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Yang Q, Zhang Y, Ahmad M, Ling J, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Dong J. Microbial community structure shifts and potential Symbiodinium partner bacterial groups of bleaching coral Pocillopora verrucosa in South China Sea. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:966-974. [PMID: 33774743 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The community structure of coral associated microorganisms will change greatly in coral bleaching. However, the relationship between specific bacteria groups and Symbiodinium, which is easy to be found in the bleaching process, has been ignored for a long time. In this study, the changes of coral microbial community during a natural bleaching event in the South China Sea were studied by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. The microbial community composition of bleached corals was significantly different from that of normal corals (P < 0.001). OTUs belong to Bacillus, Exiguobacterium, Oceanobacillus, Saccharibacteria and Ostreobiaceae was significantly increased in the bleaching corals. The relative abundance of 30.9% OTUS changed significantly during coral bleaching. The relative abundance of potential coral pathogenic groups was not significantly different between normal and bleaching corals. Symbiodinium positively correlated bacterial groups accounted for 6.9% and 4.3% in the normal corals and bleached corals, respectively. The dominated groups of potential Symbiodinium-partner bacteria are Lactococcus and Bacillus. The potential Symbiodinium-partner bacterial groups in bleached corals were significantly lower than that in the normal corals, which further showed their coexistence with Symbiodinium. This study provides insight into the role of potential Symbiodinium-partner bacterial groups in the coral bleaching process and supports the theory of beneficial microorganisms for corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Ling
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yanying Zhang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Junde Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301, Guangzhou, China.
- Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, 572000, Sanya, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, China.
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
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2
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The microbial profile of a tissue necrosis affecting the Atlantic invasive coral Tubastraea tagusensis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9828. [PMID: 33972618 PMCID: PMC8110780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Southwestern Atlantic rocky reef ecosystems are undergoing significant changes due to sun-corals (Tubastraea tagusensis and T. coccinea) invasion. At Búzios Island, on the northern coast of São Paulo State, where the abundance of T. tagusensis is particularly high, some colonies are displaying tissue necrosis, a phenomenon never reported for this invasive nor any other azooxanthellate coral species. Using next-generation sequencing, we sought to understand the relationship between T. tagusensis tissue necrosis and its microbiota. Thus, through amplicon sequencing, we studied both healthy and diseased coral colonies. Results indicate a wide variety of bacteria associated with healthy colonies and an even higher diversity associated with those corals presenting tissue necrosis, which displayed nearly 25% more microorganisms. Also, as the microbial community associated with the seven healthy colonies did not alter composition significantly, it was possible to verify the microbial succession during different stages of tissue necrosis (i.e., initial, intermediate, and advanced). Comparing the microbiome from healthy corals to those in early tissue necrosis suggests 21 potential pathogens, which might act as the promoters of such disease.
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3
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Zanotti AA, Gregoracci GB, Capel KCC, Kitahara MV. Microbiome of the Southwestern Atlantic invasive scleractinian coral, Tubastraea tagusensis. Anim Microbiome 2020; 2:29. [PMID: 33499978 PMCID: PMC7807860 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Commonly known as sun-coral, Tubastraea tagusensis is an azooxanthellate scleractinian coral that successfully invaded the Southwestern Atlantic causing significant seascape changes. Today it is reported to over 3500 km along the Brazilian coast, with several rocky shores displaying high substrate coverage. Apart from its singular invasiveness capacity, the documentation and, therefore, understanding of the role of symbiotic microorganisms in the sun-coral invasion is still scarce. However, in general, the broad and constant relationship between corals and microorganisms led to the development of co-evolution hypotheses. As such, it has been shown that the microbial community responds to environmental factors, adjustment of the holobiont, adapting its microbiome, and improving the hosts’ fitness in a short space of time. Here we describe the microbial community (i.e. Bacteria) associated with sun-coral larvae and adult colonies from a locality displaying a high invasion development. Results The usage of high throughput sequencing indicates a great diversity of Bacteria associated with T. tagusensis, with Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Firmicutes corresponding to the majority of the microbiome in all samples. However, T. tagusensis’ microbial core consists of only eight genera for colonies, and, within them, three are also present in the sequenced larvae. Overall, the microbiome from colonies sampled at different depths did not show significant differences. The microbiome of the larvae suggests a partial vertical transfer of the microbial core in this species. Conclusion Although diverse, the microbiome core of adult Tubastraea tagusensis is composed of only eight genera, of which three are transferred from the mother colony to their larvae. The remaining bacteria genera are acquired from the seawater, indicating that they might play a role in the host fitness and, therefore, facilitate the sun-coral invasion in the Southwestern Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Aparecida Zanotti
