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Puga M, Serrano JG, García EL, González Carracedo MA, Jiménez-Canino R, Pino-Yanes M, Karlsson R, Sullivan PF, Fregel R. El Hierro Genome Study: A Genomic and Health Study in an Isolated Canary Island Population. J Pers Med 2024; 14:626. [PMID: 38929847 PMCID: PMC11204744 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
El Hierro is the smallest and westernmost island of the Canary Islands, whose population derives from an admixture of different ancestral components and that has been subjected to genetic isolation. We established the "El Hierro Genome Study" to characterize the health status and the genetic composition of ~10% of the current population of the island, accounting for a total of 1054 participants. Detailed demographic and clinical data and a blood sample for DNA extraction were obtained from each participant. Genomic genotyping was performed with the Global Screening Array (Illumina). The genetic composition of El Hierro was analyzed in a subset of 416 unrelated individuals by characterizing the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome haplogroups and performing principal component analyses (PCAs). In order to explore signatures of isolation, runs of homozygosity (ROHs) were also estimated. Among the participants, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes were the most prevalent conditions. The most common mtDNA haplogroups observed were of North African indigenous origin, while the Y-chromosome ones were mainly European. The PCA showed that the El Hierro population clusters near 1000 Genomes' European population but with a shift toward African populations. Moreover, the ROH analysis revealed some individuals with an important portion of their genomes with ROHs exceeding 400 Mb. Overall, these results confirmed that the "El Hierro Genome" cohort offers an opportunity to study the genetic basis of several diseases in an unexplored isolated population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Puga
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (M.P.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.G.C.); (M.P.-Y.)
| | - Javier G. Serrano
- Evolution, Paleogenomics and Population Genetics Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Elsa L. García
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (M.P.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.G.C.); (M.P.-Y.)
| | - Mario A. González Carracedo
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (M.P.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.G.C.); (M.P.-Y.)
- Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Rubén Jiménez-Canino
- Genomics Service, Servicio General de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - María Pino-Yanes
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (M.P.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.G.C.); (M.P.-Y.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.K.); (P.F.S.)
| | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.K.); (P.F.S.)
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rosa Fregel
- Evolution, Paleogenomics and Population Genetics Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain;
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Fregel R, Ordóñez AC, Serrano JG. The demography of the Canary Islands from a genetic perspective. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 30:R64-R71. [PMID: 33295602 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of European colonies across the world had important demographic consequences because it brought together diverse and distant civilizations for the first time. One clear example of this phenomenon is observed in the Canary Islands. The modern Canarian population is mainly the result of the admixture of natives of North African origin and European colonizers. However, additional migratory flows reached the islands due to the importation of enslaved Africans to cultivate sugarcane and the intense commercial contact with the American continent. In this review, we evaluate how the genetic analysis of indigenous, historical and current populations has provided a glimpse into the Canary Islands' complex genetic composition. We show that each island subpopulation's characterization is needed to fully disentangle the demographic history of the Canarian archipelago. Finally, we discuss what research avenues remain to be explored to improve our knowledge of the impact that the European colonization had on its native population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fregel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Alejandra C Ordóñez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.,Departamento Geografía e Historia, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Javier G Serrano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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Rodríguez-Esparragón F, López-Fernández JC, Buset-Ríos N, García-Bello MA, Hernández-Velazquez E, Cappiello L, Rodríguez-Pérez JC. Paraoxonase 1 and 2 gene variants and the ischemic stroke risk in Gran Canaria population: an association study and meta-analysis. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:191-198. [PMID: 26978533 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2016.1165675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between rs662 (Gln(Q)192Arg(R)) and rs854560 (L55M) and the rs7493 (S311C) in the paraoxonase genes and ischemic stroke (IS) in the population of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). The association with stroke was also evaluated using systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A total of 129 IS patients and 176 age and gender matched controls were enrolled. For meta-analysis, eligible studies were identified through search in public databases. RESULTS In multivariate regression analysis only the PON2 S311C variant showed to be an independent predictor of IS (OR = 0.093, 95% CI: 0.014-0.627). Overall, no significant association was found between L55M and IS when all studies were pooled nor by subgroup analysis by ethnicity. Gln192Arg showed a modest risk for IS in the global and in Asian population but with high heterogeneity among studies. A modest risk under a dominant inheritance model was found for the S311C variant with an overall random effect OR of 1.004 (95% CI: 1.00-1.35). There was strong evidence of heterogeneity among studies ( p = 0.0097, I2 = 25.35%) which did not disappear after stratification by ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS The overall analysis shows a significant contribution of the rs662 variant to IS risk. We found that the CC genotype of the PON2 S311C polymorphism is a risk factor for IS. Results of the meta-analysis partially support this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rodríguez-Esparragón
