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Zhao X, Hu X, Han J, Yin R, Zhang S, Liu H. Gut mycobiome: A "black box" of gut microbiome-host interactions. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1611. [PMID: 37157158 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fungi, being a necessary component of the gut microbiome, potentially have direct or indirect effects on the health and illness status of the host. The gut mycobiome is an inducer of the host's immunity, maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and protecting against infections, as well as a reservoir of opportunistic microorganisms and a potential cofactor when the host is immunocompromised. In addition, gut fungi interact with a diverse range of microbes in the intestinal niches. In this article, we reviewed the composition of gut mycobiome, their association with host health and illness, and summarized the specific Candida albicans-host interactions, in order to provide insights and directions for the ongoing study of fungi. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruopeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Koide RT. On Holobionts, Holospecies, and Holoniches: the Role of Microbial Symbioses in Ecology and Evolution. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:1143-1149. [PMID: 35396623 PMCID: PMC10167095 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
My goal in writing this is to increase awareness of the roles played by microbial symbionts in eukaryote ecology and evolution. Most eukaryotes host one or more species of symbiotic microorganisms, including prokaryotes and fungi. Many of these have profound impacts on the biology of their hosts. For example, microbial symbionts may expand the niches of their hosts, cause rapid adaptation of the host to the environment and re-adaptation to novel conditions via symbiont swapping, facilitate speciation, and fundamentally alter our concept of the species. In some cases, microbial symbionts and multicellular eukaryote hosts have a mutual dependency, which has obvious conservation implications. Hopefully, this contribution will stimulate a reevaluation of important ecological and evolutionary concepts including niche, adaptation, the species, speciation, and conservation of multicellular eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger T Koide
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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Heisel T, Johnson AJ, Gonia S, Dillon A, Skalla E, Haapala J, Jacobs KM, Nagel E, Pierce S, Fields D, Demerath E, Knights D, Gale CA. Bacterial, fungal, and interkingdom microbiome features of exclusively breastfeeding dyads are associated with infant age, antibiotic exposure, and birth mode. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1050574. [PMID: 36466688 PMCID: PMC9714262 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and function of early life gut bacterial communities (microbiomes) have been proposed to modulate health for the long term. In addition to bacteria, fungi (mycobiomes) also colonize the early life gut and have been implicated in health disorders such as asthma and obesity. Despite the potential importance of mycobiomes in health, there has been a lack of study regarding fungi and their interkingdom interactions with bacteria during infancy. The goal of this study was to obtain a more complete understanding of microbial communities thought to be relevant for the early life programming of health. Breastmilk and infant feces were obtained from a unique cohort of healthy, exclusively breastfeeding dyads recruited as part of the Mothers and Infants Linked for Healthy Growth (MILk) study with microbial taxa characterized using amplicon-based sequencing approaches. Bacterial and fungal communities in breastmilk were both distinct from those of infant feces, consistent with niche-specific microbial community development. Nevertheless, overlap was observed among sample types (breastmilk, 1-month feces, 6-month feces) with respect to the taxa that were the most prevalent and abundant. Self-reported antibacterial antibiotic exposure was associated with micro- as well as mycobiome variation, which depended upon the subject receiving antibiotics (mother or infant), timing of exposure (prenatal, peri- or postpartum), and sample type. In addition, birth mode was associated with bacterial and fungal community variation in infant feces, but not breastmilk. Correlations between bacterial and fungal taxa abundances were identified in all sample types. For infant feces, congruency between bacterial and fungal communities was higher for older infants, consistent with the idea of co-maturation of bacterial and fungal gut communities. Interkingdom connectedness also tended to be higher in older infants. Additionally, higher interkingdom connectedness was associated with Cesarean section birth and with antibiotic exposure for microbial communities of both breastmilk and infant feces. Overall, these results implicate infant age, birth mode, and antibiotic exposure in bacterial, fungal and interkingdom relationship variation in early-life-relevant microbiomes, expanding the current literature beyond bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Heisel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Abigail J. Johnson
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sara Gonia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Abrielle Dillon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Emily Skalla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jacob Haapala
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Katherine M. Jacobs
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Emily Nagel
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Stephanie Pierce
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - David Fields
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ellen Demerath
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Dan Knights
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Cheryl A. Gale
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Cheryl A. Gale,
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Tang W, Zhu H, Feng Y, Guo R, Wan D. The Impact of Gut Microbiota Disorders on the Blood-Brain Barrier. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:3351-3363. [PMID: 33061482 PMCID: PMC7532923 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s254403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is symbiotic with the human host and has been extensively studied in recent years resulting in increasing awareness of the effects of the gut microbiota on human health. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for the effects of gut microbes on the integrity of the cerebral blood-brain barrier (BBB), focusing on the pathogenic impact of gut microbiota disorders. Based on our description and summarization of the effects of the gut microbiota and its metabolites on the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems and related signaling pathways and the resulting destruction of the BBB, we suggest that regulating and supplementing the intestinal microbiota as well as targeting immune cells and inflammatory mediators are required to protect the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Department of Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifeng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wan
- Department of Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
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