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Bolarín JM, Pérez-Cárceles M, Luna A, Minguela A, Muro M, Legaz I. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genes can be an adequate tool in forensic anthropological studies: evaluation in a wide Caucasian Spanish population. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2021.1930156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Bolarín
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - M.D. Pérez-Cárceles
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - A. Luna
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - A. Minguela
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de investigación biosanitaria (IMIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), Murcia, Spain
| | - M. Muro
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de investigación biosanitaria (IMIB) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), Murcia, Spain
| | - I. Legaz
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Genotype B of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor is Related with Gastric Cancer Lesions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6104. [PMID: 29666399 PMCID: PMC5904182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells are important in innate immunity for their capacity to kill infected or cancer cells. The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are a family of polymorphic genes with inhibitory and activating functions. The main driving force for gastric cancer (GC) development is a chronic response, which causes an increase of NK cells in the gastric mucosa. The aim of this work was to study polymorphisms in KIR genes in patients with either GC or non-atrophic gastritis (NAG). We studied 242 patients (130 with NAG and 112 with GC) and contrasted with 146 asymptomatic individuals. We analyzed diversity in the content and localization of KIR genes in the different clinical groups studied. Four activating and one inhibitory genes were associated with GC: 2DS1 (OR 3.41), 2DS3 (OR 4.66), 2DS5 (OR 2.25), 3DS1 (OR 3.35) and 2DL5 (OR 3.6). The following were also found as risk factors for GC: Bx genotype (OR 4.2), Bx-Bx centromere-telomere (OR 2.55), cA01|cB03 (OR 36.39) and tB01|tB01 (OR 7.55) gene content and three B motifs (OR 10.9). Polymorphisms in KIR genes were associated with GC and suggest that mutated NK cells may contribute to GC development by increasing gastric mucosa inflammation, leading to constant tissue damage.
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Distribution of KIR genes and KIR2DS4 gene variants in two Mexican Mestizo populations. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:614-620. [PMID: 28734803 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are transmembrane proteins that regulate NK and T cell subsets by recognizing HLA-I molecules as ligands. The KIR gene family consists of 16 genes, located at chromosome 19q13.4. KIR gene frequencies vary among populations. In Mexico, HLA and genetic ancestry studies show that Mestizo populations have different genetic backgrounds based on admixture with European, African, and Asian ancestry. This study aimed to evaluate the frequencies of KIR genes and genotypes in Guerrero and Jalisco, two Mexican Mestizo populations located in the south and the west of the country, respectively, and to compare these frequencies with those of other populations. KIR genotyping was performed by SSP-PCR. We observed that KIR gene frequencies were similar in both populations. There were 24 genotypes observed in Guerrero, 38 genotypes observed in Jalisco, 15 genotypes shared in both populations and 32 genotypes unique to one population or the other. In 10 individuals, nine novel genotypes were identified. KIR2DS4 gene variants showed significant differences: The KIR2DS4full gene was more common in Guerrero (p<0.0001), and the KIR2DS4del variant was more common in Jalisco (p<0.05). Differences in KIR2DS4 gene variants and genotypic profiles could be influenced by the genetic admixture in both regions.
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Juárez-Vega G, Rangel-Ramírez V, Monsiváis-Urenda A, Niño-Moreno P, Garcia-Sepúlveda C, Noyola DE, González-Amaro R. Comparative analysis of NK cell receptor repertoire in adults and very elderly subjects with cytomegalovirus infection. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:274-280. [PMID: 28093266 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in children and young adults has been associated with changes in the innate immune system. We herein analyzed the possible effect of very long term HCMV infection on the expression of several NK cell receptors. Ninety HCMV-seropositive individuals were included and classified as young adults (n=30), elderly (n=30) and very elderly subjects (n=30). A peripheral blood sample was obtained and the expression of NK cell receptors (NKG2A, NKG2C, ILT2, CD161, KIR2DL1, KIR3DL1, and KIR3DL2) by NK and other lymphocyte subsets was assessed by flow cytometry. In addition, the frequency of the sixteen KIR genes was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. We found a significant increase in the number of NKG2C+ NK and T cells in elderly individuals compared to young adults accompanied by an opposite trend in the number of NKG2A+ lymphocytes, and ILT2+ cells were also increased in elderly individuals. A significant increase in the levels of CD3-CD56+NKG2C+CD57+ cells was also detected in the elderly groups. Finally, KIR gene analysis revealed that the KIR genotype 2 was significantly less frequent in the elderly individuals. Our results support that long-term infection by HCMV exerts a significant progressive effect on the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Velia Rangel-Ramírez
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Adriana Monsiváis-Urenda
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico; Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Perla Niño-Moreno
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico; Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | | | - Daniel E Noyola
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Roberto González-Amaro
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico; Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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5
