1
|
Bayrou C, Van Laere AS, Dam Van P, Moula N, Garigliany MM, Desmecht D. Anti-Schmallenberg Virus Activities of Type I/III Interferons-Induced Mx1 GTPases from Different Mammalian Species. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051055. [PMID: 37243140 DOI: 10.3390/v15051055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mx proteins are key factors of the innate intracellular defense mechanisms that act against viruses induced by type I/III interferons. The family Peribunyaviridae includes many viruses of veterinary importance, either because infection results in clinical disease or because animals serve as reservoirs for arthropod vectors. According to the evolutionary arms race hypothesis, evolutionary pressures should have led to the selection of the most appropriate Mx1 antiviral isoforms to resist these infections. Although human, mouse, bat, rat, and cotton rat Mx isoforms have been shown to inhibit different members of the Peribunyaviridae, the possible antiviral function of the Mx isoforms from domestic animals against bunyaviral infections has, to our knowledge, never been studied. Herein, we investigated the anti-Schmallenberg virus activity of bovine, canine, equine, and porcine Mx1 proteins. We concluded that Mx1 has a strong, dose-dependent anti-Schmallenberg activity in these four mammalian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calixte Bayrou
- Animal Pathology, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B43, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Van Laere
- Animal Pathology, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B43, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Phai Dam Van
- Animal Pathology, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B43, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nassim Moula
- Animal Productions, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B43, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mutien-Marie Garigliany
- Animal Pathology, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B43, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Animal Pathology, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B43, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Development and assessment of a new bioassay for accurate quantification of Type I interferons induced by bovine respiratory viruses. J Immunol Methods 2022; 504:113256. [PMID: 35300990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays a major role in antiviral and inflammatory processes of the infected host. In the bovine industry, the bovine respiratory disease complex is a major cause of economic and health problems. This disease is caused by interactions of pathogens, together with environmental and host factors. Several pathogens have been identified as causal agents of respiratory diseases in cattle. To better understand how primary infections by viruses predispose animals to further infections by pathogenic bacteria, tools to accurately detect antiviral and immunoregulatory cytokines are needed. To facilitate the detection and quantification of bovine IFN-I, we have established a new specific and sensitive bioassay studies in the bovine host. This assay is based on a Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell line that carries a luciferase gene under the control of the IFN-I inducible bovine Mx1 promoter. Specific luciferase activity was measured after stimulation with serial dilutions of recombinant bovine alpha and beta IFNs and human IFN-α. With this novel bioassay we have successfully measured IFN-I production in supernatant from MDBK cells after stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLR3, TLR7 and TLR8) and RIG-I-like receptors (RIG-I and MDA5), after viral infection with bovine respiratory pathogens, but also in samples from infected calves. Finally, this new bioassay is an easy-to-use and low cost tool to measure the production of bovine Type-I Interferon.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun H, Niu Q, Yang J, Zhao Y, Tian Z, Fan J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Geng S, Zhang Y, Guan G, Williams DT, Luo J, Yin H, Liu Z. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Features of Immune Response and Metabolism of Acutely Infected, Dead and Asymptomatic Infection of African Swine Fever Virus in Pigs. Front Immunol 2022; 12:808545. [PMID: 34975923 PMCID: PMC8714921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.808545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection can result in lethal disease in pigs. ASFV encodes 150-167 proteins, of which only approximately 50 encoded viral structure proteins are functionally known. ASFV also encodes some nonstructural proteins that are involved in the regulation of viral transcription, viral replication and evasion from host defense. However, the understanding of the molecular correlates of the severity of these infections is still limited. The purpose of this study was to compare host and viral gene expression differences and perform functional analysis in acutely infected, dead and cohabiting asymptomatic pigs infected with ASFV by using RNA-Seq technique; healthy pigs were used as controls. A total of 3,760 and 2,874 upregulated genes and 4,176 and 2,899 downregulated genes were found in healthy pigs vs. acutely infected, dead pigs or asymptomatic pigs, respectively. Additionally, 941 upregulated genes and 956 downregulated genes were identified in asymptomatic vs. acutely infected, dead pigs. Different alternative splicing (AS) events were also analyzed, as were gene chromosome