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Pontal do Paraná, Brazil. .,Centro de Biologia Marinha (CEBIMar), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Sebastião, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Bueno Gregoracci
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar (DCMar), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Visentini Kitahara
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Pontal do Paraná, Brazil.,Centro de Biologia Marinha (CEBIMar), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Sebastião, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências do Mar (DCMar), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
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4
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Chan WY, Peplow LM, Menéndez P, Hoffmann AA, Oppen MJH. The roles of age, parentage and environment on bacterial and algal endosymbiont communities in
Acropora
corals. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3830-3843. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing Yan Chan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science Townsville Qld Australia
- School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Lesa M. Peplow
- Australian Institute of Marine Science Townsville Qld Australia
| | - Patricia Menéndez
- Australian Institute of Marine Science Townsville Qld Australia
- Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, School of Mathematics and Physics Monash University Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Madeleine J. H. Oppen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science Townsville Qld Australia
- School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
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5
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Leite DCA, Salles JF, Calderon EN, van Elsas JD, Peixoto RS. Specific plasmid patterns and high rates of bacterial co-occurrence within the coral holobiont. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1818-1832. [PMID: 29435256 PMCID: PMC5792611 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of coral microbiomes for holobiont persistence, the interactions among these are not well understood. In particular, knowledge of the co-occurrence and taxonomic importance of specific members of the microbial core, as well as patterns of specific mobile genetic elements (MGEs), is lacking. We used seawater and mucus samples collected from Mussismilia hispida colonies on two reefs located in Bahia, Brazil, to disentangle their associated bacterial communities, intertaxa correlations, and plasmid patterns. Proxies for two broad-host-range (BHR) plasmid groups, IncP-1β and PromA, were screened. Both groups were significantly (up to 252 and 100%, respectively) more abundant in coral mucus than in seawater. Notably, the PromA plasmid group was detected only in coral mucus samples. The core bacteriome of M. hispida mucus was composed primarily of members of the Proteobacteria, followed by those of Firmicutes. Significant host specificity and co-occurrences among different groups of the dominant phyla (e.g., Bacillaceae and Pseudoalteromonadaceae and the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Vibrio) were detected. These relationships were observed for both the most abundant phyla and the bacteriome core, in which most of the operational taxonomic units showed intertaxa correlations. The observed evidence of host-specific bacteriome and co-occurrence (and potential symbioses or niche space co-dominance) among the most dominant members indicates a taxonomic selection of members of the stable bacterial community. In parallel, host-specific plasmid patterns could also be, independently, related to the assembly of members of the coral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah C. A. Leite
- Institute of MicrobiologyFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Joana F. Salles
- Genomics Research in Ecology and Evolution in Nature ‐ Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Emiliano N. Calderon
- NUPEM/MacaéFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Instituto Coral VivoSanta Cruz CabráliaBrazil
| | - Jan D. van Elsas
- Genomics Research in Ecology and Evolution in Nature ‐ Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Raquel S. Peixoto
- Institute of MicrobiologyFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- IMAM‐AquaRio – Rio Marine Aquarium Research CenterRio de JaneiroBrazil
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6
