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Ozbayram EG, Kleinsteuber S, Sträuber H, Schroeder BG, da Rocha UN, Corrêa FB, Harms H, Nikolausz M. Three-domain microbial communities in the gut of Pachnoda marginata larvae: A comparative study revealing opposing trends in gut compartments. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13324. [PMID: 39143010 PMCID: PMC11324371 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the bacterial, methanogenic archaeal, and eukaryotic community structure in both the midgut and hindgut of Pachnoda marginata larvae using an amplicon sequencing approach. The goal was to investigate how various diets and the soil affect the composition of these three-domain microbial communities within the gut of insect larvae. The results indicated a notable variation in the microbial community composition among the gut compartments. The majority of the bacterial community in the hindgut was composed of Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae. Nocardiaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Lachnospiraceae were detected in midgut samples from larvae feeding on the leaf diet, whereas Sphingomonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Promicromonasporaceae dominated the bacterial community of midgut of larvae feeding on the straw diet. The diet was a significant factor that influenced the methanogenic archaeal and eukaryotic community patterns. The methanogenic communities in the two gut compartments significantly differed from each other, with the midgut communities being more similar to those in the soil. A higher diversity of methanogens was observed in the midgut samples of both diets compared to the hindgut. Overall, the microbiota of the hindgut was more host-specific, while the assembly of the midgut was more influenced by the environmental microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Gozde Ozbayram
- Department of Marine and Freshwater Resources Management, Faculty of Aquatic SciencesIstanbul UniversityFatih, IstanbulTurkey
| | - Sabine Kleinsteuber
- Department of Microbial BiotechnologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Heike Sträuber
- Department of Microbial BiotechnologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Bruna Grosch Schroeder
- Department of Microbial BiotechnologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Ulisses Nunes da Rocha
- Department of Applied Microbial EcologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Felipe Borim Corrêa
- Department of Applied Microbial EcologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Hauke Harms
- Department of Applied Microbial EcologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Marcell Nikolausz
- Department of Microbial BiotechnologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZLeipzigGermany
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Zhang B, Yang W, He Q, Chen H, Che B, Bai X. Analysis of differential effects of host plants on the gut microbes of Rhoptroceros cyatheae. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1392586. [PMID: 38962140 PMCID: PMC11221597 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1392586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As an indispensable part of insects, intestinal symbiotic bacteria play a vital role in the growth and development of insects and their adaptability. Rhoptroceros cyatheae, the main pest of the relict plant Alsophila spinulosa, poses a serious threat to the development of the A. spinulosa population. In the present study, 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to analyze the structure of intestinal microbes and the diversity of the insect feeding on two different plants, as well as the similarities between the intestinal microorganisms of R. cyatheae. The dominant bacteria of leaf endophytes were also compared based on the sequencing data. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla of intestinal bacteria, and Ascomycota was the dominant phylum of intestinal fungi. Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum, and Enterococcus were the dominant genera in the intestine of R. cyatheae feeding on two plants, and the relative abundance was significantly different between the two groups. Candida was the common dominant genus of intestinal fungi in the two groups, and no significant difference was observed in its abundance between the two groups. This showed that compared with the intestinal fungi of R. cyatheae, the abundance of the intestinal bacteria was greatly affected by food. The common core microbiota between the microorganisms in A. spinulosa leaves and the insect gut indicated the presence of a microbial exchange between the two. The network correlation diagram showed that the gut microbes of R. cyatheae feeding on Gymnosphaera metteniana were more closely related to each other, which could help the host to better cope with the adverse external environment. This study provides a theoretical basis for the adaptation mechanism of R. cyatheae and a new direction for the effective prevention and control of R. cyatheae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Weicheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qinqin He
- Guizhou Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Chishui, Guizhou, China
| | - Hangdan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bingjie Che
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Bai
- Guizhou Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Chishui, Guizhou, China