locations, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network prediction analysis was performed for significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In addition, 30 DEGs were validated by RT-qPCR, and the results were consistent with the RNA-Seq results. We further analyzed the interaction between ASFV and its host at the molecular level and predicted the mechanisms responsible for asymptomatic pigs based on the selected DEGs. Interestingly, we found that some viral genes in cohabiting asymptomatic pigs might integrate into host genes (DP96R, I73R and L83L) or remain in the tissues of cohabiting asymptomatic pigs. In conclusion, the data obtained in the present study provide new evidence for further elucidating ASFV-host interactions and the ASFV infection mechanism and will facilitate the implementation of integrated strategies for controlling ASF spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Sun
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qingli Niu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jifei Yang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaru Zhao
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhancheng Tian
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Fan
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiwang Wang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuxian Geng
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - David T Williams
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jianxun Luo
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Yin
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dam Van P, Desmecht D, Garigliany MM, Bui Tran Anh D, Van Laere AS. Anti-Influenza A Virus Activities of Type I/III Interferons-Induced Mx1 GTPases from Different Mammalian Species. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:274-282. [PMID: 30939061 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I/III interferons provide powerful and universal innate intracellular defense mechanisms against viruses. Among the antiviral effectors induced, Mx proteins of some species appear as key components of defense against influenza A viruses. It is expected that such an antiviral protein must display a platform dedicated to the recognition of said viruses. In an attempt to identify such platform in human MxA, an evolution-guided approach capitalizing on the antagonistic arms race between MxA and its viral targets and the genomic signature it left on primate genomes revealed that the surface-exposed so-called "loop L4", which protrudes from the compact structure of the MxA stalk, is a hotspot of recurrent positive selection. Since MxA is archetypic of Mx1 proteins in general, we reasoned that the L4 loop also functions as a recognition platform for influenza viruses in the Mx1 proteins of other species that had been exposed to the virus for ever. In this study, the anti-influenza activity of 5 distinct mammalian Mx1 proteins was measured by comparing the number of viral nucleoprotein-positive cells 7 h after infection in a sample of 100,000 cells expected to contain both Mx1-positive and Mx1-negative cell subpopulations. The systematic depletion (P < 0.001) of virus nucleoprotein-positive cells among equine, bubaline, porcine, and bovine Mx1-expressing cell populations compared with Mx-negative cells suggests a strong anti-influenza A activity. Looking for common anti-influenza signature elements in the sequence of these Mx proteins, we found that an aromatic residue at positions 561 or 562 in the L4 loop seems critical for the anti-influenza function and/or specificity of mammalian Mx1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phai Dam Van
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, Internal Medicine and Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.,2 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- 2 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Dao Bui Tran Anh
- 3 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anne-Sophie Van Laere
- 2 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Genotype frequency contributions of Mx1 gene in eight chicken breeds under different selection pressures. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:483. [PMID: 30456017 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken Mx1 gene, as a positive antiviral gene, has been reported to provide resistance to several viruses especially avian influenza virus. In present research, the genotype frequency contributions of chicken Mx1 polymorphisms were characterized in five lowly selected as well as one moderately selected Sichuan native chicken populations and two highly selected commercial chicken breeds. Together with two newly-identified mutation sites (r.8A > G and r.1257T > C), a total of 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including seven nonsynonymous mutation and six synonymous mutation, were found in the coding region of chicken Mx1 gene. Local Chinese chicken populations exhibited higher nucleotide diversity than commercial populations. Moreover, amino acid substitution sites as well as positive selection sites were located only in the domain not determined and GTPase domain, implying that amino acids mutations were likely needed in the modulatory and structural regions to better adapt the environment. Collectively, our results suggest that different selection pressures greatly influenced the genotype frequency contributions of chicken Mx1 gene. Understanding the interaction between genetic diversity and artificial selection may help us to better select and breed superior domestic chickens.
