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K Ca channel blockers increase effectiveness of the EGF receptor TK inhibitor erlotinib in non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549). Sci Rep 2021; 11:18330. [PMID: 34526525 PMCID: PMC8443639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a poor prognosis with a 5 year survival rate of only ~ 10%. Important driver mutations underlying NSCLC affect the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) causing the constitutive activation of its tyrosine kinase domain. There are efficient EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), but patients develop inevitably a resistance against these drugs. On the other hand, KCa3.1 channels contribute to NSCLC progression so that elevated KCa3.1 expression is a strong predictor of poor NSCLC patient prognosis. The present study tests whether blocking KCa3.1 channels increases the sensitivity of NSCLC cells towards the EGFR TKI erlotinib and overcomes drug resistance. mRNA expression of KCa3.1 channels in erlotinib-sensitive and -resistant NSCLC cells was analysed in datasets from Gene expression omnibus (GEO) and ArrayExpress. We assessed proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells. These (live cell-imaging) experiments were complemented by patch clamp experiments and Western blot analyses. We identified three out of four datasets comparing erlotinib-sensitive and -resistant NSCLC cells which revealed an altered expression of KCa3.1 mRNA in erlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells. Therefore, we evaluated the combined effect of erlotinib and the KCa3.1 channel inhibition with sencapoc. Erlotinib elicits a dose-dependent inhibition of migration and proliferation of NSCLC cells. The simultaneous application of the KCa3.1 channel blocker senicapoc increases the sensitivity towards a low dose of erlotinib (300 nmol/L) which by itself has no effect on migration and proliferation. Partial erlotinib resistance can be overcome by KCa3.1 channel blockade. The sensitivity towards erlotinib as well as the potentiating effect of KCa3.1 blockade is further increased by mimicking hypoxia. Our results suggest that KCa3.1 channel blockade may constitute a therapeutic concept for treating NSCLC and overcome EGFR TKI resistance. We propose that this is due to complementary mechanisms of action of both blockers.
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So JS, Kim H, Han KS. Mechanisms of Invasion in Glioblastoma: Extracellular Matrix, Ca 2+ Signaling, and Glutamate. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:663092. [PMID: 34149360 PMCID: PMC8206529 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.663092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant form of primary brain tumor with a median survival time of 14–16 months in GBM patients. Surgical treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy may help increase survival by removing GBM from the brain. However, complete surgical resection to eliminate GBM is almost impossible due to its high invasiveness. When GBM cells migrate to the brain, they interact with various cells, including astrocytes, neurons, endothelial cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). They can also make their cell body shrink to infiltrate into narrow spaces in the brain; thereby, they can invade regions of the brain and escape from surgery. Brain tumor cells create an appropriate microenvironment for migration and invasion by modifying and degrading the ECM. During those processes, the Ca2+ signaling pathway and other signaling cascades mediated by various ion channels contribute mainly to gene expression, motility, and invasion of GBM cells. Furthermore, GBM cells release glutamate, affecting migration via activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors in an autocrine manner. This review focuses on the cellular mechanisms of glioblastoma invasion and motility related to ECM, Ca2+ signaling, and glutamate. Finally, we discuss possible therapeutic interventions to inhibit invasion by GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seon So
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Gyeongju, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - Hyeono Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Gyeongju, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Han
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Gyeongju, Gyeongju, South Korea
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3
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Prediction of LncRNA-encoded small peptides in glioma and oligomer channel functional analysis using in silico approaches. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248634. [PMID: 33735310 PMCID: PMC7971536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a lethal malignant brain cancer, and many reports have shown that abnormalities in the behavior of water and ion channels play an important role in regulating tumor proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and differentiation. Recently, new studies have suggested that some long noncoding RNAs containing small open reading frames can encode small peptides and form oligomers for water or ion regulation. However, because the peptides are difficult to identify, their functional mechanisms are far from being clearly understood. In this study, we used bioinformatics methods to identify and evaluate lncRNAs, which may encode small transmembrane peptides in gliomas. Combining ab initio homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations, and free energy calculations, we constructed a predictive model and predicted the oligomer channel activity of peptides by identifying the lncRNA ORFs. We found that one key hub lncRNA, namely, DLEU1, which contains two smORFs (ORF1 and ORF8), encodes small peptides that form pentameric channels. The mechanics of water and ion (Na+ and Cl-) transport through this pentameric channel were simulated. The potential mean force of the H2O molecules along the two ORF-encoded peptide channels indicated that the energy barrier was different between ORF1 and ORF8. The ORF1-encoded peptide pentamer acted as a self-assembled water channel but not as an ion channel, and the ORF8 permeated neither ions nor water. This work provides new methods and theoretical support for further elucidation of the function of lncRNA-encoded small peptides and their role in cancer. Additionally, this study provides a theoretical basis for drug development.