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Alvarado-Hernández DL, Benítez-Sánchez A, Rodríguez-Cuevas JS, Rosales-Saavedra T, Guerra-Palomares SE, Comas-García A, Noyola DE, García-Sepúlveda CA. Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and cytomegalovirus reactivation during late pregnancy. Int J Immunogenet 2016; 43:189-99. [PMID: 27277336 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) represents an important public health concern as it is associated with severe morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients, HIV-infected individuals and pregnant women given the risk of congenital infection. Congenital CMV is a leading cause of neurological sequelae, developmental delay and birth defects worldwide. Cytomegalovirus can be transmitted to the foetus following maternal infection or reactivation. NK cells expressing killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are part of the innate immune system and the first line of defence against viral incursions. Previous reports have shown that KIR genes are associated with CMV infections in the post-transplant setting. In this study, we set out to determine whether a protective effect of KIR genes over CMV infection is seen in Mexican pregnant women. Cytomegalovirus infection was assessed through nucleic acid testing in 200 pregnant women and 600 healthy blood donors comprising the Mexican mestizo reference population. Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and HLA-C genotypes were obtained from 200 pregnant women and 300 reference samples using a comprehensive PCR-SSP approach. We observed statistically lower carrier frequencies of cB03|tA01 gene-content haplotype, of cB03 haplotype motif, of the KIR2DL5 + 2DS3/2DS5 gene pair and of KIR2DL5 amongst CMV-positive pregnant women in comparison with those CMV negative. None of these were associated with CMV status in the reference population. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the most important factor determining CMV status during third-trimester pregnancies was the KIR2DL5 + 2DS3/2DS5 gene pair (OR 0.376 (95%CI 0.174, 0.811, P = 0.013). Our results indicate that CMV-protective KIR gene associations described in Caucasoid populations are also present in the genetically distinct Mexican mestizo population. Our results suggest that certain KIR gene combinations provide protection against CMV infections occurring during late-term pregnancies, a finding of utmost epidemiological importance given its implication with congenital CMV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Alvarado-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Genómica Viral y Humana, Facultad de Medicina UASLP, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - A Benítez-Sánchez
- División de Gineco-Obstetricia, Hospital Central 'Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto', San Luis Potosí, México
| | - J S Rodríguez-Cuevas
- División de Gineco-Obstetricia, Hospital Central 'Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto', San Luis Potosí, México
| | - T Rosales-Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Genómica Viral y Humana, Facultad de Medicina UASLP, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - S E Guerra-Palomares
- Laboratorio de Genómica Viral y Humana, Facultad de Medicina UASLP, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - A Comas-García
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina UASLP, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - D E Noyola
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina UASLP, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - C A García-Sepúlveda
- Laboratorio de Genómica Viral y Humana, Facultad de Medicina UASLP, San Luis Potosí, México
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Garrido-Rodríguez D, Ávila-Ríos S, García-Morales C, Valenzuela-Ponce H, Ormsby C, Reyes-Gopar H, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Reyes-Terán G. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen gene profiles in a cohort of HIV-infected Mexican Mestizos. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:703-17. [PMID: 27240860 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) represent the most polymorphic genes responsible for natural killer cell function, while human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules define and restrict cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Specific KIR, HLA, or KIR-HLA combinations have been implicated in the outcome of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. The remarkable polymorphism of KIR and HLA genes warrants descriptive gene frequency studies in different populations, as well as their impact on HIV disease progression in different immunogenetic contexts. We report KIR and HLA class I gene profiles of 511 unrelated HIV-infected Mexican Mestizo individuals from 18 states for whom genetic ancestry proportions were assessed. KIR and HLA gene profiles were compared between individuals from the north and central-south regions of the country and between individuals with higher European (EUR) or Amerindian (AMI) genetic ancestry component. A total of 65 KIR genotypes were observed, 11 harboring novel KIR gene combinations. A total of 164 HLA alleles were observed: 43 HLA-A, 87 HLA-B, and 34 HLA-C. Differences in the distribution of 12 HLA alleles were observed between individuals with higher AMI or EUR ancestry components (p < 0.05, q < 0.2). After correcting for genetic ancestry, only individual HLA alleles were associated with HIV disease progression, including a novel association with A*02:06, an Amerindian HLA allele associated with lower CD4+ T cell counts. No KIR effects were significant. Our results highlight the advantages of considering a detailed genetic stratification within populations when studying genetic profiles that could be implicated in disease-association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Garrido-Rodríguez
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Santiago Ávila-Ríos
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia García-Morales
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto Valenzuela-Ponce
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christopher Ormsby
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Helena Reyes-Gopar
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gustavo Reyes-Terán
