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Luan Y, Wang Y, Liu C, Lv L, Xu A, Song Z. Effects of potassium monopersulfate on nitrification activity and bacterial community structure of sponge biocarrier biofilm in Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture system. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:3354-3366. [PMID: 37190965 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2215455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Effects of potassium monopersulfate (KMPS) on the nitrification activity, aquacultural water quality and bacterial community structure of sponge biocarriers with pre-cultured biofilm (SBBF) were analysed through shaking flask experiments and L. vannamei aquaculture experiments. Changes in the ammonia oxidation rate (AOR) and nitrite oxidation rate (NOR) of SBBF under six KMPS concentration treatments (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/L) were studied. The results showed that the AOR and NOR of SBBF treated with high concentrations of KMPS (3, 4 and 5 mg/L) were significantly lower than those of the control group (CK) (p < 0.05). However, compared with the first dosing of NH4Cl and NaNO2, the inhibition of AOR and NOR by KMPS on AOR and NOR was weakened after the second and third dosing times. That is, AOR and NOR can recover partially or completely over time. The L. vannamei aquaculture experiment was performed using four concentrations of KMPS (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg/L). The results showed that with increasing KMPS dosage, the average and peak concentrations of NH4+-N and NO2--N in each treatment significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the final body weight of shrimp significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore the highest dose (8.0 mg/L) of KMPS reduced the survival rate by 9.33% compared to the CK. High-throughput sequencing analysis of the biofilm structure showed that the relative abundances of Nitrospirota, Nitrosomonas and Nitrococcus, which are related to nitrogen cycling, and beneficial bacteria including Firmicutes and Bacilli decreased with the addition of KMPS (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhi Luan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineer and Pollution Remediation in Shandong Province, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineer and Pollution Remediation in Shandong Province, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineer and Pollution Remediation in Shandong Province, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Lv
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineer and Pollution Remediation in Shandong Province, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailing Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineer and Pollution Remediation in Shandong Province, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineer and Pollution Remediation in Shandong Province, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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Wen X, Cui L, Lin H, Zhu W, Shao Z, Wang Y. Comparison of nitrification performance in SBR and SBBR with response to NaCl salinity shock: Microbial structure and functional genes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118917. [PMID: 38636642 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia removal by nitrifiers at the extremely high salinity poses a great challenge for saline wastewater treatment. Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was conducted with a stepwise increase of salinity from 10 to 40 g-NaCl·L-1, while sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) with one-step salinity enhancement, their nitrification performance, microbial structure and interaction were evaluated. Both SBR and SBBR can achieve high-efficiency nitrification (98% ammonia removal) at 40 g-NaCl·L-1. However, SBBR showed more stable nitrification performance than SBR at 40 g-NaCl·L-1 after a shorter adaptation period of 4-15 d compared to previous studies. High-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis demonstrated that the abundance and capability of conventional ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (Nitrosomonas) were suppressed in SBBR relative to SBR. Gelidibacter, Anaerolineales were the predominant genus in SBBR, which were not found in SBR. NorB and nosZ responsible for reducing NO to N2O and reducing N2O to N2 respectively had s strong synergistic effect in SBBR. This study will provide a valuable reference for the startup of nitrification process within a short period of time under the extremely high NaCl salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhe Wen
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, 362251, Jinjiang, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Liang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Huali Lin
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, 362251, Jinjiang, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Wenqiang Zhu
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, 362251, Jinjiang, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Zongze Shao
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, 362251, Jinjiang, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Zhang Q, Liu H, Liang S, Chen W, Tan S, Yang C, Qin S, Long K. Comparison of moving bed biofilm reactor and bio-contact oxidation reactor start-up with heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria and activated sludge inoculation under high ammonia nitrogen conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130408. [PMID: 38295957 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
To overcome poor ammonia tolerance and removal performance of bio-contact oxidation (BCO) reactor inoculated with activated sludge for high-ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) chemical wastewater treatment, this study compared inoculating heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) bacteria in moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) with activated sludge inoculation in BCO reactor under simulated high NH4+-N conditions. Results revealed that MBBR achieved faster biofilm formation (20 days vs. 100 days for BCO) with notable advantages: 27.6 % higher total nitrogen (TN) and 29.9 % higher NH4+-N removal efficiency than BCO. Microbial analysis indicated optimal enrichment of the key nitrogen removal (NR) bacterium Alcaligenes, leading to increased expression of NR enzymes hydroxylamine reductase, ensuring the superior NR efficiency of the MBBR. Additionally, functional enzymes and genes analysis speculated that the NR pathway in MBBR was: NH4+-N → NH2OH → NO3--N → NO2--N → NO → N2O → N2. This research offers a practical and theoretical foundation for extending HN-AD bacteria-inoculated MBBR processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Siyu Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Wang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Senwen Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Shumin Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Kun Long