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Peng F, Cai W, Li J, Li H. ClC-5 Downregulation Induces Osteosarcoma Cell Apoptosis by Promoting Bax and tBid Complex Formation. Front Oncol 2021; 10:556908. [PMID: 33614474 PMCID: PMC7892965 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.556908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor. Chloride (Cl-) channels-mediated Cl- movement plays an important role in regulating the functions of various cancer cells, but its role in osteosarcoma remains unclear. In this study, we found that ClC-5 was increased in osteosarcoma tissues compared with normal bone tissues. Patients with high ClC-5 expression showed poor overall survival relative to those patients with low ClC-5 expression. Higher ClC-5 expression and lower intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) were observed in osteosarcoma cells compared with normal osteoblasts. Lowering [Cl-]i increased the viability of osteosarcoma cells, which was markedly blocked by ClC-5 downregulation. Knockdown of ClC-5 significantly induced osteosarcoma cell apoptosis and increased the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol, concomitantly with cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP. The effect of ClC-5 downregulation on osteosarcoma cell apoptosis and viability was abolished by caspase-3 and caspase-9 inhibitors, but not caspase-8 inhibitor. Furthermore, ClC-5 inhibition promoted Bax translocation from cytosol to mitochondria. Immunoprecipitation showed that ClC-5 interacted with Bax and ClC-5 downregulation enhanced Bax and tBid complex formation. Collectively, we demonstrate that ClC-5 downregulation induces osteosarcoma cell apoptosis via mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway activation by promoting Bax and tBid association and subsequent Bax translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weisong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haohuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Zhao L, Zhu J, Gong J, Song N, Wu S, Qiao W, Yang J, Zhu M, Zhao J. Polyethylenimine-based theranostic nanoplatform for glioma-targeting single-photon emission computed tomography imaging and anticancer drug delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:143. [PMID: 33054757 PMCID: PMC7557081 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the deadliest brain cancer in adults because the blood–brain-barrier (BBB) prevents the vast majority of therapeutic drugs from entering into the central nervous system. The development of BBB-penetrating drug delivery systems for glioma therapy still remains a great challenge. In this study, we aimed to design and develop a theranostic nanocomplex with enhanced BBB penetrability and tumor-targeting efficiency for glioma single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and anticancer drug delivery. Results This multifunctional nanocomplex was manufactured using branched polyethylenimine (PEI) as a template to sequentially conjugate with methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG), glioma-targeting peptide chlorotoxin (CTX), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) for 99mTc radiolabeling on the surface of PEI. After the acetylation of the remaining PEI surface amines using acetic anhydride (Ac2O), the CTX-modified PEI (mPEI-CTX) was utilized as a carrier to load chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) in its interior cavity. The formed mPEI-CTX/DOX complex had excellent water dispersibility and released DOX in a sustainable and pH-dependent manner; furthermore, it showed targeting specificity and therapeutic effect of DOX toward glioma cells in vitro and in vivo (a subcutaneous tumor mouse model). Owing to the unique biological properties of CTX, the mPEI-CTX/DOX complex was able to cross the BBB and accumulate at the tumor site in an orthotopic rat glioma model. In addition, after efficient radiolabeling of PEI with 99mTc via DTPA, the 99mTc-labeled complex could help to visualize the drug accumulation in tumors of glioma-bearing mice and the drug delivery into the brains of rats through SPECT imaging. Conclusions These results indicate the potential of the developed PEI-based nanocomplex in facilitating glioma-targeting SPECT imaging and chemotherapy. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhou Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Gong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Qiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiqin Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meilin Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
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Inhibition of Radiation and Temozolomide-Induced Glioblastoma Invadopodia Activity Using Ion Channel Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102888. [PMID: 33050088 PMCID: PMC7599723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma accounts for approximately 40–50% of all primary brain cancers and is a highly aggressive cancer that rapidly disseminates within the surrounding normal brain. Dynamic actin-rich protrusions known as invadopodia facilitate this invasive process. Ion channels have also been linked to a pro-invasive phenotype and may contribute to facilitating invadopodia activity in cancer cells. The aim of our study was to screen ion channel-targeting drugs for their cytotoxic efficacy and potential anti-invadopodia properties in glioblastoma cells. We demonstrated that the targeting of ion channels in glioblastoma cells can lead to a reduction in invadopodia activity and protease secretion. Importantly, the candidate drugs exhibited a significant reduction in radiation and temozolomide-induced glioblastoma cell invadopodia activity. These findings support the proposed pro-invasive role of ion channels via invadopodia in glioblastoma, which may be ideal therapeutic targets for the treatment of glioblastoma patients. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and malignant type of primary brain cancer. The rapid invasion and dissemination of tumor cells into the surrounding normal brain is a major driver of tumor recurrence, and long-term survival of GBM patients is extremely rare. Actin-rich cell membrane protrusions known as invadopodia can facilitate the highly invasive properties of GBM cells. Ion channels have been proposed to contribute to a pro-invasive phenotype in cancer cells and may also be involved in the invadopodia activity of GBM cells. GBM cell cytotoxicity screening of several ion channel drugs identified three drugs with potent cell killing efficacy: flunarizine dihydrochloride, econazole nitrate, and quinine hydrochloride dihydrate. These drugs demonstrated a reduction in GBM cell invadopodia activity and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) secretion. Importantly, the treatment of GBM cells with these drugs led to a significant reduction in radiation/temozolomide-induced invadopodia activity. The dual cytotoxic and anti-invasive efficacy of these agents merits further research into targeting ion channels to reduce GBM malignancy, with a potential for future clinical translation in combination with the standard therapy.
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Du L, Xing Z, Tao B, Li T, Yang D, Li W, Zheng Y, Kuang C, Yang Q. Both IDO1 and TDO contribute to the malignancy of gliomas via the Kyn-AhR-AQP4 signaling pathway. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:10. [PMID: 32296044 PMCID: PMC7033114 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) initiate the first step of the kynurenine pathway (KP), leading to the transformation of L-tryptophan (Trp) into L-kynurenine (Kyn) and other downstream metabolites. Kyn is known as an endogenous ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Activation of AhR through TDO-derived Kyn is a novel mechanism to support tumor growth in gliomas. However, the role of IDO1 and IDO2 in this mechanism is still unknown. Herein, by using clinical samples, we found that the expression and activity of IDO1 and/or TDO (IDO1/TDO) rather than IDO2 were positively correlated with the pathologic grades of gliomas. The expression of IDO1/TDO rather than IDO2 was positively correlated with the Ki67 index and overall survival. The expression of IDO1/TDO was positively correlated with the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4), implying the potential involvement of IDO1/TDO in glioma cell motility. Mechanistically, we found that IDO1/TDO accounted for the release of Kyn, which activated AhR to promote cell motility via the Kyn-AhR-AQP4 signaling pathway in U87MG glioma cells. RY103, an IDO1/TDO dual inhibitor, could block the IDO1/TDO-Kyn-AhR-AQP4 signaling pathway and exert anti-glioma effects in GL261 orthotopic glioma mice. Together, our results showed that the IDO1/TDO-Kyn-AhR-AQP4 signaling pathway is a new mechanism underlying the malignancy of gliomas, and suggest that both IDO1 and TDO might be valuable therapeutic targets for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Du
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zikang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Bangbao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tianqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Weirui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuanting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chunxiang Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Xu ZZ, Chen QY, Deng SY, Zhang M, Tan CY, Yang Wang, Ma KT, Li L, Si JQ, Zhu LC. 17β-Estradiol Attenuates Neuropathic Pain Caused by Spared Nerve Injury by Upregulating CIC-3 in the Dorsal Root Ganglion of Ovariectomized Rats. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1205. [PMID: 31787875 PMCID: PMC6856564 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
17β-estradiol plays a role in pain sensitivity, analgesic drug efficacy, and neuropathic pain prevalence, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether voltage-gated chloride channel-3 (ClC-3) impacts the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain in ovariectomized (OVX) female Sprague Dawley rats that were divided into OVX, OVX + SNI, OVX + SNI + E2, OVX + SNI + E2 + DMSO (vehicle, dimethyl sulfoxide), or OVX + SNI + E2+Cltx (ClC-3-blocker chlorotoxin) groups. Changes in ClC-3 protein expression were monitored by western blot analysis. Behavioral testing used the paw withdrawal threshold to acetone irritation and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) to thermal stimulation. Immunofluorescence indicated the localization and protein expression levels of ClC-3. OVX + SNI + E2 rats were subcutaneously injected with 17β-estradiol once daily for 7 days; a sheathed tube was implanted, and chlorotoxin was injected for 4 days. Intrathecal Cltx to OVX and OVX + SNI rats was administered for 4 consecutive days (days 7–10 after SNI) to further determine the contribution of ClC-3 to neuropathic pain. Patch clamp technology in current clamp mode was used to measure the current threshold (rheobase) dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and the minimal current that evoked action potentials (APs) as excitability parameters. The mean number of APs at double-strength rheobase verified neuronal excitability. There was no difference in behaviors and ClC-3 expression after OVX. Compared with OVX + SNI rats, OVX + SNI + E2 rats showed a lower paw withdrawal threshold to the acetone stimulus, but the PWTL was not significantly different, indicating increased sensitivity to cold but not to thermal pain. Co-immunofluorescent data revealed that ClC-3 was mainly distributed in A- and C-type nociceptive neurons, especially in medium/small-sized neurons. 17β-estradiol administration was associated with increased expression of ClC-3. 17β-estradiol-induced increase in ClC-3 expression was blocked by co-administration of Cltx. Cltx causes hyperalgesia and decreased expression of ClC-3 in OVX rats. Patch clamp results suggested that 17β-estradiol attenuated the excitability of neurons induced by SNI by up-regulating the expression of ClC-3 in the DRG of OVX rats. 17β-estradiol administration significantly improved cold allodynia thresholds in OVX rats with SNI. The mechanism for this decreased sensitivity may be related to the upregulation of ClC-3 expression in the DRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Qin-Yi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Shi-Yu Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao-Yang Tan