- a Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain.,c Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) , Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - Juan Carlos López-Fernández
- a Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain.,b Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain.,c Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) , Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - Nisa Buset-Ríos
- a Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - Miguel A García-Bello
- a Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - Erika Hernández-Velazquez
- a Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - Laura Cappiello
- a Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - José Carlos Rodríguez-Pérez
- a Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain.,b Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín , Gran Canaria , Spain.,c Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) , Gran Canaria , Spain
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Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Hernández JC, Gámez A, Pestano JJ, Arnay M, González AM. Isolation and prominent aboriginal maternal legacy in the present-day population of La Gomera (Canary Islands). Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:1236-43. [PMID: 25407001 PMCID: PMC4538205 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present-day population structure of La Gomera is outstanding in its high aboriginal heritage, the greatest in the Canary Islands. This was earlier confirmed by both mitochondrial DNA and autosomal analyses, although genetic drift due to the fifteenth century European colonization could not be excluded as the main factor responsible. The present mtDNA study of aboriginal remains and extant samples from the six municipal districts of the island indeed demonstrates that the pre-Hispanic colonization of La Gomera by North African people involved a strong founder event, shown by the high frequency of the indigenous Canarian U6b1a lineage in the aboriginal samples (65%). This value is even greater than that observed in the extant population (44%), which in turn is the highest of all the seven Canary Islands. In contrast to previous results obtained for the aboriginal populations of Tenerife and La Palma, haplogroups related to secondary waves of migration were not detected in La Gomera aborigines, indicating that isolation also had an important role in shaping the current population. The rugged relief of La Gomera divided into several distinct valleys probably promoted subsequent aboriginal intra-insular differentiation that has continued after the European colonization, as seen in the present-day population structure observed on the island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fregel
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Vicente M Cabrera
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José M Larruga
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan C Hernández
- Museo Arqueológico de La Gomera, Unidad de Patrimonio Histórico, Cabildo de La Gomera, San Sebastián de la Gomera, La Gomera, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gámez
- Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose J Pestano
- Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Matilde Arnay
- Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana M González
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Lialiaris T, Digkas E, Kareli D, Pouliliou S, Asimakopoulos B, Pagonopoulou O, Simopoulou M. Distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in Greece: an update. Int J Immunogenet 2011; 38:1-5. [PMID: 20670333 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2010.00958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the frequency of the antigens classifying the ABO and Rh blood groups in the Greek population. In this study the 3.5% were first generation immigrants with both their parents immigrants from countries of the USSR, while 1.2% had only one immigrant parent, while the other one was Greek. We compared the frequency of distribution of blood groups ABO and Rh to previous studies conducted at a time before Greece became destination for refugees and immigrants from East and Northeast countries. Blood samples were collected from first year medical students. The frequency of distribution of the ABO and Rh blood groups was slightly differentiated in comparison to previous relevant studies. Significant increase was recorded with respect to the emergence of blood group B in the population investigated, and a considerable reduction was noted in blood group O. In reference to the remaining blood groups, no statistically significant difference was documented. The genetic pool and the genetic inventory of the population residing in Greece have been modified during the last years potentially due to the first generation immigrants. The results of this study could contribute significantly to the National Health System in aiding the prediction of percussions of certain diseases related to blood groups, as well as the requirement for certain blood groups within the blood donation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lialiaris
- Department of Genetics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece.