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Silveira CB, Cavalcanti GS, Walter JM, Silva-Lima AW, Dinsdale EA, Bourne DG, Thompson CC, Thompson FL. Microbial processes driving coral reef organic carbon flow. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:575-595. [PMID: 28486655 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are one of the most productive ecosystems on the planet, with primary production rates compared to that of rain forests. Benthic organisms release 10-50% of their gross organic production as mucus that stimulates heterotrophic microbial metabolism in the water column. As a result, coral reef microbes grow up to 50 times faster than open ocean communities. Anthropogenic disturbances cause once coral-dominated reefs to become dominated by fleshy organisms, with several outcomes for trophic relationships. Here we review microbial processes implicated in organic carbon flux in coral reefs displaying species phase shifts. The first section presents microbial players and interactions within the coral holobiont that contribute to reef carbon flow. In the second section, we identify four ecosystem-level microbial features that directly respond to benthic species phase shifts: community composition, biomass, metabolism and viral predation. The third section discusses the significance of microbial consumption of benthic organic matter to reef trophic relationships. In the fourth section, we propose that the 'microbial phase shifts' discussed here are conducive to lower resilience, facilitating the transition to new degradation states in coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia B Silveira
- Institute of Biology and COPPE/SAGE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, RJ 21941-599, Brazil.,Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanille Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Giselle S Cavalcanti
- Institute of Biology and COPPE/SAGE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, RJ 21941-599, Brazil.,Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanille Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Juline M Walter
- Institute of Biology and COPPE/SAGE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, RJ 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Arthur W Silva-Lima
- Institute of Biology and COPPE/SAGE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, RJ 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth A Dinsdale
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanille Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - David G Bourne
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University and Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Cristiane C Thompson
- Institute of Biology and COPPE/SAGE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, RJ 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Fabiano L Thompson
- Institute of Biology and COPPE/SAGE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, RJ 21941-599, Brazil
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7
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Somboonna N, Wilantho A, Monanunsap S, Chavanich S, Tangphatsornruang S, Tongsima S. Microbial communities in the reef water at Kham Island, lower Gulf of Thailand. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3625. [PMID: 28828243 PMCID: PMC5560237 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse habitats on Earth, but knowledge of their associated marinemicrobiome remains limited. To increase the understanding of the coral reef ecosystem in the lower Gulf of Thailand, this study utilized 16S and 18S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing to identify the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiota present in the reef water at Kham Island, Trat province, Thailand (N6.97 E100.86). The obtained result was then compared with the published microbiota from different coral reef water and marine sites. The coral reefs at Kham Island are of the fringe type. The reefs remain preserved and abundant. The community similarity indices (i.e., Lennon similarity index, Yue & Clayton similarity index) indicated that the prokaryotic composition of Kham was closely related to that of Kra, another fringing reef site in the lower Gulf of Thailand, followed by coral reef water microbiota at GS048b (Cooks Bay, Fr. Polynesia), Palmyra (Northern Line Islands, United States) and GS108b (Coccos Keeling, Australia), respectively. Additionally, the microbial eukaryotic populations at Kham was analyzed and compared with the available database at Kra. Both eukaryotic microbiota, in summer and winter seasons, were correlated. An abundance of Dinophysis acuminata was noted in the summer season, in accordance with its reported cause of diarrhoeatic shellfish outbreak in the summer season elsewhere. The slightly lower biodiversity in Kham than at Kra might reflect the partly habitat difference due to coastal anthropogenic activities and minor water circulation, as Kham locates close to the mainland and is surrounded by islands (e.g., Chang and Kut islands). The global marine microbiota comparison suggested relatively similar microbial structures among coral sites irrespective of geographical location, supporting the importance of coral-associated marine microbiomes, and Spearman’s correlation analysis between community membership and factors of shore distance and seawater temperature indicated potential correlation of these factors (p-values < 0.05) with Kham, Kra, and some other coral and coastal sites. Together, this study provided the second marine microbial database for the coral reef of the lower Gulf of Thailand, and a comparison of the coral-associated marine microbial diversity among global ocean sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naraporn Somboonna
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alisa Wilantho
- Genome Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Somchai Monanunsap
- Marine and Coastal Resources Research Center, Lower Gulf of Thailand, Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Suchana Chavanich