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Ke-Tao Ma
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Cang Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
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Thompson EG, Sontheimer H. Acetylcholine Receptor Activation as a Modulator of Glioblastoma Invasion. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101203. [PMID: 31590360 PMCID: PMC6829263 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Grade IV astrocytomas, or glioblastomas (GBMs), are the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. The median GBM patient survival of 12–15 months has remained stagnant, in spite of treatment strategies, making GBMs a tremendous challenge clinically. This is at least in part due to the complex interaction of GBM cells with the brain microenvironment and their tendency to aggressively infiltrate normal brain tissue. GBMs frequently invade supratentorial brain regions that are richly innervated by neurotransmitter projections, most notably acetylcholine (ACh). Here, we asked whether ACh signaling influences the biology of GBMs. We examined the expression and function of known ACh receptors (AChRs) in large GBM datasets, as well as, human GBM cell lines and patient-derived xenograft lines. Using RNA-Seq data from the “The Cancer Genome Atlas” (TCGA), we confirmed the expression of AChRs and demonstrated the functionality of these receptors in GBM cells with time-lapse calcium imaging. AChR activation did not alter cell proliferation or migration, however, it significantly increased cell invasion through complex extracellular matrices. This was due to the enhanced activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) from GBM cells, which we found to be dependent on an intracellular calcium-dependent mechanism. Consistent with these findings, AChRs were significantly upregulated in regions of GBM infiltration in situ (Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project) and elevated expression of muscarinic AChR M3 correlated with reduced patient survival (TCGA). Data from the Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT) dataset also showed the co-expression of choline transporters, choline acetyltransferase, and vesicular acetylcholine transporters, suggesting that GBMs express all the proteins required for ACh synthesis and release. These findings identify ACh as a modulator of GBM behavior and posit that GBMs may utilize ACh as an autocrine signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Thompson
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer Center, Fralin Biomedical Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer Center, Fralin Biomedical Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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10
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Oliveira MN, Breznik B, Pillat MM, Pereira RL, Ulrich H, Lah TT. Kinins in Glioblastoma Microenvironment. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2019; 12:77-94. [PMID: 31420805 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-019-00229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumour progression involves interactions among various cancer cell clones, including the cancer stem cell subpopulation and exogenous cellular components, termed cancer stromal cells. The latter include a plethora of tumour infiltrating immunocompetent cells, among which are also immuno-modulatory mesenchymal stem cells, which by vigorous migration to growing tumours and susequent transdifferentiation into various types of tumour-residing stromal cells, may either inhibit or support tumour progression. In the light of the scarce therapeutic options existing for the most malignant brain tumour glioblastoma, mesenchymal stem cells may represent a promising novel tool for cell therapy, e.g. drug delivery vectors. Here, we review the increasing number of reports on mutual interactions between mesenchymal stem cells and glioblastoma cells in their microenvironment. We particularly point out two novel aspects: the different responses of cancer cells to their microenvironmental cues, and to the signalling by kinin receptors that complement the immuno-modulating cytokine-signalling networks. Inflammatory glioblastoma microenvironment is characterised by increasing expression of kinin receptors during progressive glioma malignancy, thus making kinin signalling and kinins themselves rather important in this context. In general, their role in tumour microenvironment has not been explored so far. In addition, kinins also regulate blood brain barrier-related drug transfer as well as brain tumour angiogenesis. These studies support the on-going research on kinin antagonists as candidates in the development of anti-invasive agents for adjuvant glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona N Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineus Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova, 39 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Micheli M Pillat
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineus Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineus Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineus Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Tamara T Lah
