a phylogenetic marker at the (infra-)specific level.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zalar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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