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Sologuren I, Boisson-Dupuis S, Pestano J, Vincent QB, Fernández-Pérez L, Chapgier A, Cárdenes M, Feinberg J, García-Laorden MI, Picard C, Santiago E, Kong X, Jannière L, Colino E, Herrera-Ramos E, Francés A, Navarrete C, Blanche S, Faria E, Remiszewski P, Cordeiro A, Freeman A, Holland S, Abarca K, Valerón-Lemaur M, Gonçalo-Marques J, Silveira L, García-Castellano JM, Caminero J, Pérez-Arellano JL, Bustamante J, Abel L, Casanova JL, Rodríguez-Gallego C. Partial recessive IFN-γR1 deficiency: genetic, immunological and clinical features of 14 patients from 11 kindreds. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:1509-23. [PMID: 21266457 PMCID: PMC3115578 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a series of 14 patients from 11 kindreds with recessive partial (RP)-interferon (IFN)-γR1 deficiency. The I87T mutation was found in nine homozygous patients from Chile, Portugal and Poland, and the V63G mutation was found in five homozygous patients from the Canary Islands. Founder effects accounted for the recurrence of both mutations. The most recent common ancestors of the patients with the I87T and V63G mutations probably lived 1600 (875-2950) and 500 (200-1275) years ago, respectively. The two alleles confer phenotypes that are similar but differ in terms of IFN-γR1 levels and residual response to IFN-γ. The patients suffered from bacillus Calmette-Guérin-osis (n= 6), environmental mycobacteriosis (n= 6) or tuberculosis (n= 1). One patient did not suffer from mycobacterial infections but had disseminated salmonellosis, which was also present in two other patients. Age at onset of the first environmental mycobacterial disease differed widely between patients, with a mean value of 11.25 ± 9.13 years. Thirteen patients survived until the age of 14.82 ± 11.2 years, and one patient died at the age of 7 years, 9 days after the diagnosis of long-term Mycobacterium avium infection and the initiation of antimycobacterial treatment. Up to 10 patients are currently free of infection with no prophylaxis. The clinical heterogeneity of the 14 patients was not clearly related to either IFNGR1 genotype or the resulting cellular phenotype. RP-IFN-γR1 deficiency is, thus, more common than initially thought and should be considered in both children and adults with mild or severe mycobacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose Pestano
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Physiology, Genetics and Immunology
| | - Quentin Benoit Vincent
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Leandro Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Clinical Sciences-Pharmacology Unit, Molecular and Translational Endocrinology Group and
| | - Ariane Chapgier
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - María Cárdenes
- Department of Immunology
- Canarian Institute for Cancer Research, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Feinberg
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Capucine Picard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Study Center of Primary Immunodeficiencies and
| | | | - Xiaofei Kong
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucile Jannière
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Elena Colino
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Infectious Diseases
| | | | | | - Carmen Navarrete
- Department of Immunology, Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Stéphane Blanche
- Pediatric Immunology and Hematology Unit, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Paweł Remiszewski
- IIIrd Department of Lung Diseases, National Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ana Cordeiro
- Department of Medicine, Coimbra Pediatric Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Steven Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Katia Abarca
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - José Gonçalo-Marques
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal and
| | - Luisa Silveira
- Department of Pediatrics, Santo Espirito de Angra do Heroísmo EPE Hospital, Angra do Heroìsmo, Portugal
| | - José Manuel García-Castellano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Research Unit and
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Insular-Materno Infantil Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Caminero
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Gran Canaria Dr Negrín University Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Luis Pérez-Arellano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Pediatric Immunology and Hematology Unit, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Gallego
- Department of Immunology
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Canarian Institute for Cancer Research, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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