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Morishita K, Watanabe K, Ichijo H. Cell volume regulation in cancer cell migration driven by osmotic water flow. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2337-2347. [PMID: 31120184 PMCID: PMC6676112 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the most frequent cause of death for patients with cancer. The main current treatment for cancer metastasis is chemotherapy targeting cancer cells’ ability to proliferate. However, some types of cancer cells show resistance to chemotherapy. Recently, cancer cell migration has become the subject of interest as a novel target of cancer therapy. Cell migration requires many factors, such as the cytoskeleton, cell‐matrix adhesion and cell volume regulation. Here, we focus on cell volume regulation and the role of ion/water transport systems in cell migration. Transport proteins, such as ion channels, ion carriers, and aquaporins, are indispensable for cell volume regulation under steady‐state conditions and during exposure to osmotic stress. Studies from the last ~25 years have revealed that cell volume regulation also plays an important role in the process of cell migration. Water flow in accordance with localized osmotic gradients generated by ion transport contributes to the driving force for cell migration. Moreover, it has been reported that metastatic cancer cells have higher expression of these transport proteins than nonmetastatic cancer cells. Thus, ion/water transport proteins involved in cell volume regulation and cell migration could be novel therapeutic targets for cancer metastasis. In this review, after presenting the importance of ion/water transport systems in cell volume regulation, we discuss the roles of transport proteins in a pathophysiological context, especially in the context of cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Morishita
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Simone L, Pisani F, Mola MG, De Bellis M, Merla G, Micale L, Frigeri A, Vescovi AL, Svelto M, Nicchia GP. AQP4 Aggregation State Is a Determinant for Glioma Cell Fate. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2182-2194. [PMID: 30877104 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The glial water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) forms heterotetramers in the plasma membrane made of the M23-AQP4 and M1-AQP4 isoforms. The isoform ratio controls AQP4 aggregation into supramolecular structures called orthogonal arrays of particles (AQP4-OAP). The role of AQP4 aggregation into OAP in malignant gliomas is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that AQP4 aggregation/disaggregation into OAP influences the biology of glioma cells. Selective expression of the OAP-forming isoform M23-AQP4 (AQP4-OAP) triggered cell shape changes in glioma cells associated with alterations to the F-actin cytoskeleton that affected apoptosis. By contrast, expression of M1-AQP4 (AQP4-tetramers), which is unable to aggregate into OAP, ameliorated glioma cell invasiveness, improved cell migration, and increased methalloproteinase-9 activity. Two prolines (254 and 296) at the C-terminus tail were shown to be important in mediating the relationship between the actin cytoskeleton and AQP4-OAP and AQP4-tetramers. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that AQP4 aggregation state might be an important determinant in orienting glioma cells to persist or perish. AQP4 disaggregation may potentiate invasiveness potential, whereas AQP4 aggregation may activate the apoptotic path. This study shows a new perspective on the role of AQP4 in brain tumors not necessarily associated with edema formation but with AQP4 aggregation/disaggregation dynamics and their link with the actin cytoskeleton. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates how AQP4 aggregation influences plasma membrane dynamics to alter cell proliferation, invasiveness, migration, and apoptotic potential in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Simone
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Cancer Stem Cells Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesco Pisani
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics and Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria G Mola
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics and Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Manuela De Bellis
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics and Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Lucia Micale
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Antonio Frigeri
- School of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York, Bronx, New York
| | - Angelo L Vescovi
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Cancer Stem Cells Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics and Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, Bari, Italy.,National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia P Nicchia
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics and Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy. .,Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York, Bronx, New York
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13
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Gritsenko PG, Friedl P. Adaptive adhesion systems mediate glioma cell invasion in complex environments. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs216382. [PMID: 29991514 PMCID: PMC6104823 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse brain invasion by glioma cells prevents effective surgical or molecular-targeted therapy and underlies a detrimental outcome. Migrating glioma cells are guided by complex anatomical brain structures but the exact mechanisms remain poorly defined. To identify adhesion receptor systems and matrix structures supporting glioma cell invasion into brain-like environments we used 2D and 3D organotypic invasion assays in combination with antibody-, peptide- and RNA-based interference. Combined interference with β1 and αV integrins abolished the migration of U-251 and E-98 glioma cells on reconstituted basement membrane; however, invasion into primary brain slices or 3D astrocyte-based scaffolds and migration on astrocyte-deposited matrix was only partly inhibited. Any residual invasion was supported by vascular structures, as well as laminin 511, a central constituent of basement membrane of brain blood vessels. Multi-targeted interference against β1, αV and α6 integrins expressed by U-251 and E-98 cells proved insufficient to achieve complete migration arrest. These data suggest that mechanocoupling by integrins is relatively resistant to antibody- or peptide-based targeting, and cooperates with additional, as yet unidentified adhesion systems in mediating glioma cell invasion in complex brain stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo G Gritsenko