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Wang G, Wang X, Yang Z, Wang S, Li W, Shang S, Luo Y, Wang L. Effects of Fusarium solani on the Growth and Development of Anoplophora glabripennis Larvae. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 87:23. [PMID: 38159169 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Anoplophora glabripennis (Asian longhorned beetle) is a wood-boring pest that can inhabit a wide range of healthy deciduous host trees in native and non-native habitats. Lignocellulose degradation plays a major role in the acquisition of nutrients during the growth and development of A. glabripennis larvae. In this study, the lignocellulose degradation capacity of Fusarium solani, a fungal symbiont of A. glabripennis, was investigated in fermentation culture and in four host tree species. The impact of F. solani on larval growth and survival parameters was assessed. Fermentation culture demonstrated continuous and stable production of lignocellulolytic enzymes over the cultivation period. Furthermore, F. solani was able to degrade host tree lignocellulose, as shown by decreased soluble sugar and cellulose contents and an increase in protein content. No significant differences in larval survival were observed in larvae fed with or without F. solani. However, weight and head capsule width were higher in larvae fed on F. solani, and gut lignocellulose activities were elevated in fed larvae. Our results indicate a role for F. solani in the predigestion of lignocellulose during the colonization and parasitic stages of A. glabripennis larval development, and also the F. solani an important symbiotic partner to A. glabripennis, lowering barriers to colonization and development in a range of habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaijin Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zongji Yang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Senshan Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wenxing Li
- Jiayuguan City Forestry and Grassland Administration, Jiayuguan, 735000, Gansu, China
| | - Suqin Shang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Youqing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Sino-France Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Wang L, Li C, Luo Y, Wang G, Dou Z, Haq IU, Shang S, Cui M. Current and future control of the wood-boring pest Anoplophora glabripennis. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1534-1551. [PMID: 36944595 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Asian longhorn beetle (ALB) Anoplophora glabripennis is one of the most successful and most feared invasive insect species worldwide. This review covers recent research concerning the distribution of and damage caused by ALB, as well as major efforts to control and manage ALB in China. The distribution and destruction range of ALB have continued to expand over the past decade worldwide, and the number of interceptions has remained high. Detection and monitoring methods for the early discovery of ALB have diversified, with advances in semiochemical research and using satellite remote sensing in China. Ecological control of ALB in China involves planting mixtures of preferred and resistant tree species, and this practice can prevent outbreaks. In addition, strategies for chemical and biological control of ALB have achieved promising results during the last decade in China, especially the development of insecticides targeting different stages of ALB, and applying Dastarcus helophoroides and Dendrocopos major as biocontrol agents. Finally, we analyze recommendations for ALB prevention and management strategies based on native range and invasive area research. This information will hopefully help some invaded areas where the target is containment of ALB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunchun Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youqing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Sino-France Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing, China
| | - Gaijing Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Dou
- Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Inzamam Ui Haq
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Suqing Shang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingming Cui
- Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Mason CJ, Auth J, Geib SM. Gut bacterial population and community dynamics following adult emergence in pest tephritid fruit flies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13723. [PMID: 37607978 PMCID: PMC10444893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota are important contributors to insect success. Host-microbe interactions are dynamic and can change as hosts age and/or encounter different environments. A turning point in these relationships the transition from immature to adult life stages, particularly for holometabolous insects where there is radical restructuring of the gut. Improved knowledge of population and community dynamics of gut microbiomes upon adult emergence inform drivers of community assembly and physiological aspects of host-microbe interactions. Here, we evaluated the bacterial communities of the pest tephritid species melon fly (Zeugodacus cucurbitae) and Medditeranean fruit fly (medfly, Ceratitis capitata) associated with the pupae life stage and timepoints immediately following adult eclosion. We used a combination of culturing to determine cultivatable bacterial titers, qPCR to determine 16S-rRNA SSU copy numbers, and 16S V4 sequencing to determine changes in communities. Both culturing and qPCR revealed that fly bacterial populations declined upon adult emergence by 10 to 100-fold followed by recovery within 24 h following eclosion. Titers reached ~ 107 CFUs (~ 108 16S rRNA copies) within a week post-emergence. We also observed concurrent changes in amplicon sequence variance (ASVs), where the ASV composition differed overtime for both melon fly and medfly adults at different timepoints. Medfly, in particular, had different microbiome compositions at each timepoint, indicating greater levels of variation before stabilization. These results demonstrate that tephritid microbiomes experience a period of flux following adult emergence, where both biomass and the makeup of the community undergoes dramatic shifts. The host-microbe dynamics we document suggest plasticity in the community and that there may be specific periods where the tephritid gut microbiome may be pliable to introduce and establish new microbial strains in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Mason
- Tropical Pest Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Daniel K Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 64 Nowelo Street, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA.