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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Németh A, Ainsworth J, Ravishankar H, Lens PNL, Heffernan B. Temperature dependence of nitrification in a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1114647. [PMID: 37168114 PMCID: PMC10165249 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1114647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) is a novel method for the biological treatment of wastewaters and has been successfully applied for nitrification. To improve the design and adaptation of MABR processes for colder climates and varying temperatures, the temperature dependence of a counter-diffusional biofilm's nitrification performance was investigated. A lab-scale MABR system with silicone hollow fibre membranes was operated at various temperatures between 8 and 30°C, and batch tests were performed to determine the ammonia oxidation kinetics. Biofilm samples were taken at 8 and 24°C and analysed with 16S rRNA sequencing to monitor changes in the microbial community composition, and a mathematical model was used to study the temperature dependence of mass transfer. A high nitrification rate (3.08 g N m-2 d-1) was achieved at 8°C, and temperature dependence was found to be low (θ = 1.024-1.026) compared to suspended growth processes. Changes in the community composition were moderate, Nitrospira defluvii remaining the most dominant species. Mass transfer limitations were shown to be largely responsible for the observed trends, consistent with other biofilm processes. The results show that the MABR is a promising technology for low temperature nitrification, and appropriate management of the mass transfer resistance can optimise the process for both low and high temperature operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Németh
- OxyMem Ltd., Athlone, Ireland
- *Correspondence: András Németh,
| | | | | | - Piet N. L. Lens
- Department of Microbiology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Chen X, Yuan C, Zhu Y, Liu H, Chen W, Zhang Q. Bioaugmentation with Acinetobacter sp. TAC-1 to enhance nitrogen removal in swine wastewater by moving bed biofilm reactor inoculated with bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127506. [PMID: 35750120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the performance of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) inoculated with heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) bacteria, bioaugmentation with Acinetobacter sp. TAC-1 was firstly employed and then the treatment performance for real swine wastewater was presented in this study. Results indicated that NH4+-N and TN removal rates of bioaugmented reactor were significantly improved from 16.53 mg/L/h and 16.15 mg/L/h to 24.58 mg/L/h and 24.45 mg/L/h, respectively. The efficient removal performance (NH4+-N 95.01%, TN 86.40%) for real swine wastewater was achieved within 24 h. Microbial analysis indicated that the composition of functional bacteria varied with the introduction of Acinetobacter sp. TAC-1, especially the abundance of Acinetobacter, Paracoccus and Rhodococcus related to the nitrogen removal. Furthermore, bioaugmentation with Acinetobacter sp. TAC-1 increased abundance of enzymes and functional genes (nirS, nirK and norZ) corresponding to denitrification that may be responsible for the enhanced nitrogen removal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China
| | - Chunbo Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China
| | - Yunan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China
| | - Wang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China.
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Fan J, Li W, Zhang B, Shi W, Lens PNL. Unravelling the biodegradation performance and mechanisms of acid orange 7 by aerobic granular sludge at different salinity levels. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 357:127347. [PMID: 35605778 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes wastewater is characterized by high-salinity, however, the biodegradation performance and mechanisms of azo dyes by aerobic granular sludge (AGS) under different salinity levels are still unclear. Herein, the results showed that the reactor performance was almost unaffected at low-salinity levels (0.5%-1.0% salinity), and the removal efficiency of acid orange 7 (AO7) was increased by 2.6%-19.1%, possibly due to the excessive secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the enrichment of functional bacteria. Nevertheless, the microbial cell viability was negatively affected by high-salinity level (2.0% salinity), leading to the deterioration of AO7 and nutrient removal efficiencies. The AO7 removal was achieved by rapid adsorption and slow biodegradation. The biodegradation pathway indicated that AO7 was gradually mineralized in the AGS system through desulfurization, deamination, decarboxylation and hydroxylation. Altogether, this work provides an important reference for the application of AGS technology for treating saline azo dye wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Fan
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Wenxin Shi
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2601 DA Delft, the Netherlands
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7
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Zahedi S, Gros M, Casabella O, Petrovic M, Balcazar JL, Pijuan M. Occurrence of veterinary drugs and resistance genes during anaerobic digestion of poultry and cattle manures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153477. [PMID: 35093343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, the mesophilic (35 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) biomethanization of poultry and cattle manures were investigated using biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests. Specific methane production (SMP), 24 pharmaceutical compounds (PhACs), and five antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (blaKPC, ermB, qnrS, sul1 and tetW) together with the microbial community were analyzed. Mesophilic BMP tests resulted in the highest SMP when poultry manure was used (285.5 mL CH4/g VSS with poultry vs 239.6 mL CH4/g VSS with cattle manure) while thermophilic temperatures led to the highest SMP with cattle manure (231.2 mL CH4/g VSS with poultry vs 238.0 mL CH4/g VSS with cattle manure). Higher removals of veterinary pharmaceuticals were detected at 55 °C with both manures indicating that thermophilic digestion is better suited for the removal of these compounds. Tylosin, tilmicosin, chlortetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole presented removals higher than 50%, being the first two completely removed under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. When comparing the relative abundance of ARGs at the end of each treatment, the most significant removal was found for qnrS which was not detected after the anaerobic treatment. The remaining ARGs did not suffer significant changes. Finally, microbial composition analysis showed that temperature affected the final microbial population more than the microorganisms present in the substrate or inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Zahedi