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- Genome Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- Genome Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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8
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Rubio-Portillo E, Santos F, Martínez-García M, de Los Ríos A, Ascaso C, Souza-Egipsy V, Ramos-Esplá AA, Anton J. Structure and temporal dynamics of the bacterial communities associated to microhabitats of the coral Oculina patagonica. Environ Microbiol 2017; 18:4564-4578. [PMID: 27690185 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Corals are known to contain a diverse microbiota that plays a paramount role in the physiology and health of holobiont. However, few studies have addressed the variability of bacterial communities within the coral host. In this study, bacterial community composition from the mucus, tissue and skeleton of the scleractinian coral Oculina patagonica were investigated seasonally at two locations in the Western Mediterranean Sea, to further understand how environmental conditions and the coral microbiome structure are related. We used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in combination with next-generation sequencing and electron microscopy to characterize the bacterial community. The bacterial communities were significantly different among coral compartments, and coral tissue displayed the greatest changes related to environmental conditions and coral health status. Species belonging to the Rhodobacteraceae and Vibrionaceae families form part of O. patagonica tissues core microbiome and may play significant roles in the nitrogen cycle. Furthermore, sequences related to the coral pathogens, Vibrio mediterranei and Vibrio coralliilyticus, were detected not only in bleached corals but also in healthy ones, even during cold months. This fact opens a new view onto unveiling the role of pathogens in the development of coral diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rubio-Portillo
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-García
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - Asunción de Los Ríos
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Carmen Ascaso
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | | | - Alfonso A Ramos-Esplá
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Marina (CIMAR), Universidad de Alicante-Ayuntamiento de Santa Pola, Alicante, Spain
| | - Josefa Anton
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain
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9
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Pereira LB, Palermo BRZ, Carlos C, Ottoboni LMM. Diversity and antimicrobial activity of bacteria isolated from different Brazilian coral species. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:4058407. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia B. Pereira
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, CP 6010, Campinas, S.P., Brazil
| | - Bruna R. Z. Palermo
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, CP 6010, Campinas, S.P., Brazil
| | - Camila Carlos
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, CP 6010, Campinas, S.P., Brazil
| | - Laura M. M. Ottoboni
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, CP 6010, Campinas, S.P., Brazil
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10
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Damjanovic K, Blackall LL, Webster NS, van Oppen MJH. The contribution of microbial biotechnology to mitigating coral reef degradation. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1236-1243. [PMID: 28696067 PMCID: PMC5609283 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The decline of coral reefs due to anthropogenic disturbances is having devastating impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Here we highlight the potential and challenges of microbial manipulation strategies to enhance coral tolerance to stress and contribute to coral reef restoration and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Damjanovic
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., 3010, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, Townsville MC, 4810, Qld, Australia
| | - Linda L Blackall
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., 3010, Australia
| | - Nicole S Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, Townsville MC, 4810, Qld, Australia.,Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., 3010, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, Townsville MC, 4810, Qld, Australia
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11
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Archaea in Natural and Impacted Brazilian Environments. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2016; 2016:1259608. [PMID: 27829818 PMCID: PMC5086508 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1259608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, archaeal diversity surveys have received increasing attention. Brazil is a country known for its natural diversity and variety of biomes, which makes it an interesting sampling site for such studies. However, archaeal communities in natural and impacted Brazilian environments have only recently been investigated. In this review, based on a search on the PubMed database on the last week of April 2016, we present and discuss the results obtained in the 51 studies retrieved, focusing on archaeal communities in water, sediments, and soils of different Brazilian environments. We concluded that, in spite of its vast territory and biomes, the number of publications focusing on archaeal detection and/or characterization in Brazil is still incipient, indicating that these environments still represent a great potential to be explored.