| | - Jean Auth
- Tropical Pest Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Daniel K Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 64 Nowelo Street, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Scott M Geib
- Tropical Pest Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Daniel K Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 64 Nowelo Street, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
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Ge SX, Li JX, Jiang ZH, Zong SX, Ren LL. Cradle for the newborn Monochamus saltuarius: Microbial associates to ward off entomopathogens and disarm plant defense. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1165-1182. [PMID: 36377192 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus saltuarius, as a beetle vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine wood nematode), is an economically important forest pest in Eurasia. To feed on the phloem and xylem of conifers, M. saltuarius needs to overcome various stress factors, including coping with entomopathogenic bacteria and also various plant secondary compounds (PSCs). As an important adaptation strategy to colonize host trees, M. saltuarius deposit eggs in oviposition pits to shield their progeny. These pits harbor bacterial communities that are involved in the host adaptation of M. saltuarius to the conifers. However, the composition, origin, and functions of these oviposition pit bacteria are rarely understood. In this study, we investigated the bacterial community associated with M. saltuarius oviposition pits and their ability to degrade PSCs. Results showed that the bacterial community structure of M. saltuarius oviposition pits significantly differed from that of uninfected phloem. Also, the oviposition pit bacteria were predicted to be enriched in PSC degradation pathways. The microbial community also harbored a lethal strain of Serratia, which was significantly inhibited. Meanwhile, metatranscriptome analysis indicated that genes involved in PSCs degradation were expressed complementarily among the microbial communities of oviposition pits and secretions. In vitro degradation showed that bacteria cultured from oviposition pits degraded more monoterpenes and flavonoids than bacteria cultured from uninfected phloem isolates. Disinfection of oviposition pits increased the mortality of newly hatched larvae and resulted in a significant decrease in body weight in the early stages. Overall, our results reveal that M. saltuarius construct oviposition pits that harbor a diverse microbial community, with stronger PSCs degradation abilities and a low abundance of entomopathogenic bacteria, resulting in the increased fitness of newly hatched larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Xun Ge
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shi-Xiang Zong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University-French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University-French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Beijing, China
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Wang X, Wang H, Zeng J, Cui Z, Geng S, Song X, Zhang F, Su X, Li H. Distinct gut bacterial composition in Anoplophora glabripennis reared on two host plants. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1199994. [PMID: 37405158 PMCID: PMC10315502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1199994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) is an invasive wood borer pest that has caused considerable damage to forests. Gut bacteria are of great importance in the biology and ecology of herbivores, especially in growth and adaptation; however, change in the gut bacterial community of this pest feeding on different hosts is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the gut bacterial communities of A. glabripennis larvae fed on different preferred hosts, Salix matsudana and Ulmus pumila, using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 15 phyla, 25 classes, 65 orders, 114 families, 188 genera, and 170 species were annotated in the gut of A. glabripennis larvae fed on S. matsudana or U. pumila using a 97% similarity cutoff level. The dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and the core dominant genera were Enterococcus, Gibbsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella. There was significantly higher alpha diversity in the U. pumila group than in the S. matsudana group, and principal co-ordinate analysis showed significant differences in gut bacterial communities between the two groups. The genera with significant abundance differences between the two groups were Gibbsiella, Enterobacter, Leuconostoc, Rhodobacter, TM7a, norank, Rhodobacter, and Aurantisolimonas, indicating that the abundance of larval gut bacteria was affected by feeding on different hosts. Further network diagrams showed that the complexity of the network structure and the modularity were higher in the U. pumila group than in the S. matsudana group, suggesting more diverse gut bacteria in the U. pumila group. The dominant role of most gut microbiota was related to fermentation and chemoheterotrophy, and specific OTUs positively correlated with different functions were reported. Our study provides an essential resource for the gut bacteria functional study of A. glabripennis associated with host diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hualing Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jianyong Zeng
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Germplasm Resources and Protection of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zezhao Cui
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shilong Geng
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaofei Song
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Huiping Li
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Wang X, Wang H, Su X, Zhang J, Bai J, Zeng J, Li H. Dynamic changes of gut bacterial communities present in larvae of Anoplophora glabripennies collected at different developmental stages. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21978. [PMID: 36377756 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Asian long-horned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennies (Motschulsky), is a destructive wood-boring pest that is capable of killing healthy trees. Gut bacteria in the larvae of the wood-boring pest is essential for the fitness of hosts. However, little is known about the structure of the intestinal microbiome of A. glabripennies during larval development. Here, we used Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the larval intestinal bacterial communities of A. glabripennies at the stages of newly hatched larvae, 1st instar larvae and 4th instar larvae. Significant differences were found in larval gut microbial community structure at different larvae developmental stages. Different dominant genus was detected during larval development. Acinetobacter were dominant in the newly hatched larvae, Enterobacter and Raoultella in the 1st instar larvae, and Enterococcus and Gibbsiella in the 4th instar larvae. The microbial richness in the newly hatched larvae was higher than those in the 1st and 4th instar larvae. Many important functions of the intestinal microbiome were predicted, for example, fermentation and chemoheterotrophy functions that may play an important role in insect growth and development was detected in the bacteria at all tested stages. However, some specific functions are found to be associated with different development stages. Our study provides a theoretical basis for investigating the function of the intestinal symbiosis bacteria of A. glabripennies.