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Gros
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Oriol Casabella
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Balcazar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Maite Pijuan
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
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Liu C, Huang G, Song P, An C, Zhang P, Shen J, Ren S, Zhao K, Huang W, Xu Y, Zheng R. Treatment of decentralized low-strength livestock wastewater using microcurrent-assisted multi-soil-layering systems: performance assessment and microbial analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133536. [PMID: 34999101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Discharge of decentralized livestock wastewater without effective treatment has become a common problem in rural areas, threatening the regional water environment. A new microcurrent-assisted multi-soil-layering (MSL) system was developed for treating rural decentralized livestock wastewater. The results showed the highest removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) in MSL systems reached 95.45% and 92.0%, respectively. The removal rate of total nitrogen (TN) in MSL systems ranged from 60 to 75%. The bacterial diversity changes among MSL systems showed that high-level height of bottom submergence had a positive effect on the abundance of denitrifying bacteria, while low-level height of bottom submergence had a positive impact on the abundance of nitrifying bacteria. The effect of low-level external voltage on bacterial abundance was better than that of high-level external voltage. Both high- and low-level influent C/N ratios had no significant effect on bacterial abundance. The metabolism and activity of microorganisms were promoted with microcurrent stimulation from the perspective of increased bacterial abundance in MSL systems with improved treatment performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Guohe Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, China-Canada Center for Energy, Environment and Ecology Research, UR-BNU, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Environmental Systems Engineering Program, University of Regina, Regina, S4S 0A2, Canada.
| | - Pei Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Chunjiang An
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Environmental Systems Engineering Program, University of Regina, Regina, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jian Shen
- Environmental Systems Engineering Program, University of Regina, Regina, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Shaojie Ren
- China-Canada Center of Energy, Environment and Sustainability Research, UR-SDU, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Environmental Systems Engineering Program, University of Regina, Regina, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Wendy Huang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ye Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Rubing Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
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Wang H, Guo L, Ren X, Gao M, Jin C, Zhao Y, Ji J, She Z. Enhanced aerobic granular sludge by static magnetic field to treat saline wastewater via simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification (SPND) process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 350:126891. [PMID: 35217165 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Saline wastewater poses a threat to biological nitrogen removal. This study investigated whether and how static magnetic field (SMF) can improve the salt-tolerance of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in two simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification (SPND) reactors. Results confirmed that the SMF improved the mean size and settleability of granules, stimulated secretion of extracellular polymeric substances with high protein content, in turn enhancing the aerobic granulation. Although high salt stress inhibited functional microorganisms, the SMF maintained better SPND performance with average COD removal, TN removal and nitrite accumulation ratio finally recovering to 100%, 72.9% and 91.1% respectively. High throughput sequencing revealed that functional bacteria evolved from Paracoccus to halotolerant genera Xanthomarina, Thauera, Pseudofulvimonas and Azoarcus with stepwise increasing salinity. The enhanced salt-tolerance may be because the SMF promoted the activity of these halotolerant bacteria. Therefore, this study proposes an economic, effective and environmental biotechnology for saline wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hutao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Junyuan Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zonglian She
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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10
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Xu W, Geng CX, Hou ZQ, Liu S, Wang L, Shao L, Xu Y, Zhao HZ. High-gravity technology-enhanced activated sludge process for municipal wastewater treatment. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Chen Y, Hu T, Xiong W, Fan A, Wang S, Su H. Enhancing robustness of activated sludge with Aspergillus tubingensis as a protective backbone structure under high-salinity stress. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113302. [PMID: 34293671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High salt seriously destroys the stable interactions among key functional species of activated sludge, which in turn limits the performance of high-salinity wastewater biological treatment. In this study, pelletized Aspergillus tubingensis (AT) was used as a protective backbone structure for activated sludge under high-salinity stress, and a superior salt-tolerant AT-based aerobic granular sludge (AT-AGS) was developed. Results showed that the COD and NH4+-N removal efficiencies of salt-domesticated AT-AGS were 11.83% and 7.18% higher than those of salt-domesticated flocculent activated sludge (FAS) at 50 gNaCl/L salinity. Compared to the salt-domesticated FAS, salt-domesticated AT-AGS showed stronger biomass retention capacity (with a MLVSS concentration of 7.92 g/L) and higher metabolic activity (with a dehydrogenase activity of 48.06 mgTF/gVSS·h). AT modified the extracellular polymeric substances pattern of microbes, and the total extracellular polysaccharide content of AT-AGS (80.7 mg/gVSS) was nearly twice than that of FAS (46.3 