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Rocos NIE, Coulter FJ, Tan TCJ, Kaufman J. The minor chicken class I gene BF1 is deleted between short imperfect direct repeats in the B14 and typical B15 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes. Immunogenetics 2023; 75:455-464. [PMID: 37405420 PMCID: PMC10514180 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-023-01313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC, also known as the BF-BL region of the B locus) is notably small and simple with few genes, most of which are involved in antigen processing and presentation. There are two classical class I genes, of which only BF2 is well and systemically expressed as the major ligand for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The other class I gene, BF1, is believed to be primarily a natural killer (NK) cell ligand. Among most standard chicken MHC haplotypes examined in detail, BF1 is expressed tenfold less than BF2 at the RNA level due to defects in the promoter or in a splice site. However, in the B14 and typical B15 haplotypes, BF1 RNA was not detected, and here, we show that a deletion between imperfect 32 nucleotide direct repeats has removed the BF1 gene entirely. The phenotypic effects of not having a BF1 gene (particularly on resistance to infectious pathogens) have not been systematically explored, but such deletions between short direct repeats are also found in some BF1 promoters and in the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of some BG genes found in the BG region of the B locus. Despite the opposite transcriptional orientation of homologous genes in the chicken MHC, which might prevent the loss of key genes from a minimal essential MHC, it appears that small direct repeats can still lead to deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas I. E. Rocos
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL UK
| | - Felicity J. Coulter
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP UK
- Current Address: Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Thomas C. J. Tan
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL UK
- Current Address: Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF UK
| | - Jim Kaufman
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP UK
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES UK
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Wang Q, Wang F, Liu L, Li Q, Liu R, Zheng M, Cui H, Wen J, Zhao G. Genetic Mutation Analysis of High and Low IgY Chickens by Capture Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9050272. [PMID: 31126132 PMCID: PMC6562818 DOI: 10.3390/ani9050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is the major antibody produced by hens and it endows their offspring with effective humoral immunity against the pathogens. In previous research, we identified 13 genomic regions that were significantly associated with the serum IgY level or antibody responses to sheep red-blood-cells, but the specific mutations in these regions have not been reported. Therefore, we screened for variations in these regions in White Leghorn and Beijing-You chickens with high and low IgY. Our study identified 35,154 mutations and 829 Indels which were associated with IgY levels in both lines. Many non-synonymous mutations were located in crucial genes related to the host immune function, indicating the possible involvement of these genes in controlling IgY levels. Abstract Based on the results of our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS), a comprehensive analysis on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed on White Leghorn and Beijing-You chickens with high and low IgY levels in defined genomic regions using the capture-sequencing approach. High and low IgY chickens showed substantial genetic variations. In total, more than 30,000 SNPs were found in all four chicken groups, among which 1045 were non-synonymous mutations resulting in amino acids alterations. In total, 23,309 Indels were identified. Among the 1169 Indels that were found only in Beijing-You chickens, 702 were shared between high and low IgY chickens compared with the reference genome. There were 1016 Indels specific to the White Leghorn chickens, among which 188 were high IgY-specific, 134 were low IgY-specific and 694 were shared between the high and low IgY chicken lines. Many genetic mutations were located in the regulatory regions of important immunomodulatory genes, including TAP1, TAP2 and BF1. Our findings provide an in-depth understanding of genetic mutations in chicken microchromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Qinghe Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ranran Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Maiqing Zheng
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Huanxian Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China.
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China.
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Two class I genes of the chicken MHC have different functions: BF1 is recognized by NK cells while BF2 is recognized by CTLs. Immunogenetics 2018; 70:599-611. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Parker A, Kaufman J. What chickens might tell us about the MHC class II system. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 46:23-29. [PMID: 28433952 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Almost all knowledge about the structure and function of MHC class II molecules outside of mammals comes from work with chickens. Most of the genes implicated in the class II system are present in chickens, so it is likely that the machinery of antigen processing and peptide-loading is similar to mammals. However, there is only one isotype (lineage) of classical class II genes, with one monomorphic DR-like BLA gene and two polymorphic BLB genes, located near one DMA and two DMB genes. The DMB2 and BLB2 genes are widely expressed at high levels, whereas the DMB1 and BLB1 genes are only expressed at highest levels in spleen and intestine, suggesting the possibility of two class II systems in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Parker
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Kaufman
- University of Cambridge, Department of Pathology, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom; University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom.