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030 Texas, USA
- Cancer Genomics Centre (CGC.nl), 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Modulation of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 by the pro-invasive miR-5096 in glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37681-37693. [PMID: 28445150 PMCID: PMC5514940 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir), and especially the barium-sensitive Kir4.1 encoded by KCNJ10, are key regulators of glial functions. A lower expression or mislocation of Kir4.1 is detected in human brain tumors. MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of ionic channels and associated neurologic disorders. Here, we analyze effects of miR-5096 on the Kir4.1 expression and function in two glioblastoma cell lines, U87 and U251. Using whole-cell patch-clamp and western-blot analysis, we show that cell loading with miR-5096 decreases the Kir4.1 protein level and associated K+ current. Cell treatment with barium, a Kir4.1 blocker, or cell loading of miR-5096 both increase the outgrowth of filopodia in glioma cells, as observed by time-lapse microscopy. Knocking-down Kir4.1 expression by siRNA transfection similarly increased both filopodia formation and invasiveness of glioma cells as observed in Boyden chamber assay. MiR-5096 also promotes the release of extracellular vesicles by which it increases its own transfer to surrounding cells, in a Kir4.1-dependent manner in U251 but not in U87. Altogether, our results validate Kir4.1 as a miR-5096 target to promote invasion of glioblastoma cells. Our data highlight the complexity of microRNA effects and the role of K+ channels in cancer.
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15
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Ru Q, Li WL, Xiong Q, Chen L, Tian X, Li CY. Voltage-gated potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine induces glioma cell apoptosis by reducing expression of microRNA-10b-5p. Mol Biol Cell 2018. [PMID: 29514931 PMCID: PMC5921578 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-02-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv channels) were associated with regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in tumor cells. Our previous study proved that the Kv channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in glioma. However, the precise mechanisms were not clear yet. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that act as key mediators in the progression of tumor, so the aim of this study was to investigate the role of miRNAs in the apoptosis-promoting effect of 4-AP in glioma cells. Using a microRNA array, we found that 4-AP altered the miRNA expression in glioma cells, and the down-regulation of miR-10b-5p induced by 4-AP was verified by real-time PCR. Transfection of miR-10b-5p mimic significantly inhibited 4-AP-induced caspases activation and apoptosis. Moreover, we verified that apoptosis-related molecule Apaf-1 was the direct target of miR-10b-5p. Furthermore, miR-10b-5p mimic significantly inhibited 4-AP-induced up-regulation of Apaf-1 and its downstream apoptosis-related proteins, such as cleaved caspase-3. In conclusion, Kv channel blocker 4-AP may exert its anti-tumor effect by down-regulating the expression of miR-10b-5p and then raised expression of Apaf-1 and its downstream apoptosis-related proteins. Current data provide evidence that miRNAs play important roles in Kv channels-mediated cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ru
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Wei-Ling Li
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xiang Tian
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Chao-Ying Li
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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16
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Thulborn KR. Quantitative sodium MR imaging: A review of its evolving role in medicine. Neuroimage 2018; 168:250-268. [PMID: 27890804 PMCID: PMC5443706 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in humans has promised metabolic information that can improve medical management in important diseases. This technology has yet to find a role in clinical practice, lagging proton MR imaging by decades. This review covers the literature that demonstrates that this delay is explained by initial challenges of low sensitivity at low magnetic fields and the limited performance of gradients and electronics available in the 1980s. These constraints were removed by the introduction of 3T and now ultrahigh (≥7T) magnetic field scanners with superior gradients and electronics for proton MR imaging. New projection pulse sequence designs have greatly improved sodium acquisition efficiency. The increased field strength has provided the expected increased sensitivity to achieve resolutions acceptable for metabolic interpretation even in small target tissues. Consistency of quantification of the sodium MR image to provide metabolic parametric maps has been demonstrated by several different pulse sequences and calibration procedures. The vital roles of sodium ion in membrane transport and the extracellular matrix will be reviewed to indicate the broad opportunities that now exist for clinical sodium MR imaging. The final challenge is for the technology to be supplied on clinical ≥3T scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Thulborn