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12
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Viral and Bacterial Epibionts in Thermally-Stressed Corals. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse3041272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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13
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Tracy AM, Koren O, Douglas N, Weil E, Harvell CD. Persistent shifts in Caribbean coral microbiota are linked to the 2010 warm thermal anomaly. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 7:471-479. [PMID: 25683053 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The response of corals to warm temperature anomalies includes changes in coral bacterial assemblages. There are clear differences between the microbiota of bleached and healthy corals. However, few studies have tracked the microbiota of individual colonies throughout a warming event. We used 454 pyrosequencing and repeated measures to characterize bacterial assemblages in 15 Gorgonia ventalina colonies before, during, 4 months after, and 1 year after the 2010 Caribbean warm thermal anomaly. In the latter three sampling times, the G. ventalina microbiota differed significantly from the microbiota of Orbicella faveolata colonies, which were sampled only at these three times. O. faveolata microbiota did not exhibit coordinated shifts through time. Notably, the microbiota of the repeatedly sampled G. ventalina colonies shifted persistently from before to during, after, and long after the warming event. The same pattern emerges from the norm of reaction for the individual G. ventalina colonies. This is the first study to show persistent shifts in coral microbiota in association with a warm thermal anomaly. Whether shifting microbiota is adaptive or maladaptive, the lasting change in bacterial assemblages following this warming event identifies a new way that coral microbiota shape the response of coral colonies under thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Tracy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Omry Koren
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nancy Douglas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ernesto Weil
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - C Drew Harvell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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14
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Comparing bacterial community composition of healthy and dark spot-affected Siderastrea siderea in Florida and the Caribbean. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108767. [PMID: 25289937 PMCID: PMC4188562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral disease is one of the major causes of reef degradation. Dark Spot Syndrome (DSS) was described in the early 1990's as brown or purple amorphous areas of tissue on a coral and has since become one of the most prevalent diseases reported on Caribbean reefs. It has been identified in a number of coral species, but there is debate as to whether it is in fact the same disease in different corals. Further, it is questioned whether these macroscopic signs are in fact diagnostic of an infectious disease at all. The most commonly affected species in the Caribbean is the massive starlet coral Siderastrea siderea. We sampled this species in two locations, Dry Tortugas National Park and Virgin Islands National Park. Tissue biopsies were collected from both healthy colonies and those with dark spot lesions. Microbial-community DNA was extracted from coral samples (mucus, tissue, and skeleton), amplified using bacterial-specific primers, and applied to PhyloChip G3 microarrays to examine the bacterial diversity associated with this coral. Samples were also screened for the presence of a fungal ribotype that has recently been implicated as a causative agent of DSS in another coral species, but the amplifications were unsuccessful. S. siderea samples did not cluster consistently based on health state (i.e., normal versus dark spot). Various bacteria, including Cyanobacteria and Vibrios, were observed to have increased relative abundance in the discolored tissue, but the patterns were not consistent across all DSS samples. Overall, our findings do not support the hypothesis that DSS in S. siderea is linked to a bacterial pathogen or pathogens. This dataset provides the most comprehensive overview to date of the bacterial community associated with the scleractinian coral S. siderea.
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Bettarel Y, Bouvier T, Nguyen HK, Thu PT. The versatile nature of coral-associated viruses. Environ Microbiol 2014; 17:3433-9. [PMID: 25171444 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A recent hypothesis considers that many coral pathologies are the result of a sudden structural alteration of the epibiotic bacterial communities in response to environmental disturbances. However, the ecological mechanisms that lead to shifts in their composition are still unclear. In the ocean, viruses represent a major bactericidal agent but little is known on their occurrence within the coral holobiont. Recent reports have revealed that viruses are abundant and diversified within the coral mucus and therefore could be decisive for coral health. However, their mode of action is still unknown, and there is now an urgent need to shed light on the nature of the relationships they might have with the other prokaryotic and eukaryotic members of the holobiont. In this opinion letter, we are putting forward the hypothesis that coral-associated viruses (mostly bacterial and algal viruses), depending on the environmental conditions might either reinforce coral stability or conversely fasten their decline. We propose that these processes are presumably based on an environmentally driven shift in infection strategies allowing viruses to regulate, circumstantially, both coral symbionts (bacteria or Symbiodinium) and surrounding pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Bettarel
- UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Institute of Research for Development (IRD), CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Bouvier
- UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Institute of Research for Development (IRD), CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Pham The Thu
- Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, Haiphong, Vietnam
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Somboonna N, Wilantho A, Assawamakin A, Monanunsap S, Sangsrakru D, Tangphatsornruang S, Tongsima S. Structural and functional diversity of free-living microorganisms in reef surface, Kra island, Thailand. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:607. [PMID: 25037613 PMCID: PMC4223561 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coral reefs worldwide are being harmed through anthropogenic activities. Some coral reefs in Thailand remain well-preserved, including the shallow coral reefs along Kra island, Nakhon Si Thammarat province. Interestingly, the microbial community in this environment remains unknown. The present study identified biodiversity of prokaryotes and eukaryotes of 0.22-30 μm in sizes and their metabolic potentials in this coral reef surface in summer and winter seasons, using 16S and 18S rRNA genes pyrosequencing. Results The marine microbial profiles in summer and winter seasons comprised mainly of bacteria, in phylum, particular the Proteobacteria. Yet, different bacterial and eukaryotic structures existed between summer and winter seasons, supported by low Lennon and Yue & Clayton theta similarity indices (8.48-10.43% for 16S rRNA, 0.32-7.81% for 18S rRNA ). The topmost prokaryotic phylum for the summer was Proteobacteria (99.68%), while for the winter Proteobacteria (62.49%) and Bacteroidetes (35.88%) were the most prevalent. Uncultured bacteria in phyla Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, SAR406 and SBR1093 were absent in the summer. For eukaryotic profiles, species belonging to animals predominated in the summer, correlating with high animal activities in the summer, whereas dormancy and sporulation predominated in the winter. For the winter, eukaryotic plant species predominated and several diverse species were detected. Moreover, comparison of our prokaryotic databases in summer and winter of Kra reef surface against worldwide marine culture-independent prokaryotic databases indicated our databases to most resemblance those of coastal Sichang island, Chonburi province, Thailand, and the 3 tropical GOS sites close to Galapagos island (GS039, GS040 and GS045), in orderly. Conclusions The study investigated and obtained culture-independent databases for marine prokaryotes and eukaryotes in summer and winter seasons of Kra reef surface. The data helped understand seasonal dynamics of microbial structures and metabolic potentials of this tropical ecosystem, supporting the knowledge of the world marine microbial biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naraporn Somboonna
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Rubio-Portillo E, Souza-Egipsy V, Ascaso C, de Los Rios Murillo A, Ramos-Esplá AA, Antón J. Eukarya associated with the stony coral Oculina patagonica from the Mediterranean Sea. Mar Genomics 2014; 17:17-23. [PMID: 24950182 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Oculina patagonica is a putative alien scleractinian coral from the Southwest Atlantic that inhabits across the Mediterranean Sea. Here, we have addressed the diversity of Eukarya associated with this coral and its changes related to the environmental conditions and coral status. A total of 46 colonies of O. patagonica were taken from Alicante coast (Spain) and Pietra Ligure coast (Italy) and analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the small-subunit 18S rRNA and 16S plastid rRNA genes, internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS 2) analyses, and electron microscopy. Our results show that Eukarya and plastid community associated to O. patagonica change with environmental conditions and coral status. Cryptic species, which can be difficult to identify by optical methods, were distinguished by 18S rRNA gene DGGE: the barnacle Megatrema anglicum, which was detected at two locations, and two boring sponges related to Cliona sp. and Siphonodictyon coralliphagum detected in samples from Tabarca and Alicante Harbour, respectively. Eukaryotic phototrophic community from the skeletal matrix of healthy corals was dominated by Ochrosphaera sp. while bleached corals from the Harbour and Tabarca were associated to different uncultured phototrophic organism. Differences in ultrastructural morphologies of the zooxanthellae between healthy and bleached corals were observed. Nevertheless, no differences were found in Symbiodinium community among time, environments, coral status and location, showing that O. patagonica hosted only one genotype of Symbiodinium belonging to clade B2. The fact that this clade has not been previously detected in other Mediterranean corals and is more frequent in the tropical Western Atlantic, is a new evidence that O. patagonica is an alien species in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rubio-Portillo
- Dpto. Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Virginia Souza-Egipsy
- Servicio de Microscopía Electrónica, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias-CSIC, Serrano 115 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ascaso
- Dpto Biogeoquímica y Ecología Microbiana, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Serrano 115 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción de Los Rios Murillo
- Dpto Biogeoquímica y Ecología Microbiana, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Serrano 115 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso A Ramos-Esplá
- Dpto. Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain; Centro de Investigación Marina (CIMAR), Universidad de Alicante-Ayuntamiento de Santa Pola, Cabo de Santa Pola s/n, Alicante, Spain
| | - Josefa Antón
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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