mg/gVSS) after salt-domestication, which demonstrated that extracellular polysaccharide played a key role in keeping the system stable. The high-throughput sequencing analysis illustrated that AT contributed to maintain the microbial richness and diversity of AT-AGS in high-salt environment, and Marinobacterium (with a relative abundance of 32.04%) became the most predominant genus in salt-tolerant AT-AGS. This study provided a novel insight into enhancing the robustness of activated sludge under high-salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tenghui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Aili Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haijia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Chen X, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Zhao T. Response of wastewater treatment performance, microbial composition and functional genes to different C/N ratios and carrier types in MBBR inoculated with heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 336:125339. [PMID: 34082332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To operate the moving bed biofilm reactor inoculated with HN-AD bacteria (B-MBBR) instead of activated sludge for livestock and poultry breeding wastewater (LPBW) disposal in most efficient manner, nitrogen removal (NR) efficiency and microbial composition of two MBBRs with different carrier types under various C/N ratios were explored. Results indicated that the performance on NR greatly various in different carrier types under various C/N ratios. Attributing to the bacterial protection provided by the porous structure of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel, MBBR using PVA gel as the carrier exhibited a more stable NR performance (range from 78.05% to 83.76%) versus that using Kaldnes (K1) as the carrier (range from 78.05% to 83.76%). Besides, microbial analysis indicated that MBBR with PVA gel as the carrier is conducive to the growth of oligotrophic and HN-AD bacteria (Paracoccus and Acinetobacter), and the highest relative abundance was 16.37% at C/N ratio of 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China.
| | - Yunan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China
| | - Tiantao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China
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13
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Chen D, Wang Z, Zhang M, Wang X, Lu S. Effect of increasing salinity and low C/N ratio on the performance and microbial community of a sequencing batch reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1213-1224. [PMID: 31446846 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1660417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing salinity on the performance and microbial community structure in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating low C/N ratio wastewater. The SBR was subjected to a gradual increased salinity from 0 wt% to3.0 wt% under low Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)/N ratio, operating for 80 days. The study results indicated that high salinity decreased the removal efficiency of ammonium (NH4+-N) from 77.09% (1.0 wt%) to 45.7% (3.0wt%). The organic matter removal are not significantly affected by the high salinity. Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that the gradual increased salinity altered the overall bacterial community structure, and low salinity (1wt%) promoted the bacterial diversity, while high salinity (2 and 3 wt%) significantly decreased the bacterial diversity in low C/N ratio activated sludge system. Further analysis revealed that two genera related to nitrification process (unclassified-Nitrosomonadales and g-Nitrospira) were inhibited, while a genus related to organic removal (Piscicoccus) and three genera related to denitrification (Rodobacteraceae, Denitromonas and Hyphomicrobium) increased significantly at a salinity of 3 wt%. This study provides insights of shifts in the bacteria community under the stress of high salinity in low C/N ratio of activated sludge systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daying Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Environmental Material for Water Purification, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Environmental Material for Water Purification, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minglu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Environmental Material for Water Purification, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Wang S, Cui Y, Li A, Zhang W, Wang D, Chen Z, Liang J. Deciphering of organic matter and nutrient removal and bacterial community in three sludge treatment wetlands under different operating conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:110159. [PMID: 32090846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sludge treatment wetlands (STWs) can effectively stabilize sludge, but the microbial community structure in this process is not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of organic matter and nutrient removal and bacterial community in sludge treatment wetlands for treating sewage sludge. Three STWs units included unit STW1 with aeration tubes, unit STW2 with aeration tubes and reed planting and unit STW3 with reed planting. The degradation of organic matter and nutrient, sludge dewatering performance and microbial community dynamics in STWs were examined in feeding and resting periods. Our results showed that during the entire process of the experiment, total solids (TS) in STWs increased to 24-31%, volatile solids (VS) in STWs reduced to 43-47%, while the total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorous (TP) concentrations in STWs decreased to 25.1-35.5 mg/g d. w and 5.4-6.2 mg/g d. w. However, the removal efficiencies of organic matter and nutrient in STWs in the feeding period were higher than those in the resting period. Meanwhile, unit STW2 has the best removal performance in organic matter and nutrients during the whole experiment. Microbial community analysis using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology showed that growth of plants in STWs improved bacterial diversity and richness which corresponded to high removal rates of organic matter and nutrient. Besides, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that the bacterial community composition in STWs obviously altered between the feeding and the resting periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe Road West, Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dalian, 116600, China; School of Environment Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China; China-Arab Joint International Research Laboratory for Featured Resources and Environmental Governance in Arid Regions, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yubo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe Road West, Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dalian, 116600, China.
