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Kotsaridis K, Tsakiri D, Sarris PF. Understanding enemy's weapons to an effective prevention: common virulence effects across microbial phytopathogens kingdoms. Crit Rev Microbiol 2022:1-15. [PMID: 35709325 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2083939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Plant-pathogens interaction is an ongoing confrontation leading to the emergence of new diseases. The majority of the invading microorganisms inject effector proteins into the host cell, to bypass the sophisticated defense system of the host. However, the effectors could also have other specialized functions, which can disrupt various biological pathways of the host cell. Pathogens can enrich their effectors arsenal to increase infection success or expand their host range. This usually is accomplished by the horizontal gene transfer. Nowadays, the development of specialized software that can predict proteins structure, has changed the experimental designing in effectors' function research. Different effectors of distinct plant pathogens tend to fold alike and have the same function and focussed structural studies on microbial effectors can help to uncover their catalytic/functional activities, while the structural similarity can enable cataloguing the great number of pathogens' effectors. In this review, we collectively present phytopathogens' effectors with known enzymatic functions and proteins structure, originated from all the kingdoms of microbial plant pathogens. Presentation of their common domains and motifs is also included. We believe that the in-depth understanding of the enemy's weapons will help the development of new strategies to prevent newly emerging or re-emerging plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Panagiotis F Sarris
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Crete, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Crete, Greece.,Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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2
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Connolly JA, Harcombe WR, Smanski MJ, Kinkel LL, Takano E, Breitling R. Harnessing intercellular signals to engineer the soil microbiome. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:311-324. [PMID: 34850800 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: Focus on 2015 to 2020Plant and soil microbiomes consist of diverse communities of organisms from across kingdoms and can profoundly affect plant growth and health. Natural product-based intercellular signals govern important interactions between microbiome members that ultimately regulate their beneficial or harmful impacts on the plant. Exploiting these evolved signalling circuits to engineer microbiomes towards beneficial interactions with crops is an attractive goal. There are few reports thus far of engineering the intercellular signalling of microbiomes, but this article argues that it represents a tremendous opportunity for advancing the field of microbiome engineering. This could be achieved through the selection of synergistic consortia in combination with genetic engineering of signal pathways to realise an optimised microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Connolly
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - William R Harcombe
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Saint Paul, MN55108, USA.,Department of Evolution, and Behaviour, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities Saint Paul, MN55108, USA
| | - Michael J Smanski
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Saint Paul, MN55108, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Saint Paul, MN55108, USA
| | - Linda L Kinkel
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Saint Paul, MN55108, USA.,Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Eriko Takano
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Rainer Breitling
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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Thalassobacillus, a genus of extreme to moderate environmental halophiles with biotechnological potential. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:147. [PMID: 34363544 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thalassobacillus is a moderately halophilic genus that has been isolated from several sites worldwide, such as hypersaline lakes, saline soils, salt flats, and volcanic mud. Halophilic bacteria have provided functional stable biomolecules in harsh conditions for industrial purposes. Despite its potential biotechnological applications, Thalassobacillus has not been fully characterized yet. This review describes the Thalassobacillus genus, with the few species reported, pointing out its possible applications in enzymes (amylases, cellulases, xylanases, and others), biosurfactants, bioactive compounds, biofuels production, bioremediation, and plant growth promotion. The Thalassobacillus genus represents a little-explored biological resource but with a high potential.
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Frare R, Stritzler M, Pascuan C, Liebrenz K, Galindo-Sotomonte L, Soto G, Nikel PI, Ayub N. Elimination of GlnKAmtB affects serine biosynthesis and improves growth and stress tolerance of Escherichia coli under nutrient-rich conditions. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 367:6006877. [PMID: 33242092 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is a most important nutrient resource for Escherichia coli and other bacteria that harbor the glnKamtB operon, a high-affinity ammonium uptake system highly interconnected with cellular metabolism. Although this system confers an advantage to bacteria when growing under nitrogen-limiting conditions, little is known about the impact of these genes on microbial fitness under nutrient-rich conditions. Here, the genetically tractable E. coli BW25113 strain and its glnKamtB-null mutant (JW0441) were used to analyze the impact of GlnK-AmtB on growth rates and oxidative stress tolerance. Strain JW0441 showed a shorter initial lag phase, higher growth rate, higher citrate synthase activity, higher oxidative stress tolerance and lower expression of serA than strain BW25113 under nutrient-rich conditions, suggesting a fitness cost to increase metabolic plasticity associated with serine metabolism. The overexpression of serA in strain JW0441 resulted in a decreased growth rate and stress tolerance in nutrient-rich conditions similar to that of strain BW25113, suggesting that the negative influence on bacterial fitness imposed by GlnK-AmtB can be traced to the control of serine biosynthesis. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of glnKamtB mutants in bioproduction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Frare
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto de Genética (IGEAF), INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margarita Stritzler
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto de Genética (IGEAF), INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Pascuan
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto de Genética (IGEAF), INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karen Liebrenz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto de Genética (IGEAF), INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luisa Galindo-Sotomonte
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto de Genética (IGEAF), INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Soto
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto de Genética (IGEAF), INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Iván Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nicolás Ayub
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto de Genética (IGEAF), INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Brambilla S, Frare R, Stritzler M, Soto G, Berini C, Jozefkowicz C, Ayub N. Synthetic multi-antibiotic resistant plasmids in plant-associated bacteria from agricultural soils. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:113-116. [PMID: 32007617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Unlike higher organisms such as domestic animals and cultivated plants, which display a robust reproductive isolation and limited dispersal ability, microbes exhibit an extremely promiscuous gene flow and can rapidly disperse across the planet by multiple ways. Thus, microbial plasmids, including synthetic replicons, containing antibiotic resistance genes are a serious risk to public health. In this short communication, we explored the presence of synthetic elements in alfalfa symbionts (Ensifer meliloti strains) from agricultural soils. METHODS A total of 148 E. meliloti isolates from alfalfa plants growing under field conditions were collected from January 2015 to June 2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed under laboratory conditions. We identified five kanamycin-resistant E. meliloti strains (named K1-K5). Whole genome sequencing analysis and conjugations were used to identify and study the plasmids of K strains. RESULTS We found that the genomes of K strains contain ampicillin, kanamycin and tetracycline resistance genes, the reporter gene lacZ from Escherichia coli and multiple cloning sites. These sequences were found within <58-kb plasmids related to the self-transmissible IncP plasmid RP4 from human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conjugation experiments confirmed the ability of K strains to transfer antibiotic resistance via conjugation to the Pseudomonas background. CONCLUSION In addition to the traditional analysis of plant growth-promoting factors, the commercial deregulation of putative natural inoculants should also include genomic studies to ensure a reasonable balance between innovation and caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Brambilla
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina; Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CONICET-INTA, Argentina
| | - Romina Frare
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina; Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CONICET-INTA, Argentina
| | - Margarita Stritzler
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina; Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CONICET-INTA, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Soto
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina; Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CONICET-INTA, Argentina
| | - Carolina Berini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CABA, Argentina
| | - Cintia Jozefkowicz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina; Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CONICET-INTA, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Ayub
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina; Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CONICET-INTA, Argentina.
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