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Affiliation(s)
- XueFei Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
| | - HuaLing Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Hebei, China
| | - XiaoYu Su
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Hebei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
| | - JiaWei Bai
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
| | - JianYong Zeng
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Germplasm Resources and Protection of Hebei Province, Hebei, China
| | - HuiPing Li
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Hebei, China
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Du L, Xue H, Hu F, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhang K, Li D, Ji J, Niu L, Luo J, Cui J, Gao X. Dynamics of symbiotic bacterial community in whole life stage of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1050329. [PMID: 36532478 PMCID: PMC9751998 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1050329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacteria play critical roles in the reproduction, metabolism, physiology, and detoxification of their insect hosts. The ladybird beetle (Harmonia axyridis) harbors a myriad of endosymbiotic microbes. However, to date, little is known about how the microbial composition of H. axyridis varies throughout its life cycle. METHODS In this study, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR were employed to investigate the diversity and dynamics of bacterial symbionts across the egg, larval, pupae, and adults stages of H. axyridis. RESULTS Higher bacterial community richness and diversity were observed in eggs, followed by those in adults and pupae. The community richness index differed significantly between second-instar larvae and other developmental stages. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla. Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Glutamicibacter, and Acinetobacter were the dominant bacteria genera; however, their relative abundances fluctuated across host developmental stages. Interestingly, the larval stage harbored high proportions of Firmicutes, whereas the adult microbial community largely consisted of Proteobacteria. DISCUSSION This study is the first to determine the symbiotic bacterial composition across key life stages of H. axyridis. These outcomes can foster the development of environmental risk assessments and novel biological control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangmei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhou L, Chen C, Wang X. Gut Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Welsh Onion-producing Areas of North China. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1102-1114. [PMID: 35765845 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota play an important role in digestion, development, nutritional metabolism, and detoxification in insects. However, scant information exists on the gut bacterial variation, composition, and community structure of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), and how its gut microbiota has adapted to different geographical environments. Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, we detected 3,837,408 high-quality reads and 1,457 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in 47 gut samples of S. exigua collected from ten sites in northern China. Overall, we identified 697 bacterial genera from 30 phyla, among which Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most dominant phyla. Gut bacterial alpha-diversity metrics revealed significant differences among these populations. We detected the highest alpha bacterial diversity in Xinming, northern Liaoning Province, and the lowest bacterial diversity in Zhangwu, western Liaoning Province. Beta diversity indicated that the gut microbial community structure of S. exigua in Liaoning Province was significantly different from that of other populations. There was a similar microbial community structure among populations in the adjacent province, suggesting that the environment influences bacterial succession in this pest. Finally, PICRUSt analysis demonstrated that microbial functions closely associated with the gut microbiomes mainly included membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism and replication, and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhou
- Institute of Flower, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, P.R. China
| | - Xingya Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, P.R. China
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11
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Wang L, Li C, Wang X, Wang G, Shang S, Dou Z, Luo Y. Gut Lignocellulose Activity and Microbiota in Asian Longhorned Beetle and Their Predicted Contribution to Larval Nutrition. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:899865. [PMID: 35615502 PMCID: PMC9124977 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.899865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoplophora glabripennis (Asian longhorned beetle) is a wood-boring pest that can inhabit a wide range of healthy deciduous host trees in native and invaded areas. The gut microbiota plays important roles in the acquisition of nutrients for the growth and development of A. glabripennis larvae. Herein, we investigated the larval gut structure and studied the lignocellulose activity and microbial communities of the larval gut following feeding on different host trees. The larval gut was divided into foregut, midgut, and hindgut, of which the midgut is the longest, forming a single loop under itself. Microbial community composition and lignocellulose activity in larval gut extracts were correlated with host tree species. A. glabripennis larvae fed on the preferred host (Populus gansuensis) had higher lignocellulose activity and microbial diversity than larvae reared on either a secondary host (Salix babylonica) or a resistant host (Populus alba var. pyramidalis). Wolbachia was the most dominant bacteria in the gut of larvae fed on S. babylonica and P. alba var. pyramidalis, while Enterococcus and Gibbsiella were the most dominant in larvae fed on P. gansuensis, followed by Wolbachia. The lignocellulose-degrading fungus Fusarium solani was dominant in the larval gut fed on different host trees. Functional predictions of microbial communities in the larval gut fed on different resistant host trees suggested that they all play a role in degrading lignocellulose, detoxification, and fixing nitrogen, which likely contribute to the ability of these larvae to thrive in a broad range of host tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lixiang Wang,