| | - Aimin Li
- School of Environment Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Environment Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhaobo Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Junyu Liang
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
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15
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Gao Y, Wang X, Li J, Lee CT, Ong PY, Zhang Z, Li C. Effect of aquaculture salinity on nitrification and microbial community in moving bed bioreactors with immobilized microbial granules. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122427. [PMID: 31784249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The novel immobilized microbial granules (IMG) shows a significant effect of nitrification for freshwater aquaculture. However, there is lack of evaluation study on the performance of nitrification at high salinity due to the concentration of recycled water or seawater utilization. A laboratory scale moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) with IMG was tested on recycled synthetic aquaculture wastewater for the nitrification at 2.5 mg/L NH3-N daily. The results indicated that IMG showed a high salinity tolerance and effectively converted ammonia to nitrate up to 92% at high salinity of 35.0 g/L NaCl. As salinity increased from near zero to 35.0 g/L, the microbial activity of nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB) in the IMG decreased by 86.32%. The microbial community analysis indicated that salinity significantly influenced the community structure. It was found that Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrospira sp. were the dominant genera for ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB) and NOB respectively at different salinity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshu Gao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xupeng Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jialun Li
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chew Tin Lee
- School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Ying Ong
- Innovation Center in Agritechnology For Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zhenjia Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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16
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Quartaroli L, Silva CM, Silva LCF, Lima HS, de Paula SO, Dias RS, Carvalho KB, Souza RS, Bassin JP, da Silva CC. Effect of the gradual increase of salt on stability and microbial diversity of granular sludge and ammonia removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 248:109273. [PMID: 31336338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Two sequential batch reactors were operated, aiming at forming aerobic granular sludge and studying the effects of the gradual increase of the NaCl concentration on the granule. structure and microbial diversity, and on the efficiency of ammonia removal. The reactors were fed with ammonia-enriched synthetic effluent and 5 g L-1 of NaCl per week were applied. A decrease in the size of the granules was observed until they were completely disintegrated as the salt concentration increased up to 10 g L-1. However, the ammonia removal efficiency remained high in all the salinities applied. By sequencing the 16S rRNA amplicon gene, the microbial community structure allowed the verification of the presence of several genera affiliated with the bacteria that perform both heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification, besides those involved in the conventional nitrification and denitrification and the ANAMMOX process. Salinity affected the microbial population related to the formation and stability of the granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Quartaroli
- Department of Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Cláudio Mudadu Silva
- Department of Forest Engineering, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Helena Santiago Lima
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Roberto Sousa Dias
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Karen Braathen Carvalho
- Department of Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - João Paulo Bassin
- Chemical Engineering Program - COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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17
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Wang S, Cui Y, Li A, Wang D, Zhang W, Chen Z. Seasonal dynamics of bacterial communities associated with antibiotic removal and sludge stabilization in three different sludge treatment wetlands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 240:231-237. [PMID: 30952043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, antibiotics removal, sludge stabilization and the change in the bacterial community in sludge treatment wetlands (STWs) were investigated in different seasons. Pilot-scale STWs were characterized for sludge stabilization and the fate of antibiotics in surplus sludge applied during different seasons in three different configurations. The three configurations were unit S1 with ventilation, unit S2 with ventilation and reed plantings and unit S3 with reed plantings. The antibiotics used were ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and oxytetracycline and their degradation, degree of sludge stabilization and bacterial community dynamics were monitored. The results showed that the removal of antibiotics and reduction in the amount of organics in the planted units S2 and S3 were higher than those in the unplanted unit S1, especially in summer. The antibiotic removal efficiency in the planted unit S2, which was equipped with aeration tubes, was the highest over the entire test period. Bacterial community was analyzed by IlluminaMiSeq sequencing of the 16SrRNA gene, showed that the presence of plants in STWs enhanced microbial diversity and richness which promote the removal of antibiotics and sludge stabilization. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were dominant in the bacterial communities, with Thiobacillus, Dechloromonas and Pseudomonas occurring as dominant genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Wang
- School of Environment Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China; College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yubo Cui
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China.
