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Pradhan BL, Lodhi L, Dey KK, Ghosh M. Analyzing atomic scale structural details and nuclear spin dynamics of four macrolide antibiotics: erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, and roxithromycin. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17733-17770. [PMID: 38832242 PMCID: PMC11145140 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00718b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The current investigation centers on elucidating the intricate molecular architecture and dynamic behavior of four macrolide antibiotics, specifically erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, and roxithromycin, through the application of sophisticated solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) methodologies. We have measured the principal components of chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) parameters, and the site-specific spin-lattice relaxation time at carbon nuclei sites. To extract the principal components of CSA parameters, we have employed 13C 2DPASS CP-MAS SSNMR experiments at two different values of magic angle spinning (MAS) frequencies, namely 2 kHz and 600 Hz. Additionally, the spatial correlation between 13C and 1H nuclei has been investigated using 1H-13C frequency switched Lee-Goldburg heteronuclear correlation (FSLGHETCOR) experiment at a MAS frequency of 24 kHz. Our findings demonstrate that the incorporation of diverse functional groups, such as the ketone group and oxime group with the lactone ring, exerts notable influences on the structure and dynamics of the macrolide antibiotic. In particular, we have observed a significant decrease in the spin-lattice relaxation time of carbon nuclei residing on the lactone ring, desosamine, and cladinose in roxithromycin, compared to erythromycin. Overall, our findings provide detailed insight into the relationship between the structure and dynamics of macrolide antibiotics, which is eventually correlated with their biological activity. This knowledge can be utilized to develop new and more effective drugs by providing a rational basis for drug discovery and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Laxmi Pradhan
- Physics Section, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 Uttar-Pradesh India
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 Uttar-Pradesh India
| | - Lekhan Lodhi
- Department of Zoology, Dr Harisingh Gour Central University Sagar-470003 Madhya-Pradesh India
| | - Krishna Kishor Dey
- Department of Physics, Dr Harisingh Gour Central University Sagar-470003 Madhya-Pradesh India
| | - Manasi Ghosh
- Physics Section, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 Uttar-Pradesh India
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Pradhan B, Yadav JP, Lodhi L, Sen P, Dey KK, Ghosh M. Atomic-Scale Resolution Insights into Structural and Dynamic Differences between Ofloxacin and Levofloxacin. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24093-24105. [PMID: 37426250 PMCID: PMC10323956 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
This study employs advanced solid-state NMR techniques to investigate the atomic-level structure and dynamics of two enantiomers: ofloxacin and levofloxacin. The investigation focuses on critical attributes, such as the principal components of the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensor, the spatial proximity of 1H and 13C nuclei, and site-specific 13C spin-lattice relaxation time, to reveal the local electronic environment surrounding specific nuclei. Levofloxacin, the levo-isomer of ofloxacin, exhibits higher antibiotic efficacy than its counterpart, and the dissimilarities in the CSA parameters indicate significant differences in the local electronic configuration and nuclear spin dynamics between the two enantiomers. Additionally, the study employs the 1H-13C frequency-switched Lee-Goldburg heteronuclear correlation (FSLGHETCOR) experiment to identify the presence of heteronuclear correlations between specific nuclei (C15 and H7 nuclei and C13 and H12 nuclei) in ofloxacin but not in levofloxacin. These observations offer insights into the link between bioavailability and nuclear spin dynamics, underscoring the significance of NMR crystallography approaches in advanced drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay
Laxmi Pradhan
- Department
of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar-Pradesh, India
- Physics
Section, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Jai Prakash Yadav
- Physics
Section, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Lekhan Lodhi
- Department
of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470003, Madhya-Pradesh, India
| | - Prince Sen
- Department
of Physics, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470003, Madhya-Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Kishor Dey
- Department
of Physics, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470003, Madhya-Pradesh, India
| | - Manasi Ghosh
- Physics
Section, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar-Pradesh, India