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Chan WF, Parks-Dely JA, Magor BG, Magor KE. The Minor MHC Class I Gene UDA of Ducks Is Regulated by Let-7 MicroRNA. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1212-20. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
The concept of co-evolution (or co-adaptation) has a long history, but application at molecular levels (e.g., 'supergenes' in genetics) is more recent, with a consensus definition still developing. One interesting example is the chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In contrast to typical mammals that have many class I and class I-like genes, only two classical class I genes, two CD1 genes and some non-classical Rfp-Y genes are known in chicken, and all are found on the microchromosome that bears the MHC. Rarity of recombination between the closely linked and polymorphic genes encoding classical class I and TAPs allows co-evolution, leading to a single dominantly expressed class I molecule in each MHC haplotype, with strong functional consequences in terms of resistance to infectious pathogens. Chicken tapasin is highly polymorphic, but co-evolution with TAP and class I genes remains unclear. T-cell receptors, natural killer (NK) cell receptors, and CD8 co-receptor genes are found on non-MHC chromosomes, with some evidence for co-evolution of surface residues and number of genes along the avian and mammalian lineages. Over even longer periods, co-evolution has been invoked to explain how the adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates arose from closely linked receptor, ligand, and antigen-processing genes in the primordial MHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Kaufman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Miller MM, Taylor RL. Brief review of the chicken Major Histocompatibility Complex: the genes, their distribution on chromosome 16, and their contributions to disease resistance. Poult Sci 2016; 95:375-92. [PMID: 26740135 PMCID: PMC4988538 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly all genes presently mapped to chicken chromosome 16 (GGA 16) have either a demonstrated role in immune responses or are considered to serve in immunity by reason of sequence homology with immune system genes defined in other species. The genes are best described in regional units. Among these, the best known is the polymorphic major histocompatibility complex-B (MHC-B) region containing genes for classical peptide antigen presentation. Nearby MHC-B is a small region containing two CD1 genes, which encode molecules known to bind lipid antigens and which will likely be found in chickens to present lipids to specialized T cells, as occurs with CD1 molecules in other species. Another region is the MHC-Y region, separated from MHC-B by an intervening region of tandem repeats. Like MHC-B, MHC-Y is polymorphic. It contains specialized class I and class II genes and c-type lectin-like genes. Yet another region, separated from MHC-Y by the single nucleolar organizing region (NOR) in the chicken genome, contains olfactory receptor genes and scavenger receptor genes, which are also thought to contribute to immunity. The structure, distribution, linkages and patterns of polymorphism in these regions, suggest GGA 16 evolves as a microchromosome devoted to immune defense. Many GGA 16 genes are polymorphic and polygenic. At the moment most disease associations are at the haplotype level. Roles of individual MHC genes in disease resistance are documented in only a very few instances. Provided suitable experimental stocks persist, the availability of increasingly detailed maps of GGA 16 genes combined with new means for detecting genetic variability will lead to investigations defining the contributions of individual loci and more applications for immunogenetics in breeding healthy poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia M Miller
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Robert L Taylor
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
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8
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What chickens would tell you about the evolution of antigen processing and presentation. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 34:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Hearn C, Preeyanon L, Hunt HD, York IA. An MHC class I immune evasion gene of Marek׳s disease virus. Virology 2014; 475:88-95. [PMID: 25462349 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Marek׳s disease virus (MDV) is a widespread α-herpesvirus of chickens that causes T cell tumors. Acute, but not latent, MDV infection has previously been shown to lead to downregulation of cell-surface MHC class I (Virology 282:198-205 (2001)), but the gene(s) involved have not been identified. Here we demonstrate that an MDV gene, MDV012, is capable of reducing surface expression of MHC class I on chicken cells. Co-expression of an MHC class I-binding peptide targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (bypassing the requirement for the TAP peptide transporter) partially rescued MHC class I expression in the presence of MDV012, suggesting that MDV012 is a TAP-blocking MHC class I immune evasion protein. This is the first unique non-mammalian MHC class I immune evasion gene identified, and suggests that α-herpesviruses have conserved this function for at least 100 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari Hearn
- Department of Comparative Medicine & Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Likit Preeyanon
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Henry D Hunt
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, 4279 East Mount Hope Road, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Ian A York
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Straub C, Neulen ML, Sperling B, Windau K, Zechmann M, Jansen CA, Viertlboeck BC, Göbel TW. Chicken NK cell receptors. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:324-333. [PMID: 23542703 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer cells are innate immune cells that destroy virally infected or transformed cells. They recognize these altered cells by a plethora of diverse receptors and thereby differ from other lymphocytes that use clonally distributed antigen receptors. To date, several receptor families that play a role in either activating or inhibiting NK cells have been identified in mammals. In the chicken, NK cells have been functionally and morphologically defined, however, a conclusive analysis of receptors involved in NK cell mediated functions has not been available. This is partly due to the low frequencies of NK cells in blood or spleen that has hampered their intensive characterization. Here we will review recent progress regarding the diverse NK cell receptor families, with special emphasis on novel families identified in the chicken genome with potential as chicken NK cell receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Chickens/genetics