| | - Aimin Li
- School of Environment Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Environment Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Zhaobo Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
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18
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Díez-Vives C, Nielsen S, Sánchez P, Palenzuela O, Ferrera I, Sebastián M, Pedrós-Alió C, Gasol JM, Acinas SG. Delineation of ecologically distinct units of marine Bacteroidetes in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2846-2859. [PMID: 30830717 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacteroidetes is one of the dominant phyla of ocean bacterioplankton, yet its diversity and population structure is poorly understood. To advance in the delineation of ecologically meaningful units within this group, we constructed near full-length 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from contrasting marine environments in the NW Mediterranean. Based on phylogeny and the associated ecological variables (depth and season), 24 different Bacteroidetes clades were delineated. By considering their relative abundance (from iTag amplicon sequencing studies), we described the distribution patterns of each of these clades, delimiting them as Ecologically Significant Taxonomic Units (ESTUs). Spatially, there was almost no overlap among ESTUs at different depths. In deep waters there was predominance of Owenweeksia, Leeuwenhoekiella, Muricauda-related genera, and some depth-associated ESTUs within the NS5 and NS2b marine clades. Seasonally, multi-annual dynamics of recurring ESTUs were present with dominance of some ESTUs within the NS4, NS5 and NS2b marine clades along most of the year, but with variable relative frequencies between months. A drastic change towards the predominance of Formosa-related ESTUs and one ESTU from the NS5 marine clade was typically present after the spring bloom. Even though there are no isolates available for these ESTUs to determine their physiology, correlation analyses identified the environmental preference of some of them. Overall, our results suggest that there is a high degree of niche specialisation within these closely related clades. This work constitutes a step forward in disentangling the ecology of marine Bacteroidetes, which are essential players in organic matter processing in the oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Díez-Vives
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Life Sciences (Invertebrate Division), The Natural History Museum of London, London, UK
| | - Shaun Nielsen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pablo Sánchez
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oswaldo Palenzuela
- Department of Biology, Culture and Pathology of Marine Species, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Ribera de Cabanes, Spain
| | - Isabel Ferrera
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Fuengirola, Spain
| | - Marta Sebastián
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC, Telde, Spain
| | - Carlos Pedrós-Alió
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M Gasol
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Silvia G Acinas
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Jiang L, Chen X, Qin M, Cheng S, Wang Y, Zhou W. On-board saline black water treatment by bioaugmentation original marine bacteria with Pseudoalteromonas sp. SCSE709-6 and the associated microbial community. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:496-505. [PMID: 30469140 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To reduce fresh water load on ships, seawater can be used for toilet flushing on-board. And saline black water was treated on-site by bioaugmentation original marine bacteria with Pseudoalteromonas sp. SCSE709-6 (P. sp. SCSE709-6) to prevent marine pollution. In the batch experiments, P. sp. SCSE709-6 was effective in nutrient removal, which was not closely related to the amount of inoculation. In the on-board continuous experiments, the systems inoculated with P. sp. SCSE709-6 possessed excellent TP removal ability (removal rate: 80.93% for T3 and 88.39% for T4). The inoculum of P. sp. SCSE709-6 changed the microbial community structure and increased the similarity of microbial communities. P. sp. SCSE709-6 had a significant influence on the performance and microbial community of the systems. This study strongly proposes that the P. sp. SCSE709-6 is a promising alternative in saline black water treatment, which has great significance to the practice of on-board seawater flushing toilet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xi Chen
- 27 King's College Circle, Ontario, Toronto M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Min Qin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Shuhua Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yunxiao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Weizhi Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
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20
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Corsino SF, Capodici M, Di Pippo F, Tandoi V, Torregrossa M. Comparison between kinetics of autochthonous marine bacteria in activated sludge and granular sludge systems at different salinity and SRTs. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 148:425-437. [PMID: 30399557 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological nutrient removal performances and kinetics of autochthonous marine biomass in forms of activated sludge and aerobic granular sludge were investigated under different salinity and sludge retention time (SRT). Both the biomasses, cultivated from a fish-canning wastewater, were subjected to stepwise increases in salinity (+2 gNaCl L-1), from 30 gNaCl L-1 up to 50 gNaCl L-1 with the aim to evaluate the maximum potential in withstanding salinity by the autochthonous marine biomass. Microbial marine species belonging to the genus of Cryomorphaceae and of Rhodobacteraceae were found dominant in both the systems at the maximum salinity tested (50 gNaCl L-1). The organic carbon was removed with a yield of approximately 98%, irrespective of the salinity. Similarly, nitrogen removal occurred via nitritation-denitritation and was not affected by salinity. The ammonium utilization rate and the nitrite utilization rate were approximately of 3.60 mgNH4-N gVSS-1h-1 and 10.0 mgNO2-N gVSS-1h-1, respectively, indicating a high activity of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. The granulation process did not provide significant improvements in the nutrients removal process likely due to the stepwise salinity increase strategy. Biomass activity and performances resulted affected by long SRT (27 days) due to salt accumulation within the activated sludge flocs and granules. In contrast, a lower SRT (14 days) favoured the discharge of the granules and flocs with higher inert content, thereby enhancing the biomass renewing. The obtained results demonstrated that the use of autochthonous-halophilic bacteria represents a valuable solution for the treatment of high-strength carbon and nitrogen saline wastewater in a wide range of salinity. Besides, the stepwise increase in salinity and the operation at low SRT enabled high metabolic activity and to avoid excessive accumulation of salt within the biomass aggregates, limiting their physical destructuration due to the increase in loosely-bound exopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Fabio Corsino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Marco Capodici
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Pippo
- IRSA-CNR Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Via Salaria km 29.300, CP10 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Valter Tandoi
- IRSA-CNR Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Via Salaria km 29.300, CP10 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Torregrossa
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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21