| | - Chunchun Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gaijin Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Suqin Shang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Dou
- Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youqing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Sino-France Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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12
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Ren Z, Zhang Y, Cai T, Mao K, Xu Y, Li C, He S, Li J, Wan H. Dynamics of Microbial Communities across the Life Stages of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:1049-1058. [PMID: 34302509 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the composition of microorganismal communities hosted by insect pests is an important prerequisite for revealing their functions and developing new pest control strategies. Although studies of the structure of the microbiome of Nilaparvata lugens have been published, little is known about the dynamic changes in this microbiome across different developmental stages, and an understanding of the core microbiota is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes in bacteria and fungi in different developmental stages of N. lugens using high-throughput sequencing technology. We observed that the microbial diversity in eggs and mated adults was higher than that in nymphs and unmated adults. We also observed a notable strong correlation between fungal and bacterial α-diversity, which suggests that fungi and bacteria are closely linked and may perform functions collaboratively during the whole developmental period. Arsenophonus and Hirsutella were the predominant bacterial and fungal taxa, respectively. Bacteria were more conserved than fungi during the transmission of the microbiota between developmental stages. Compared with that in the nymph and unmated adult stages of N. lugens, the correlation between bacterial and fungal communities in the mated adult and egg stages was stronger. Moreover, the core microbiota across all developmental stages in N. lugens was identified, and there were more bacterial genera than fungal genera; notably, the core microbiota of eggs, nymphs, and mated and unmated adults showed distinctive functional enrichment. These findings highlight the potential value of further exploring microbial functions during different developmental stages and developing new pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Ren
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhua Zhang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingwei Cai
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Mao
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyue Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Wan
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Gao Y, Wu P, Cui S, Ali A, Zheng G. Divergence in gut bacterial community between females and males in the wolf spider
Pardosa astrigera. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8823. [PMID: 35432934 PMCID: PMC9005928 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex is one of the important factors affecting gut microbiota. As key predators in agroforestry ecosystem, many spider species show dramatically different activity habits and nutritional requirements between females and males. However, how sex affects gut microbiota of spiders remains unclear. Here, we compared the composition and diversity of gut bacteria between female and male Pardosa astrigera based on bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results showed that the richness of bacterial microbiota in female spiders was significantly lower than in male spiders (p < .05). Besides, β‐diversity showed a significant difference between female and male spiders (p = .0270). The relative abundance of Actinobacteriota and Rhodococcus (belongs to Actinobacteriota) was significantly higher in female than in male spiders (p < .05), whereas the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Acinetobacter (belongs to Proteobacteria) and Ruminococcus and Fusicatenibacter (all belong to Firmicutes) was significantly higher in male than in female spiders (p < .05). The results also showed that amino acid and lipid metabolisms were significantly higher in female than in male spiders (p < .05), whereas glycan biosynthesis and metabolism were significantly higher in male than in female spiders (p < .05). Our results imply that sexual variation is a crucial factor in shaping gut bacterial community in P. astrigera spiders, while the distinct differences of bacterial composition are mainly due to their different nutritional and energy requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- College of Life Sciences Shenyang Normal University Shenyang China
| | - Pengfeng Wu
- College of Life Sciences Shenyang Normal University Shenyang China
| | - Shuyan Cui
- College of Life Sciences Shenyang Normal University Shenyang China
| | - Abid Ali
- College of Life Sciences Shenyang Normal University Shenyang China
- Department of Entomology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Guo Zheng
- College of Life Sciences Shenyang Normal University Shenyang China
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14
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Franco FP, Túler AC, Gallan DZ, Gonçalves FG, Favaris AP, Peñaflor MFGV, Leal WS, Moura DS, Bento JMS, Silva-Filho MC. Fungal phytopathogen modulates plant and insect responses to promote its dissemination. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:3522-3533. [PMID: 34127802 PMCID: PMC8630062 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne plant pathogens often change host traits to manipulate vector behavior in a way that favors their spread. By contrast, infection by opportunistic fungi does not depend on vectors, although damage caused by an herbivore may facilitate infection. Manipulation of hosts and vectors, such as insect herbivores, has not been demonstrated in interactions with fungal pathogens. Herein, we establish a new paradigm for the plant-insect-fungus association in sugarcane. It has long been assumed that Fusarium verticillioides is an opportunistic fungus, where it takes advantage of the openings left by Diatraea saccharalis caterpillar attack to infect the plant. In this work, we show that volatile emissions from F. verticillioides attract D. saccharalis caterpillars. Once they become adults, the fungus is transmitted vertically to their offspring, which continues the cycle by inoculating the fungus into healthy plants. Females not carrying the fungus prefer to lay their eggs on fungus-infected plants than mock plants, while females carrying the fungus prefer to lay their eggs on mock plants than fungus-infected plants. Even though the fungus impacts D. saccharalis sex behavior, larval weight and reproduction rate, most individuals complete their development. Our data demonstrate that the fungus manipulates both the host plant and insect herbivore across life cycle to promote its infection and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia P. Franco