- Chickens/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genome/immunology
- Immunity, Innate
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/classification
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Ligands
- Mammals/immunology
- Phylogeny
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/classification
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Straub
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Germany
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11
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Monson MS, Mendoza KM, Velleman SG, Strasburg GM, Reed KM. Expression profiles for genes in the turkey major histocompatibility complex B-locus. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1523-34. [PMID: 23687148 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a highly polymorphic region of the genome essential to immune responses and animal health. In galliforms, the MHC is divided into 2 genetically unlinked regions (MHC-B and MHC-Y). Many MHC-B genes are involved in adaptive or innate immunity, yet others have nonimmune or unknown functions. The sequenced MHC-B region of the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) contains 40 genes, the majority of which are predicted transcripts based on comparison with the chicken or quail, without direct evidence for expression. This study was designed to test for the presence of MHC-B gene transcripts in a panel of immune and nonimmune system tissues from domestic turkeys. This analysis provides the first locus-wide examination of MHC-B gene expression in any avian species. Most MHC-B genes were broadly expressed across tissues. Expression of all predicted genes was verified by reverse-transcription PCR, including B-butyrophilin 2 (BTN2), a predicted gene with no previous evidence for expression in any species. Previously undescribed splice variants were also detected and sequenced from 3 genes. Characterization of MHC-B expression patterns helps elucidate unknown gene functions and potential gene coregulation. Determining turkey MHC-B expression profiles increases our overall understanding of the avian MHC and provides a necessary resource for future research on the immunological response of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Monson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 55108, USA
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12
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Strand T, Wang B, Meyer-Lucht Y, Höglund J. Evolutionary history of black grouse major histocompatibility complex class IIB genes revealed through single locus sequence-based genotyping. BMC Genet 2013; 14:29. [PMID: 23617616 PMCID: PMC3652749 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-14-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene duplications are frequently observed in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) of many species, and as a consequence loci belonging to the same MHC class are often too similar to tell apart. In birds, single locus genotyping of MHC genes has proven difficult due to concerted evolution homogenizing sequences at different loci. But studies on evolutionary history, mode of selection and heterozygosity correlations on the MHC cannot be performed before it is possible to analyse duplicated genes separately. In this study we investigate the architecture and evolution of the MHC class IIB genes in black grouse. We developed a sequence-based genotyping method for separate amplification of the two black grouse MHC class IIB genes BLB1 and BLB2. Based on this approach we are able to study differences in structure and selection between the two genes in black grouse and relate these results to the chicken MHC structure and organization. Results Sequences were obtained from 12 individuals and separated into alleles using the software PHASE. We compared nucleotide diversity measures and employed selection tests for BLB1 and BLB2 to explore their modes of selection. Both BLB1 and BLB2 are transcribed and display classic characteristics of balancing selection as predicted for expressed MHC class IIB genes. We found evidence for both intra- and interlocus recombination or gene conversion, as well as indication for positive but differential selection at both loci. Moreover, the two loci appear to be linked. Phylogenetic analyses revealed orthology of the black grouse MHC class IIB genes to the respective BLB loci in chicken. Conclusions The results indicate that the duplication of the BLB gene occurred before the species divergence into black grouse, chicken and pheasant. Further, we conclude that BLB1 and BLB2 in black grouse are subjected to homogenizing concerted evolution due to interlocus genetic exchange after species divergence. The loci are in linkage disequilibrium, which is in line with the theory of tightly coevolving genes within the MHC under the minimal essential MHC hypothesis. Our results support the conclusion that MHC form and function in birds derived from studies on the domesticated chicken are not artefacts of the domestication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Strand
- Population Biology and Conservation Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala, SE-752 36, Sweden
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Chazara O, Chang CS, Bruneau N, Benabdeljelil K, Fotsa JC, Kayang BB, Loukou NE, Osei-Amponsah R, Yapi-Gnaore V, Youssao IAK, Chen CF, Pinard-van der Laan MH, Tixier-Boichard M, Bed'hom B. Diversity and evolution of the highly polymorphic tandem repeat LEI0258 in the chicken MHC-B region. Immunogenetics 2013; 65:447-59. [PMID: 23529664 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-013-0697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is located on the microchromosome 16 and is described as the most variable region in the genome. The genes of the MHC play a central role in the immune system. Particularly, genes encoding proteins involved in the antigen presentation to T cells. Therefore, describing the genetic polymorphism of this region is crucial in understanding host-pathogen interactions. The tandem repeat LEI0258 is located within the core area of the B region of the chicken MHC (MHC-B region) and its genotypes correlate with serology. This marker was used to provide a picture of the worldwide diversity of the chicken MHC-B region and to categorize chicken MHC haplotypes. More than 1,600 animals from 80 different populations or lines of chickens from Africa, Asia, and Europe, including wild fowl species, were genotyped at the LEI0258 locus. Fifty novel alleles were described after sequencing. The resulting 79 alleles were classified into 12 clusters, based on the SNPs and indels found within the sequences flanking the repeats. Furthermore, hypotheses were formulated on the evolutionary dynamics of the region. This study constitutes the largest variability report for the chicken MHC and establishes a framework for future diversity or association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olympe Chazara
- Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, UMR 1313, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Ndegwa EN, Joiner KS, Toro H, van Ginkel FW, van Santen VL. The proportion of specific viral subpopulations in attenuated Arkansas Delmarva poultry industry infectious bronchitis vaccines influences vaccination outcome. Avian Dis 2013; 56:642-53. [PMID: 23397834 DOI: 10.1637/10108-022912-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the significance of differing proportions of specific subpopulations among commercial Arkansas (Ark) Delmarva poultry industry (DPI) vaccines with regard to vaccination outcome. Two ArkDPI-derived vaccines that contain a higher proportion of viruses with S1 genes that become selected during replication in chickens exhibited more rapid establishment of those selected subpopulations in chickens, produced significantly higher viral loads in tears, and induced higher antibody responses compared with two other ArkDPI vaccines with lower proportions of viruses that become selected in chickens. The presence of higher proportions of selected subpopulations was also associated with a significantly higher incidence of respiratory signs early after vaccination and in some cases more severe tracheal lesions. However, one of the ArkDPI-derived vaccines with a lower proportion of selected subpopulations, despite producing a lower viral load in tears, also induced a higher incidence of respiratory signs later after vaccination and more severe tracheal lesions. Furthermore, one of the ArkDPI-derived vaccines with a higher proportion of selected subpopulations, despite producing a higher viral loads in tears, resulted in less severe tracheal damage. These discrepancies suggest that infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) load in tears may not always predict degree of tracheal damage and that phenotypic characteristics other than S1 may also be involved in severity of vaccine reactions following ArkDPI vaccine administration. We observed lower antibody responses to the vaccines that produced lower viral loads, which might contribute to the persistence of Ark serotype IBV vaccines observed in commercial flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice N Ndegwa
- Department of Pathobiology, 264 Greene Hall, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Gao CX, Han LX, Qu LD, Luo YZ, Han JL. Specific TaqMan probed real-time quantitative RT-PCR methods and their application to differentiate the transcripts of duplicated BF or BLB genes in chicken MHC. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 145:590-6. [PMID: 22326897 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BF and BLB genes of chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are responsible for classical antigen processing and presentation; therefore they play a central role in determining the genetic resistance or susceptibility of different MHC-B haplotypes to some infectious diseases. In this study, we developed specific TaqMan probed real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (TaqMan qRT-PCR) methods based on the diagnostic nucleotide polymorphisms present in duplicated BF or BLB genes in B2 and B19 haplotypes. The results showed very similar amplification efficiency but no cross-reaction between the duplicated BF or BLB genes of the same haplotype. Spleen mRNA samples of B2 and B19 chickens were used to validate these TaqMan qRT-PCR methods. We observed that BF2 or BLB2 gene was dominantly transcribed in all B2 and B19 chickens. Our findings verified the impact of diversified promoter sequences on the function of duplicated BF or BLB genes. Hence the principles adopted to establish these specific TaqMan qRT-PCR methods in this study can be applied to differentiate the transcripts of duplicated BF or BLB genes of other MHC-B haplotypes in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Lian L, Qu L, Zheng J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Xu G, Yang N. Expression profiles of genes within a subregion of chicken major histocompatibility complex B in spleen after Marek’s disease virus infection. Poult Sci 2010; 89:2123-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Haplotype variation, recombination, and gene conversion within the turkey MHC-B locus. Immunogenetics 2010; 62:465-77. [PMID: 20461369 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-010-0451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Downing T, O’Farrelly C, Bhuiyan AK, Silva P, Naqvi AN, Sanfo R, Sow RS, Podisi B, Hanotte O, Bradley DG. Variation in chicken populations may affect the enzymatic activity of lysozyme. Anim Genet 2010; 41:213-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dalgaard T, Boving MK, Handberg K, Jensen KH, Norup LR, Juul-Madsen HR. MHC Expression on Spleen Lymphocyte Subsets in Genetically Resistant and Susceptible Chickens Infected with Marek's Disease Virus. Viral Immunol 2009; 22:321-7. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2009.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Dalgaard
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare, and Nutrition, University of Aarhus, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mette K. Boving
- Division of Poultry, Fish, and Fur Animals, National Veterinary Institute, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kurt Handberg
- Division of Poultry, Fish, and Fur Animals, National Veterinary Institute, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin H. Jensen
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare, and Nutrition, University of Aarhus, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Liselotte R. Norup
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare, and Nutrition, University of Aarhus, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Helle R. Juul-Madsen
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare, and Nutrition, University of Aarhus, Tjele, Denmark
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