Collapse
|
6
|
Babiker HAE, Saito T, Nakatsu Y, Takasuga S, Morita M, Sugimoto Y, Ueda J, Watanabe T. Molecular cloning, polymorphism, and functional activity of the bovine and water buffalo Mx2 gene promoter region. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:2109. [PMID: 28066698 PMCID: PMC5179478 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Bovine Mx2 gene sequences were already reported, but further information about the gene properties is not yet available. The objective of the current study was to elucidate the structural properties of the bovine Mx2 gene mainly the promoter region and its possible functional role. If available, such information would help in assessing the functional properties of the gene, which was reported to confer antiviral action against recombinant VSV. Results Examinations on the bovine genomic BAC clone—confirmed to contain the Mx2 gene—revealed 883-bp sequences. A computer scan unequivocally identified a 788-bp promoter region containing a typical TATA box, three ISREs and other promoter-specific motifs. Comparative analysis of nine bovine genomic DNA samples showed 19 nucleotide substitutions suggesting the existence of five different genotypes in the promoter region. The water buffalo Mx2 promoter region was determined by using primers based on the bovine Mx2 promoter region disclosing 893-bp, with 56 substitutions, two insertions, 9 and 1 nt at two different sites. A functional analysis of the putative ISRE indicated that ISRE played a synergetic role in the activation of bovine Mx2 gene transcription. Conclusion Bovine and water buffalo Mx2 promoter region was identified disclosing, the conserved ISRE, located in the proximal end of the promoter region like other members of the antiviral family, suggesting functional activity under interferon stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H A E Babiker
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khartoum University, P.O. Box 32, Shambat, Khartoum Sudan
| | - T Saito
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Y Nakatsu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - S Takasuga
- Shirakawa Institute of Animal Genetics, Livestock Technology Association, Shirakawa, Fukushima 961-8061 Japan
| | - M Morita
- Shirakawa Institute of Animal Genetics, Livestock Technology Association, Shirakawa, Fukushima 961-8061 Japan
| | - Y Sugimoto
- Shirakawa Institute of Animal Genetics, Livestock Technology Association, Shirakawa, Fukushima 961-8061 Japan
| | - J Ueda
- Institute of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501 Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alvarez-Torres D, Bejar J, Collet B, Alonso MC, Garcia-Rosado E. Structural and functional characterization of the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) Mx promoter. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1642-1648. [PMID: 24056275 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mx proteins are one of the most studied interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). The antiviral activity against different fish viruses has been demonstrated for diverse fish Mx proteins, including the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) Mx protein (SsMx). The aim of the current study is to characterize the structure and functional activity of the SsMx promoter. Several polyclonal cell populations expressing the luciferase reporter gene under the control of the SsMx promoter have been used to determine the ability of this promoter to drive the expression of the luciferase gene after poly I:C stimulation. In addition, the implication of each interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in the activation of the promoter has also been analysed. The genomic structure of the Senegalese sole and Japanese flounder Mx promoters (containing three ISREs) differs from the rest of the fish Mx promoters described to date. The ISRE1, the one closest to the start codon, is the main ISRE involved in the SsMx promoter activity, whereas ISRE2 and ISRE3 show a minor additive effect on this activity. Another feature differing SsMx promoter from the rest of the fish Mx promoters is the presence of a 24-bp GC island close to the ATG codon, including one Sp1 binding site, which may constitute the transcriptional start site. Furthermore, the SsMx promoter contains a gamma interferon activation site (GAS) element.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alvarez-Torres
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang XM, He DN, Zhou B, Pang R, Liu K, Zhao J, Chen PY. In vitro inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication by purified porcine Mx1 protein fused to HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain (PTD). Antiviral Res 2013; 99:149-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
Abstract