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Chen Y, He H, Liu H, Li H, Zeng G, Xia X, Yang C. Effect of salinity on removal performance and activated sludge characteristics in sequencing batch reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:890-899. [PMID: 29145115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The removal performance, activated sludge characteristics and microbial community in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were studied at salinity ranging from 0 to 20 g/L. Results showed that salinity deteriorated the removal performance. Removal rate of ammonium (NH4+-N), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were gradually dropped from 95.34%, 93.58% and 94.88% (0 g/L) to 62.98%, 55.64% and 55.78% (20 g/L), respectively. The removals of NH4+-N and TP were mainly influenced during aerobic phase. Besides, salinity increased the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content of activated sludge, decreased the content of protein (PN) and loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) which led to better settleability of activated sludge. Moreover, salinity inhibited the dehydrogenase activity (DHA) of activated sludge. Sequence analysis illustrated Zoogloea and Thioclava were predominant at 0 and 20 g/L salinity, respectively. The difference of microbial community under high salinity was likely caused by the variation of richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Huijun He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Huiru Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xing Xia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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22
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Li E, Lu S. Denitrification processes and microbial communities in a sequencing batch reactor treating nanofiltration (NF) concentrate from coking wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:3289-3298. [PMID: 29236008 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A biological denitrifying process was employed for the treatment of nanofiltration (NF) concentrate with high conductivity, which was generated from coking wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The results showed that the average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate were 47.6%, 61.1% and 94.6%, respectively. Different microbial communities were identified by sequencing the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the MiSeq platform, showing that the most abundant bacterial phylum in the SBR system was Proteobacteria, with the subclasses β-Proteobacteria and α-Proteobacteria being dominant. The key microorganisms responsible for denitrification belonged to the genera Thauera, Hyphomicrobium, Methyloversatilis, Hydrogenophaga, Ignavibacterium, Rubrivivax and Parvibaculum. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the absolute abundance of microbial genera, using 16S rRNAs and denitrifying genes such as narG, nirS, nirK, nosZ, in both SBR start-up and stable operation. The abundances of narG, nirK and nosZ were lower during stable operation than those during the start-up period. The abundance of nirS at a level of 104-105copies/ng in DNA was much higher than that of nirK, thus being the dominant functional gene in nitrite reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enchao Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China E-mail: ; Central Research Institute (R&D Center) Baoshan Iron & Steel CO., Ltd, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Shuguang Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China E-mail:
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Gonzalez-Silva BM, Rønning AJ, Andreassen IK, Bakke I, Cervantes FJ, Østgaard K, Vadstein O. Changes in the microbial community of an anammox consortium during adaptation to marine conditions revealed by 454 pyrosequencing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5149-5162. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tian H, Liu J, Feng T, Li H, Wu X, Li B. Assessing the performance and microbial structure of biofilms adhering on aerated membranes for domestic saline sewage treatment. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03755d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MABR for effective treatment of domestic saline sewage and its microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Tian
- College of Bioengineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning
- Chongqing Jiaotong University
- Chongqing 400074
- PR China
| | - Tengteng Feng
- Shandong Academy of Environmental Science
- Jinan 250013
- PR China
| | - Haifeng Li
- College of Bioengineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- PR China
| | - Baoan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
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25
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Zhang Y, Li B, Xu RX, Wang GX, Zhou Y, Xie B. Effects of pressurized aeration on organic degradation efficiency and bacterial community structure of activated sludge treating saline wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 222:182-189. [PMID: 27721095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of moderate pressure on organic matter removal efficiency and microbial population of activated sludge treating saline wastewater. The activated sludge was cultivated with a gradual increase of salt concentrations under gage pressure of 0.3MPa for 71days. Microbial diversities of activated sludge sampled in different stages of domestication were investigated by Illumina sequencing technology. Results showed that pressurized aeration could improve the treatment efficiency and the dehydrogenase activity (DHA) of activated sludge, especially at high salinity (35, 50gNaClL-1). Bacterial richness and community diversity of activated sludge in the pressurized reactor were significantly higher than those in the control reactor. Microbial population structures were quite different between the two reactors. More species originating from fresh wastewater biological treatment process would survive and remain in pressurized activated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Rui-Xiao Xu
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guo-Xiang Wang
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Biao Xie
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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26
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Bacterial diversity in the South Adriatic Sea during a strong, deep winter convection year. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:1715-26. [PMID: 25548042 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03410-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The South Adriatic Sea is the deepest part of the Adriatic Sea and represents a key area for both the Adriatic Sea and the deep eastern Mediterranean. It has a role in dense water formation for the eastern Mediterranean deep circulation cell, and it represents an entry point for water masses originating from the Ionian Sea. The biodiversity and seasonality of bacterial picoplankton before, during, and after deep winter convection in the oligotrophic South Adriatic waters were assessed by combining comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis and catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH). The picoplankton communities reached their maximum abundance in the spring euphotic zone when the maximum value of the chlorophyll a in response to deep winter convection was recorded. The communities were dominated by Bacteria, while Archaea were a minor constituent. A seasonality of bacterial richness and diversity was observed, with minimum values occurring during the winter convection and spring postconvection periods and maximum values occurring under summer stratified conditions. The SAR11 clade was the main constituent of the bacterial communities and reached the maximum abundance in the euphotic zone in spring after the convection episode. Cyanobacteria were the second most abundant group, and their abundance strongly depended on the convection event, when minimal cyanobacterial abundance was observed. In spring and autumn, the euphotic zone was characterized by Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria. Bacteroidetes clades NS2b, NS4, and NS5 and the gammaproteobacterial SAR86 clade were detected to co-occur with phytoplankton blooms. The SAR324, SAR202, and SAR406 clades were present in the deep layer, exhibiting different seasonal variations in abundance. Overall, our data demonstrate that the abundances of particular bacterial clades and the overall bacterial richness and diversity are greatly impacted by strong winter convection.
