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Roy C, Sen P, Vurimindi H. Kinetic modeling and experiments on removal of COD/nutrients from dairy effluent using chlorella and co-culture. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023:10.1007/s00449-023-02894-1. [PMID: 37338582 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
A sustainable and cost-effective approach of waste water management is biological treatment for reducing organic carbon, nitrate, and phosphate content. Co-culturing of algae with bacteria in wastewater leads to higher biomass yield and improvement in COD/nutrients removal compared to the single strain counterparts. In this study, a mathematical modeling framework is proposed to predict the dynamic behavior of microbial co-culture in dairy waste water. Initially, the model has been developed to predict the biomass growth and COD/nutrients removal with discrete cultures (algae and bacteria). As an extension of the single strain kinetic model, Lotka-Volterra model was formulated to explore the symbiotic relationship between algae and bacteria in a co-culture and the impact of the interactions on the COD/nutrients removal efficiency and growth dynamics. Supporting experiments were carried out in 6 parallel sets (3 sets with triplicates) with standalone algae (Chlorella vulgaris, CV), bacteria (activated sludge), and co-culture in real-time dairy liquid effluent in lab flasks and predicted values from modeling were validated against experimental findings. Statistical analysis confirms reasonably good agreement between the model predictions and experimental findings indicating a positive synergistic effect of the algae-bacterial co-culture on COD removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrima Roy
- Centre for Environment, University College of Engineering, Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500085, Telangana, India
| | - Pramita Sen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Heritage Institute of Technology, Chowbaga Road, Anandapur, Kolkata, 700107, West Bengal, India
| | - Himabindu Vurimindi
- Centre for Environment, University College of Engineering, Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500085, Telangana, India.
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Himi E, Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Matsushima Y, Shiono I, Aragane S, Hirano Y, Ikeda G, Kitaura Y, Kobayashi K, Konno D, Morohashi A, Noguchi Y, Ominato Y, Shinbo S, Suzuki N, Takatsuka K, Tashiro H, Yamada Y, Yamashita K, Yoshino N, Kitashima M, Kotani S, Inoue K, Hino A, Hosoya H. Establishment of an unfed strain of Paramecium bursaria and analysis of associated bacterial communities controlling its proliferation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1036372. [PMID: 36960277 PMCID: PMC10029143 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1036372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ciliate Paramecium bursaria harbors several hundred symbiotic algae in its cell and is widely used as an experimental model for studying symbiosis between eukaryotic cells. Currently, various types of bacteria and eukaryotic microorganisms are used as food for culturing P. bursaria; thus, the cultivation conditions are not uniform among researchers. To unify cultivation conditions, we established cloned, unfed strains that can be cultured using only sterile medium without exogenous food. The proliferation of these unfed strains was suppressed in the presence of antibiotics, suggesting that bacteria are required for the proliferation of the unfed strains. Indeed, several kinds of bacteria, such as Burkholderiales, Rhizobiales, Rhodospirillales, and Sphingomonadales, which are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen and/or degrade chemical pollutants, were detected in the unfed strains. The genetic background of the individually cloned, unfed strains were the same, but the proliferation curves of the individual P. bursaria strains were very diverse. Therefore, we selected multiple actively and poorly proliferating individual strains and compared the bacterial composition among the individual strains using 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial composition among actively proliferating P. bursaria strains was highly homologous but different to poorly proliferating strains. Using unfed strains, the cultivation conditions applied in different laboratories can be unified, and symbiosis research on P. bursaria will make great progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Himi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kibi International University, Minamiawaji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Matsushima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Iru Shiono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Aragane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yui Hirano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gaku Ikeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitaura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daichi Konno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayata Morohashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yui Noguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Ominato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Soma Shinbo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naruya Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kurama Takatsuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitomi Tashiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoki Yamada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenya Yamashita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Natsumi Yoshino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kitashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Kotani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Inoue
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akiya Hino
- Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hosoya
- Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroshi Hosoya, ;
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Abinandan S, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Phenotypic changes in microalgae at acidic pH mediate their tolerance to higher concentrations of transition metals. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 2:100081. [PMID: 35028626 PMCID: PMC8714768 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-tolerant microalgae were grown at pH 3.5 and 6.7 in presence of heavy metals (HMs). HMs-induced phenotypic changes in microalgae were evaluated by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Higher HMs bioavailability affected microalgae more at pH 6.7 than pH 3.5. Acclimation of microalgal strains to acidic pH significantly alleviates HMs toxicity.
Acclimatory phenotypic response is a common phenomenon in microalgae, particularly during heavy metal stress. It is not clear so far whether acclimating to one abiotic stressor can alleviate the stress imposed by another abiotic factor. The intent of the present study was to demonstrate the implication of acidic pH in effecting phenotypic changes that facilitate microalgal tolerance to biologically excess concentrations of heavy metals. Two microalgal strains, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, were exposed to biologically excess concentrations of Cu (0.50 and 1.0 mg L‒1), Fe (5 and 10 mg L‒1), Mn (5 and 10 mg L‒1) and Zn (2, 5 and 10 mg L‒1) supplemented to the culture medium at pH 3.5 and 6.7. Chlorophyll autofluorescence and biochemical fingerprinting using FTIR-spectroscopy were used to assess the microalgal strains for phenotypic changes that mediate tolerance to metals. Both the strains responded to acidic pH by effecting differential changes in biochemicals such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Both the microalgal strains, when acclimated to low pH of 3.5, exhibited an increase in protein (< 2-fold) and lipid (> 1.5-fold). Strain MAS1 grown at pH 3.5 showed a reduction (1.5-fold) in carbohydrates while strain MAS3 exhibited a 17-fold increase in carbohydrates as compared to their growth at pH 6.7. However, lower levels of biologically excess concentrations of the selected transition metals at pH 6.7 unveiled positive or no effect on physiology and biochemistry in microalgal strains, whereas growth with higher metal concentrations at this pH resulted in decreased chlorophyll content. Although the bioavailability of free-metal ions is higher at pH 3.5, as revealed by Visual MINTEQ model, no adverse effect was observed on chlorophyll content in cells grown at pH 3.5 than at pH 6.7. Furthermore, increasing concentrations of Fe, Mn and Zn significantly upregulated the carbohydrate metabolism, but not protein and lipid synthesis, in both strains at pH 3.5 as compared to their growth at pH 6.7. Overall, the impact of pH 3.5 on growth response suggested that acclimation of microalgal strains to acidic pH alleviates metal toxicity by triggering physiological and biochemical changes in microalgae for their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, 515003, India
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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