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil
| | - Amanda C. Túler
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil
| | - Diego Z. Gallan
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil
| | - Felipe G. Gonçalves
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil
| | - Arodí P. Favaris
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil
| | | | - Walter S. Leal
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Daniel S. Moura
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil
| | - José Maurício S. Bento
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil
| | - Marcio C. Silva-Filho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil
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15
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Malacrinò A. Host species identity shapes the diversity and structure of insect microbiota. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:723-735. [PMID: 34837439 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As for most of the life that inhabits our planet, microorganisms play an essential role in insect nutrition, reproduction, defence, and support their host in many other functions. More recently, we assisted to an exponential growth of studies describing the taxonomical composition of bacterial communities across insects' phylogeny. However, there is still an outstanding question that needs to be answered: Which factors contribute most to shape insects' microbiomes? This study tries to find an answer to this question by taking advantage of publicly available sequencing data and reanalysing over 4000 samples of insect-associated bacterial communities under a common framework. Results suggest that insect taxonomy has a wider impact on the structure and diversity of their associated microbial communities than the other factors considered (diet, sex, life stage, sample origin and treatment). However, when specifically testing for signatures of codiversification of insect species and their microbiota, analyses found weak support for this, suggesting that while insect species strongly drive the structure and diversity of insect microbiota, the diversification of those microbial communities did not follow their host's phylogeny. Furthermore, a parallel survey of the literature highlights several methodological limitations that need to be considered in the future research endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Malacrinò
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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16
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Hubert J, Nesvorna M, Green SJ, Klimov PB. Microbial Communities of Stored Product Mites: Variation by Species and Population. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:506-522. [PMID: 32852571 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod-associated microorganisms are important because they affect host fitness, protect hosts from pathogens, and influence the host's ability to vector pathogens. Stored product mites (Astigmata) often establish large populations in various types of food items, damaging the food by direct feeding and introducing contaminants, including their own bodies, allergen-containing feces, and associated microorganisms. Here we access the microbial structure and abundance in rearing diets, eggs, feces fraction, and mite bodies of 16 mite populations belonging to three species (Carpoglyphus lactis, Acarus siro, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae) using quantitative PCR and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing. The mite microbiomes had a complex structure dominated by the following bacterial taxa (OTUs): (a) intracellular symbionts of the genera Cardinium and Wolbachia in the mite bodies and eggs; (b) putative gut symbionts of the genera Solitalea, Bartonella, and Sodalis abundant in mite bodies and also present in mite feces; (c) feces-associated or environmental bacteria of the genera Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Kocuria in the diet, mite bodies, and feces. Interestingly and counterintuitively, the differences between microbial communities in various conspecific mite populations were higher than those between different mite species. To explain some of these differences, we hypothesize that the intracellular bacterial symbionts can affect microbiome composition in mite bodies, causing differences between microbial profiles. Microbial profiles differed between various sample types, such as mite eggs, bodies, and the environment (spent growth medium-SPGM). Low bacterial abundances in eggs may result in stochastic effects in parent-offspring microbial transmission, except for the intracellular symbionts. Bacteria in the rearing diet had little effect on the microbial community structure in SPGM and mite bodies. Mite fitness was positively correlated with bacterial abundance in SPGM and negatively correlated with bacterial abundances in mite bodies. Our study demonstrates critical host-microbe interactions, affecting all stages of mite growth and leading to alteration of the environmental microbiome. Correlational evidence based on absolute quantitation of bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies suggests that mite-associated microorganisms are critical for modulating important pest properties of mites by altering population growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hubert
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, CZ-161 06, Prague 6-Ruzyne, Czechia.
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, CZ-165 21, Prague 6-Suchdol, Czechia.