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Li Y, Guo C, Zhang S, Ke C, Deng Y, Dang Z. Nanoplastics impacts on Thiobacillus denitrificans: Effects of size and dissolved organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 328:121592. [PMID: 37044254 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The widespread distribution of nanoplastics and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sewage raises concerns about the potential impact of DOM on the bioavailability of nanoplastics. In this study, the effects of different sizes (100 nm and 350 nm) of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 50 mg/L) and combined with 10 mg/L or 50 mg/L DOMs (fulvic acid, humic acid and sodium alginate) on the growth and denitrification ability of Thiobacillus denitrificans were investigated. Results showed that 100 nm PS-NPs (50 mg/L) cause a longer delay in the nitrate reduction (3 days) of T. denitrificans than 350 nm PS-NPs (2 days). Furthermore, the presence of DOM exacerbated the adverse effect of 100 nm PS-NPs on denitrification, resulting in a delay of 1-4 days to complete denitrification. Fulvic acid (50 mg/L) and humic acid (50 mg/L) had the most significant adverse effect on increasing 100 nm PS-NPs (50 mg/L), causing a reduction of 20 mmol/L nitrate by T. denitrificans in nearly 7 days. It is noteworthy that the presence of DOM did not modify the adverse effect of 350 nm PS-NPs on denitrification. Further analysis of toxicity mechanism of PS-NPs revealed that they could induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressed denitrification gene expression. The results suggested that DOM may assist in the cellular internalization of PS-NPs by inhibiting PS-NPs aggregation, leading to the increased ROS levels and accelerated T. denitrificans death. This study highlights the potential risk of nanoplastics to autotrophic denitrifying bacteria in the presence of DOM and provides new insights for the treatment of nitrogen-containing wastewater by T. denitrificans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuling Guo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Siyu Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Changdong Ke
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanping Deng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Yadav JP, Lodhi L, Fatma T, Dey KK, Ghosh M. Investigation of the Influence of Various Functional Groups on the Dynamics of Glucocorticoids. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43190-43209. [PMID: 36467925 PMCID: PMC9713872 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The basic configuration of glucocorticoid consists of four-fused rings associated with one cyclohexadienone ring, two cyclohexane rings, and one cyclopentane ring. The ways the structure and dynamics of five glucocorticoids (prednisone, prednisolone, prednisolone acetate, methylprednisolone, and methylprednisolone acetate) are altered because of the substitution of various functional groups with these four-fused rings are studied thoroughly by applying sophisticated solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methodologies. The biological activities of these glucocorticoids are also changed because of the attachment of various functional groups with these four-fused rings. The substitution of the hydroxyl group (with the C11 atom of the cyclohexane ring) in place of the keto group enhances the potential of the glucocorticoid to cross the cellular membrane. As a result, the bioavailability of prednisolone (the hydroxyl group is attached with the C11 atom of the cyclohexane ring) is increased compared to prednisone (the keto group is attached with the C11 atom of cyclohexane rings). Another notable point is that the spin-lattice relaxation rate at crystallographically distinct carbon nuclei sites of prednisolone is increased compared to that of the prednisone, which implies that the motional degrees of freedom of glucocorticoid is increased because of the substitution of the hydroxyl group in place of the keto group of the cyclohexane ring. The attachment of the methyl group with the C6 atom of cyclohexane rings further reduces the spin-lattice relaxation time at crystallographically distinct carbon nuclei sites of glucocorticoid and its bioactivity is also increased. By comparing the spin-lattice relaxation time and the local correlation time at crystallographically different carbon nuclei sites of three steroids prednisone, prednisolone, and methylprednisolone, it is observed that both the spin-lattice relaxation time and the local correlation time gradually decrease at each crystallographically distinct carbon nuclei sites when we move from prednisone to prednisolone to methyl-prednisolone. On the other hand, if we compare the same for prednisolone, prednisolone acetate, and methylprednisolone acetate, then we also observe that both the spin-lattice relaxation time and the local-correlation time gradually decrease from prednisolone to prednisolone acetate to methylprednisolone acetate for all chemically different carbon nuclei. It is also noticeable that both the spin-lattice relaxation time and the local-correlation time gradually decrease from prednisone to prednisolone to prednisolone acetate to methylprednisolone to methylprednisolone acetate for most of the carbon nuclei sites. From in silico analysis, it is also revealed that the bioavailability and efficacy of the glucocorticoid increase from prednisone to prednisolone to prednisolone acetate to methylprednisolone to methylprednisolone acetate. Hence, it can be concluded that the biological activity and the motional degrees of freedom of the glucocorticoids are highly correlated. These types of studies provide a clear picture of the structure-activity relationship of the drug molecules, which will enlighten the path of developing highly potent glucocorticoids with minimum side effects. Another important aspect of these types of studies is to provide information about the electronics configuration and nuclear spin dynamics at crystallographically different carbon nuclei sites of five glucocorticoids, which will enrich the field of "NMR crystallography".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash Yadav
- Physics
Section, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh221005, India
| | - Lekhan Lodhi
- Department
of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh470003, India
| | - Tamseel Fatma
- Department
of Bioinformatics, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh221005, India
| | - Krishna Kishor Dey
- Department
of Physics, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh470003, India
| | - Manasi Ghosh
- Physics
Section, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh221005, India
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