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1801 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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17
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Brooks LJ, Parrinello S. Vascular regulation of glioma stem-like cells: a balancing act. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 47:8-15. [PMID: 28732340 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) are aggressive and therapy-resistant brain tumours driven by glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). GSC behaviour is controlled by the microenvironment, or niche, in which the cells reside. It is well-established that the vasculature is a key component of the GSC niche, which drives maintenance in the tumour bulk and invasion at the margin. Emerging evidence now indicates that the specific properties of the vasculature within these two regions impose different functional states on resident GSCs, generating distinct subpopulations. Here, we review these recent findings, focusing on the mechanisms that underlie GSC/vascular communication. We further discuss how plasticity enables GSCs to respond to vascular changes by interconverting bidirectionally between states, and address the therapeutic implications of this dynamic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J Brooks
- Cell Interactions and Cancer Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Simona Parrinello
- Cell Interactions and Cancer Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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18
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The Molecular and Phenotypic Basis of the Glioma Invasive Perivascular Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112342. [PMID: 29113105 PMCID: PMC5713311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are devastating brain cancers that have poor prognostic outcomes for their patients. Short overall patient survival is due to a lack of durable, efficacious treatment options. Such therapeutic difficulties exist, in part, due to several glioma survival adaptations and mechanisms, which allow glioma cells to repurpose paracrine signalling pathways and ion channels within discreet microenvironments. These Darwinian adaptations facilitate invasion into brain parenchyma and perivascular space or promote evasion from anti-cancer defence mechanisms. Ultimately, this culminates in glioma repopulation and migration at distances beyond the original tumour site, which is a considerable obstacle for effective treatment. After an era of failed phase II trials targeting individual signalling pathways, coupled to our increasing knowledge of glioma sub-clonal divergence, combinatorial therapeutic approaches which target multiple molecular pathways and mechanisms will be necessary for better treatment outcomes in treating malignant gliomas. Furthermore, next-generation therapy which focuses on infiltrative tumour phenotypes and disruption of the vascular and perivascular microenvironments harbouring residual disease cells offers optimism for the localised control of malignant gliomas.
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19
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Ma R, Mahadevappa R, Kwok HF. Venom-based peptide therapy: insights into anti-cancer mechanism. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100908-100930. [PMID: 29246030 PMCID: PMC5725072 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-year relative survival rate of all types of cancer has increased significantly over the past three decades partly due to the targeted therapy. However, still there are many targeted therapy drugs could play a role only in a portion of cancer patients with specific molecular alternation. It is necessary to continue to develop new biological agents which could be used alone and/or in combination with current FDA approved drugs to treat complex cancer diseases. Venom-based drugs have been used for hundreds of years in human history. Nevertheless, the venom-origin of the anti-cancer drug do rarely appear in the pharmaceutical market; and this is due to the fact that the mechanism of action for a large number of the venom drug such as venom-based peptide is not clearly understood. In this review, we focus on discussing some identified venom-based peptides and their anti-cancer mechanisms including the blockade of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis (hallmarks of cancer) to fulfill the gap which is hindering their use in cancer therapy. Furthermore, it also highlights the importance of immunotherapy based on venom peptide. Overall, this review provides readers for further understanding the mechanism of venom peptide and elaborates on the need to explore peptide-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Ravikiran Mahadevappa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
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20
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Chai Z, Fan H, Li Y, Song L, Jin X, Yu J, Li Y, Ma C, Zhou R. miR-1908 as a novel prognosis marker of glioma via promoting malignant phenotype and modulating SPRY4/RAF1 axis. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2717-2726. [PMID: 29048686 PMCID: PMC5780024 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to be involved in the development of glioma. However, study on miRNAs in glioma is limited. The present study aimed to identify miRNAs which can act as potential novel prognostic markers for glioma and analyze its possible mechanism. We show that miR-1908 correlates with shorter survival time of glioma patients via promoting cell proliferation, invasion, anti-apoptosis and regulating SPRY4/RAF1 axis. Analysis of GEO and TCGA database found that miR-1908 was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues, and strongly associated with shorter survival time of glioma patients. Further Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that miR-1908 is mainly involved in regulating cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis. To further confirm the above results, in vitro, glioma U251 cells were transfected with miR-1908 mimics or inhibitor, and upregulated miR-1908 promoted U251 cell proliferation, and enhanced the ability of invasion by Transwell assay. In addition, upregulated miR-1908 also enhanced anti-apoptosis ability of U251 cells through decreasing pro-apoptosis protein Bax expression. Since miRNAs regulate numerous biological processes by targeting broad set of messenger RNAs, validated target genes of miR-1908 in glioma were analyzed by TargetScan and miRTarBase databases. Among them SPRY4 was significantly decreased in glioma tissues and associated with short survival time, which was selected as the key target gene of miR-1908. Moreover, protein-protein interaction (PPI) showed that SPRY4 could interacted with pro-oncogene RAF1 and negatively correlated with RAF1 expression. Consistent with above analysis, in vitro, western blot analysis identified that miR-1908 upregulated significantly decreased SPRY4 expression and increased RAF1 expression. Hence, miR-1908 was correlated with poor prognosis of glioma via promoting cell proliferation, invasion, anti-apoptosis and regulating SPRF4/RAF1 axis. Our results elucidated the tumor promoting role of miR-1908 and established miR-1908 as a potential novel prognostic marker for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chai
- Basic Medical College/2011 Collaborative Innovation Center/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Huijie Fan
- Basic Medical College/2011 Collaborative Innovation Center/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Basic Medical College/2011 Collaborative Innovation Center/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Song
- Basic Medical College/2011 Collaborative Innovation Center/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jiezhong Yu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, P.R. China
| | - Cungen Ma
- Basic Medical College/2011 Collaborative Innovation Center/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Ran Zhou
- Basic Medical College/2011 Collaborative Innovation Center/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
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High expression of PCBP2 is associated with progression and poor prognosis in patients with glioblastoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:659-665. [PMID: 28787701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly(C)-binding protein 2 (PCBP2) has been found to have ambiguous functions in a variety of cancers. However, the specific biological function of PCBP2 and its mechanism in glioblastoma remain unclear. We investigated the expression of PCBP2 in 143 glioblastoma specimens to explore the linkage between PCBP2 expression and clinicopathological parameters as well as clinical significance. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of PCBP2 on glioblastoma progression were discussed in vitro. METHODS The transcriptional and translational levels of PCBP2 in 143 glioblastoma patients were detected by quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The association of prognostic outcomes and PCBP2 expression was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS PCBP2 expression was markedly increased in higher stages of glioblastoma compared with those in lower stages (P<0.001). High expression of PCBP2 was associated with higher clinical stage and histological grade (P<0.001). Further research suggested that PCBP2 upregulation was connected with poorer prognosis in patients with glioblastoma (P<0.001). Moreover, PCBP2 knockdown could significantly decreased the colony formation and invasion capability of glioblastoma cells (P<0.01). Conversely, PCBP2 overexpression could increase the colony formation and invasion capability (P<0.01). CONCLUSION These findings indicated that PCBP2 might be a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target of glioblastoma.
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22
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Ghinda CD, Duffau H. Network Plasticity and Intraoperative Mapping for Personalized Multimodal Management of Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas. Front Surg 2017; 4:3. [PMID: 28197403 PMCID: PMC5281570 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2017.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumors and include a variety of different histological tumor types and malignancy grades. Recent achievements in terms of molecular and imaging fields have created an unprecedented opportunity to perform a comprehensive interdisciplinary assessment of the glioma pathophysiology, with direct implications in terms of the medical and surgical treatment strategies available for patients. The current paradigm shift considers glioma management in a comprehensive perspective that takes into account the intricate connectivity of the cerebral networks. This allowed significant improvement in the outcome of patients with lesions previously considered inoperable. The current review summarizes the current theoretical framework integrating the adult human brain plasticity and functional reorganization within a dynamic individualized treatment strategy for patients affected by diffuse low-grade gliomas. The concept of neuro-oncology as a brain network surgery has major implications in terms of the clinical management and ensuing outcomes, as indexed by the increased survival and quality of life of patients managed using such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Diana Ghinda
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Neuroscience Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France; Brain Plasticity, Stem Cells and Glial Tumors Team, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Montpellier, France
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