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Acinas SG, Ferrera I, Sarmento H, Díez-Vives C, Forn I, Ruiz-González C, Cornejo-Castillo FM, Salazar G, Gasol JM. Validation of a new catalysed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization probe for the accurate quantification of marine Bacteroidetes populations. Environ Microbiol 2014; 17:3557-69. [PMID: 24890225 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Catalysed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) is a powerful approach to quantify bacterial taxa. In this study, we compare the performance of the widely used Bacteroidetes CF319a probe with the new CF968 probe. In silico analyses and tests with isolates demonstrate that CF319a hybridizes with non-Bacteroidetes sequences from the Rhodobacteraceae and Alteromonadaceae families. We test the probes' accuracy in 37 globally distributed marine samples and over two consecutive years at the Blanes Bay Microbial Observatory (NW Mediterranean). We also compared the CARD-FISH data with the Bacteroidetes 16S rRNA gene sequences retrieved from 27 marine metagenomes from the TARA Oceans expedition. We find no significant differences in abundances between both approaches, although CF319a targeted some unspecific sequences and both probes displayed different abundances of specific Bacteroidetes phylotypes. Our results demonstrate that quantitative estimations by using both probes are significantly different in certain oceanographic regions (Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea and Arabian Sea) and that CF968 shows seasonality within marine Bacteroidetes, notably large differences between summer and winter that is overlooked by CF319a. We propose CF968 as an alternative to CF319a for targeting the whole Bacteroidetes phylum since it has better coverage, greater specificity and overall better quantifies marine Bacteroidetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia G Acinas
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, E-08003, Spain
| | - Isabel Ferrera
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, E-08003, Spain
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, E-08003, Spain.,Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Díez-Vives
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, E-08003, Spain
| | - Irene Forn
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, E-08003, Spain
| | - Clara Ruiz-González
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, E-08003, Spain.,Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Francisco M Cornejo-Castillo
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, E-08003, Spain
| | - Guillem Salazar
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, E-08003, Spain
| | - Josep M Gasol
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, E-08003, Spain
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Díez-Vives C, Gasol JM, Acinas SG. Spatial and temporal variability among marine Bacteroidetes populations in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Syst Appl Microbiol 2013; 37:68-78. [PMID: 24188570 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The abundance and structure of Bacteroidetes populations at diverse temporal and spatial scales were investigated in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. At a temporal scale, their relative abundance exhibited a marked seasonality, since it was higher in spring and decreased in winter. Similarly, Bacteroidetes community structure encompassed three main groups (winter, spring and summer-fall), which mimicked global bacterioplankton seasonality. At the spatial scale, relative abundances were similar in all surface samples along an inshore-offshore transect, but they decreased with depth. Analysis of the community structure identified four markedly different groups mostly related to different depths. Interestingly, seasonal changes in abundance and community structure were not synchronized. Furthermore, richness was higher when Bacteroidetes were less abundant. The variability of Bacteroidetes contributions to community structure in the temporal and spatial scales was correlated with different environmental factors: day length was the most important factor at the temporal scale, and salinity at the spatial scale. The community composition in terms of phylotypes changed significantly over time and along the depth gradients, but season or depth-specific phylogenetic clusters were not identified. Delineation of coherent Bacteroidetes sub-clusters should help to uncover higher resolution patterns within Bacteroidetes, and explore associations with environmental and biological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Díez-Vives
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), ES-08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Josep M Gasol
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), ES-08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Silvia G Acinas
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), ES-08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
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