Miniature pigs have been recognized as valuable experimental animals in medical research. However, porcine models related to gene knockout of human diseases are not widely available. The objective of this study was to establish Mx1-Cre pigs using somatic cell nuclear transfer. In this study, we created transgenic pigs using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Transfer of 210, 230, 250 and 215 zygotes to four surrogates produced 10 piglets. The Cre recombinase expression in transgenic pigs was studied using reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Mx1-Cre swine were shown to harbor the Cre gene in their genomic DNA using the PCR. In conclusion, Mx1-Cre transgenic piglets were successfully produced by SCNT. These transgenic swine, in conjunction with inducible systems for controlling Cre expression and function, are likely to have a profound impact on the study of human diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ye X, Tan Z, Zhang Y, Li K. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Chicken Mx gene at Position 2032 by Real-time Allele-specific PCR Melting-curve Analysis. J Poult Sci 2010; 47:133-138. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.009070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqun Ye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Zongcheng Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, China
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, China
| | | | - Kangsheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Daviet S, Van Borm S, Habyarimana A, Ahanda MLE, Morin V, Oudin A, Van Den Berg T, Zoorob R. Induction of Mx and PKR Failed to Protect Chickens from H5N1 Infection. Viral Immunol 2009; 22:467-72. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2009.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Daviet
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique, FRE-2937, 7 Rue Guy Moquet, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Steven Van Borm
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Avian Virology & Immunology, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adélite Habyarimana
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Avian Virology & Immunology, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Véronique Morin
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique, FRE-2937, 7 Rue Guy Moquet, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Anne Oudin
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique, FRE-2937, 7 Rue Guy Moquet, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Thierry Van Den Berg
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Avian Virology & Immunology, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rima Zoorob
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique, FRE-2937, 7 Rue Guy Moquet, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li G, Zhang J, Sun Y, Wang H, Wang Y. The evolutionarily dynamic IFN-inducible GTPase proteins play conserved immune functions in vertebrates and cephalochordates. Mol Biol Evol 2009; 26:1619-30. [PMID: 19369598 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msp074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-inducible GTPases currently include four families of proteins: myxovirus resistant proteins (Mxs), guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), immunity-related GTPase proteins (IRGs), and very large inducible GTPase proteins (VLIGs). They are all under conserved regulation by IFNs in humans and mice and play a critical role in preventing microbial infections. However, differences between vertebrates are poorly characterized, and their evolutionary origins have not been studied in detail. In this study, we performed comparative genomic analysis of the four families in 18 representative animals that yielded several unexpected results. Firstly, we found that Mx, GBP, and IRG protein families arose before the divergence of chordate subphyla, but VLIG emerged solely in vertebrates. Secondly, IRG, GBP, and VLIG families have experienced a high rate of gene gain and loss during the evolution, with the GBP family being lost entirely in two pufferfish and VLIG family lost in primates and carnivores. Thirdly, the regulation of these genes by IFNs is highly conserved throughout vertebrates although the VLIG protein sequences in fish have lost the first 870 amino acid residues. Finally, amphioxus IFN-inducible GTPase genes are all highly expressed in immune-related organs such as gill, liver, and intestine and are upregulated after challenge with PolyI:C and pathogens, although no IFNs or their receptors were detected in the current amphioxus genome database. These results suggest that IFN-inducible GTPase genes play conserved immune functions both in vertebrates and in cephalochordates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morozumi T, Naito T, Lan PD, Nakajima E, Mitsuhashi T, Mikawa S, Hayashi T, Awata T, Uenishi H, Nagata K, Watanabe T, Hamasima N. Molecular cloning and characterization of porcine Mx2 gene. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:858-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Tungtrakoolsub P, Noda T, Morozumi T, Hamasima N, Kobayashi E, Ueda J, Watanabe T. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the porcine antiviral MX1 and MX2 genes. Anim Genet 2008; 39:22-7. [PMID: 18254733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The porcine MX1 and MX2 promoters were characterized in this study. Sequencing of the 332-bp MX1 promoter region identified 15 substitutions and insertions at three positions in 21 pigs from 15 breeds, in which nine genotypes were classified. Among the nine genotypes, no statistically significant differences in the promoter activities were observed after interferon (IFN-alpha 2b) treatment of transiently transfected cells containing constructs with luciferase reporter plasmids. The 341-bp MX2 promoter region contained regulatory sequences for ISRE, GC box, Sp1 and AP-1, as well as a TATA box. Nucleotide sequences of the MX2 promoter region revealed four substitutions and one deletion, in which six genotypes were classified. Among the six genotypes, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in MX2 promoter activities after IFN-alpha 2b treatment was detected in transiently transfected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Tungtrakoolsub
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Watanabe T. Polymorphisms of the chicken antiviral MX gene. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 117:370-5. [PMID: 17675880 DOI: 10.1159/000103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mx gene was originally found in laboratory mice in an infection experiment using influenza virus (Lindermann, 1962). Almost all of the mouse strains in that experiment died from the infection, and only the A2G strain had resistance to the virus. This resistant character was shown to be inherited as a single autosomal dominant trait (Lindermann et al., 1963; Lindermann, 1964; Haller et al., 1979). A congenic mouse strain was established by introducing the Mx+ allele of the A2G resistant strain into the Mx- sensitive inbred strain BALB/c (Staeheli et al., 1984). By immunizing parental BALB/c mice with extracts of interferon (IFN)-treated cultured cells from congenic BALB/c-Mx+ mice, a specific antibody against Mx protein was obtained (Horisberger et al., 1983; Staeheli et al., 1985). The Mx protein was detected in the nucleus of IFN-alpha/beta-treated mouse cells by immunofluorescence using the anti-Mx antibody (Dreiding et al., 1985). Thereafter, by using the antibody as an indicator, cDNA encoding the Mx protein was cloned from a cDNA library constructed from IFN-treated cells of congenic BALB/c-Mx+ mice (Staeheli et al., 1986a). IFN-treated Mx+ mouse cells contained a 3.5-kb Mx mRNA in the Northern blot, while Mx- cells failed to express the transcript. The functional Mx+ gene from an A2G mouse was found to contain 14 exons and encode 631 amino acids. The Mx- allelic mouse strains were found to be missing sequence of exons 9 through 11 or to contain a point mutation that converts lysine at position 389 to a stop codon (Staeheli et al., 1988). If these polymorphisms of the Mx gene could be detected in domestic animals, it would be possible to produce breeds that show resistance to infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Watanabe
- Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Palm M, Leroy M, Thomas A, Linden A, Desmecht D. Differential Anti-Influenza Activity among Allelic Variants at TheSus Scrofa Mx1Locus. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2007; 27:147-55. [PMID: 17316142 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2006.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising way to oppose infectious challenges would be to improve the resistance of the target species through genetic selection. Theoretically, a candidate gene is available against influenza viruses since a resistance trait was fortuitously discovered in the A2G mouse strain. This trait was demonstrated to be correlated with the expression of a specific isoform of the type I interferon (IFN)-dependent protein MX, an isoform coded by a specific allele at the mouse Mx1 locus. Two allelic polymorphisms were described recently in the Sus scrofa homologous gene. In this study, the frequencies and distribution of both alleles were evaluated among European domestic pig and wild boar populations by PCR-RFLP, and the anti-influenza activity conferred by both MX1 isoforms was evaluated in vitro using transfection of Vero cells followed by flow cytometric determination of the fraction of influenza virus-infected cells among MX-producing and MX-nonproducing cell populations. A significant difference in the anti-influenza activity brought by the two MX1 isoforms was demonstrated, which suggests that a significant improvement of innate resistance of pigs by genetic selection might be feasible provided the differences found here in vitro are epidemiologically relevant in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Palm
- Department of Pathology, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|