| | - Marta Nesvorna
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, CZ-161 06, Prague 6-Ruzyne, Czechia
| | - Stefan J Green
- Genome Research Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Pavel B Klimov
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Institute of Biology, University of Tyumen, Pirogova 3, 625043, Tyumen, Russia
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17
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Wan X, Jiang Y, Cao Y, Sun B, Xiang X. Divergence in Gut Bacterial Community Structure between Male and Female Stag Beetles Odontolabis fallaciosa (Coleoptera, Lucanidae). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122352. [PMID: 33317133 PMCID: PMC7764088 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intestinal microbiota play crucial roles for their hosts. Odontolabis fallaciosa shows striking sexual dimorphism and male trimorphism, which represents an interesting system to study their gut microbiota. We have compared the intestinal bacterial community structure between the two sexes and among three male morphs of O. fallaciosa. The gut bacterial community structure was significantly different between males and females. The females were associated with higher bacterial alpha-diversity relative to males. Large males had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and Firmicutes/Bacteroides (F/B) ratio, which contributed to nutritional efficiency. The results increased our understanding of beetle–bacterial interactions of O. fallaciosa between the two sexes, and among three male morphs, which might reveal the relationship among the gut microbiota, nutrition level, and phenotypic evolution of the stag beetle. Abstract Odontolabis fallaciosa (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) is a giant and popular stag beetle with striking sexual dimorphism and male trimorphism. However, little is known about their intestinal microbiota, which might play an indispensable role in shaping the health of their hosts. The aim of this study was to investigate the intestinal bacterial community structure between the two sexes and among three male morphs of O. fallaciosa from China using high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). The gut bacterial community structure was significantly different between males and females, suggesting that sex appeared to be the crucial factor shaping the intestinal bacterial community. Females had higher bacterial alpha-diversity than males. There was little difference in gut bacterial community structure among the three male morphs. However, compared to medium and small males, large individuals were associated with the higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and Firmicutes/Bacteroides (F/B) ratio, which might contribute to nutritional efficiency. Overall, these results might help to further our understanding of beetle–bacterial interactions of O. fallaciosa between the two sexes, and among the three male morphs.
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18
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Divergence in Gut Bacterial Community Among Life Stages of the Rainbow Stag Beetle Phalacrognathus muelleri (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11100719. [PMID: 33096611 PMCID: PMC7589407 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although stag beetles are popular saprophytic insects, there are few studies about their gut bacterial community. This study focused on the gut bacterial community structure of the rainbow stag beetle (i.e., Phalacrognathus muelleri) in its larvae (three instars) and adult stages, using high throughput sequencing (Illumina Miseq). Our aim was to compare the gut bacterial community structure among different life stages. The results revealed that bacterial alpha diversity increased from the 1st instar to the 3rd instar larvae. Adults showed the lowest gut bacterial alpha diversity. Bacterial community composition was significantly different between larvae and adults (p = 0.001), and 1st instar larvae (early instar) had significant differences with the 2nd (p= 0.007) and 3rd (p = 0.001) instar larvae (final instar). However, there was little difference in the bacterial community composition between the 2nd and 3rd instar larvae (p = 0.059). Our study demonstrated dramatic shifts in gut bacterial community structure between larvae and adults. Larvae fed on decaying wood and adults fed on beetle jelly, suggesting that diet is a crucial factor shaping the gut bacterial community structure. There were significant differences in bacterial community structure between early instar and final instars larvae, suggesting that certain life stages are associated with a defined gut bacterial community.
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19
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Wang ZL, Wang TZ, Zhu HF, Pan HB, Yu XP. Diversity and dynamics of microbial communities in brown planthopper at different developmental stages revealed by high-throughput amplicon sequencing. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:883-894. [PMID: 31612637 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome associated with brown planthopper (BPH) plays an important role in mediating host health and fitness. Characterization of the microbial community and its structure is prerequisite for understanding the intricate symbiotic relationships between microbes and host insect. Here, we investigated the bacterial and fungal communities of BPH at different developmental stages using high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Our results revealed that both the bacterial and fungal communities were diverse and dynamic during BPH development. The bacterial communities were generally richer than fungi in each developmental stage. At 97% similarly, 19 phyla and 278 genera of bacteria were annotated, while five fungal phyla comprising 80 genera were assigned. The highest species richness for the bacterial communities was detected in the nymphal stage. The taxonomic diversity of the fungal communities in female adults was generally at a relatively higher level when compared to other developmental stages. The most dominant phylum of bacteria and fungi at each developmental stage all belonged to Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, respectively. A significantly lower abundance of bacterial genus Acinetobacter was recorded in the egg stage when compared to other developmental stages, while the dominant fungal genus Wallemia was more abundant in the nymph and adult stages than in the egg stage. Additionally, the microbial composition differed between male and female adults, suggesting that the microbial communities in BPH were gender-dependent. Overall, our study enriches our knowledge on the microbial communities associated with BPH and will provide clues to develop potential biocontrol techniques against this rice pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Liang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Zhao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang-Feng Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Bo Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Wang ZL, Pan HB, Wu W, Li MY, Yu XP. The gut bacterial flora associated with brown planthopper is affected by host rice varieties. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:325-333. [PMID: 32940717 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays vital roles in the development, evolution and environmental adaptation of the host insects. The brown planthopper (BPH) is one of the most destructive pests of rice, but little is known about its gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated the gut bacterial communities in two BPH populations feeding on susceptible and resistant rice varieties by high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Our results revealed that the gut bacterial communities in BPH were species diverse. A total of 29 phyla and 367 genera were captured, with Proteobacteria and Acinetobacter being the most prominent phylum and genus, respectively. Comparative analysis showed that significant differences in the profile of gut bacterial communities existed between the two BPH populations. The species richness detected in the population feeding on the resistant rice variety was significantly higher than that in the population rearing on the susceptible rice variety. Although the most dominant gut bacteria at all taxonomic levels showed no significant differences between the two BPH populations, the relative abundances of two subdominant phyla (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) and two subdominant classes (Bacteroidia and Clostridia) were significantly different. FAPROTAX analysis further indicated that host rice varieties might induce changes of the gut bacterial flora in BPH, as significant differences in five metabolism-related functional categories (fermentation, methylotrophy, xylanolysis, nitrate reduction and ureolysis) were detected between the two BPH populations. Our results are informative for studies which focused on the interactions between BPH and its symbiotic microbes and could also provide the basis of future BPH biological management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Liang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu-Yu Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Chouaia B, Goda N, Mazza G, Alali S, Florian F, Gionechetti F, Callegari M, Gonella E, Magoga G, Fusi M, Crotti E, Daffonchio D, Alma A, Paoli F, Roversi PF, Marianelli L, Montagna M. Developmental stages and gut microenvironments influence gut microbiota dynamics in the invasive beetle Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:4343-4359. [PMID: 31502415 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a highly polyphagous invasive beetle originating from Japan. This insect is highly resilient and able to rapidly adapt to new vegetation. Insect-associated microorganisms can play important roles in insect physiology, helping their hosts to adapt to changing conditions and potentially contributing to an insect's invasive potential. Such symbiotic bacteria can be part of a core microbiota that is stably transmitted throughout the host's life cycle or selectively recruited from the environment at each developmental stage. The aim of this study was to investigate the origin, stability and turnover of the bacterial communities associated with an invasive population of P. japonica from Italy. Our results demonstrate that soil microbes represent an important source of gut bacteria for P. japonica larvae, but as the insect develops, its gut microbiota richness and diversity decreased substantially, paralleled by changes in community composition. Notably, only 16.75% of the soil bacteria present in larvae are maintained until the adult stage. We further identified the micro-environments of different gut sections as an important factor shaping microbiota composition in this species, likely due to differences in pH, oxygen availability and redox potential. In addition, P. japonica also harboured a stable bacterial community across all developmental stages, consisting of taxa well known for the degradation of plant material, namely the families Ruminococcacae, Christensenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Interestingly, the family Christensenallaceae had so far been observed exclusively in humans. However, the Christensenellaceae operational taxonomic units found in P. japonica belong to different taxonomic clades within this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bessem Chouaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nizar Goda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazza
- CREA-DC, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125, Cascine del Riccio, Florence, Italy
| | - Sumer Alali
- Dipartimento di Scienze e politiche ambientali (DESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Fiorella Florian
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Gionechetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Callegari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Gonella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Giulia Magoga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Fusi
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elena Crotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alberto Alma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesco Paoli
- CREA-DC, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125, Cascine del Riccio, Florence, Italy
| | - Pio Federico Roversi
- CREA-DC, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125, Cascine del Riccio, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Marianelli
- CREA-DC, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125, Cascine del Riccio, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Montagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
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22
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Hammer TJ, Moran NA. Links between metamorphosis and symbiosis in holometabolous insects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190068. [PMID: 31438811 PMCID: PMC6711286 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Many animals depend on microbial symbionts to provide nutrition, defence or other services. Holometabolous insects, as well as other animals that undergo metamorphosis, face unique constraints on symbiont maintenance. Microbes present in larvae encounter a radical transformation of their habitat and may also need to withstand chemical and immunological challenges. Metamorphosis also provides an opportunity, in that symbiotic associations can be decoupled over development. For example, some holometabolous insects maintain the same symbiont as larvae and adults, but house it in different tissues; in other species, larvae and adults may harbour entirely different types or numbers of microbes, in accordance with shifts in host diet or habitat. Such flexibility may provide an advantage over hemimetabolous insects, in which selection on adult-stage microbial associations may be constrained by its negative effects on immature stages, and vice versa. Additionally, metamorphosis itself can be directly influenced by symbionts. Across disparate insect taxa, microbes protect hosts from pathogen infection, supply nutrients essential for rebuilding the adult body and provide cues regulating pupation. However, microbial associations remain completely unstudied for many families and even orders of Holometabola, and future research will undoubtedly reveal more links between metamorphosis and microbiota, two widespread features of animal life. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of complete metamorphosis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobin J. Hammer
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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