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Noyola DE, Juárez-Vega G, Monjarás-Ávila C, Escalante-Padrón F, Rangel-Ramírez V, Cadena-Mota S, Monsiváis-Urenda A, García-Sepúlveda CA, González-Amaro R. NK cell immunophenotypic and genotypic analysis of infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 59:389-97. [PMID: 25988502 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Reduced numbers of NK cells have been reported in infants with severe RSV infection; however, the precise role of NK cells during acute RSV infection is unclear. In this study the NK and T cell phenotypes, LILRB1 gene polymorphisms and KIR genotypes of infants hospitalized with RSV infection were analyzed. Compared to controls, infants with acute RSV infection showed a higher proportion of LILRB1+ T cells; in addition, a subgroup of infants with RSV infection showed an increase in LILRB1+ NK cells. No differences in NKG2C, NKG2A, or CD161 expression between RSV infected infants and controls were observed. LILRB1 genotype distribution of the rs3760860 A>G, and rs3760861 A>G single nucleotide polymorphisms differed between infants with RSV infection and healthy donors, whereas no differences in any of the KIR genes were observed. Our results suggest that LILRB1 participates in the pathogenesis of RSV infection. Further studies are needed to define the role of LILRB1+ NK in response to RSV and to confirm an association between LILRB1 polymorphisms and the risk of severe RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian A García-Sepúlveda
- Viral and Human Genomics Laboratory, Medical School, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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8
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KIR Genes and Patterns Given by the A Priori Algorithm: Immunity for Haematological Malignancies. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2015; 2015:141363. [PMID: 26495028 PMCID: PMC4606520 DOI: 10.1155/2015/141363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are membrane proteins expressed by cells of innate and adaptive immunity. The KIR system consists of 17 genes and 614 alleles arranged into different haplotypes. KIR genes modulate susceptibility to haematological malignancies, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases. Molecular epidemiology studies rely on traditional statistical methods to identify associations between KIR genes and disease. We have previously described our results by applying support vector machines to identify associations between KIR genes and disease. However, rules specifying which haplotypes are associated with greater susceptibility to malignancies are lacking. Here we present the results of our investigation into the rules governing haematological malignancy susceptibility. We have studied the different haplotypic combinations of 17 KIR genes in 300 healthy individuals and 43 patients with haematological malignancies (25 with leukaemia and 18 with lymphomas). We compare two machine learning algorithms against traditional statistical analysis and show that the “a priori” algorithm is capable of discovering patterns unrevealed by previous algorithms and statistical approaches.
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Association of KIR3DL1/S1 and HLA-Bw4 with CD4 T cell counts in HIV-infected Mexican mestizos. Immunogenetics 2015; 67:413-24. [PMID: 26033692 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-015-0848-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Certain genotypic combinations of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and human leukocyte antigens (HLA) have been associated with favourable outcomes after exposure to human immunodeficiency virus in Caucasoid and African populations. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by a rapid exhaustion of CD4 cells, which results in impaired cellular immunity. During this early phase of infection, it is thought that the natural killer (NK) cells represent the main effector arm of the host immune response to HIV. This study investigates whether KIR and HLA factors are associated to CD4 T cell numbers after HIV infection in Mexican mestizos as assessed at the time of initial medical evaluation and subsequent clinical follow-up. KIR and HLA-B gene carrier frequency differences were compared between groups of patients stratified by CD4 T cell numbers as assessed during their first medical evaluation (a point in time at which all patients were anti-retroviral therapy naïve). In addition, the influence that these genetic factors have on averaged historical CD4 cell counts in patients subjected to follow-up (mostly therapy-experienced) was also evaluated. Our results suggest a protective role for the HLA-Bw4 and KIR3D + Bw4 combination in both therapy-naïve and therapy-experienced patients. This report furthers our understanding on the way that immune genes modulate HIV disease progression in less-studied human populations such as the Mexican mestizos with a special focus on CD4 T cell number and behaviour.
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Rangel-Ramírez VV, Garcia-Sepulveda CA, Escalante-Padrón F, Pérez-González LF, Rangel-Castilla A, Aranda-Romo S, Noyola DE. NKG2C gene deletion in the Mexican population and lack of association to respiratory viral infections. Int J Immunogenet 2013; 41:126-30. [PMID: 24305414 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Expansion of a natural killer (NK) cell population that expresses NKG2C has been associated with cytomegalovirus and other viral infections. It has been suggested that this cell population may play a role in infection control. Deletion of the NKG2C gene (homozygous or heterozygous) has been reported with high prevalence in European and Asian populations. However, the effect of NKG2C genotype on NK cell responses to infection remains poorly defined. We determined the prevalence of the NKG2C deletion in a Mexican population (n = 300) and in a group of patients (n = 131) to assess whether NKG2C genotype affects the incidence of symptomatic viral infections caused by influenza or respiratory syncytial virus. The frequency of the NKG2C deletion haplotype in Mexican mestizos was significantly lower (10.3%) than that reported in other populations (17.5-21.9%). No difference in the prevalence of NKG2C deletion was observed in subjects with viral infections compared with the reference population. In addition, no differences in clinical characteristics and infection outcome were observed between patients with and without the NKG2C gene deletion. Our results indicate that copy number variation in the NKG2C gene has no impact on the severity of respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Rangel-Ramírez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
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11
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Support vector machine algorithms in the search of KIR gene associations with disease. Comput Biol Med 2013; 43:2053-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Jiang B, Wang A, Ju Z, Zhang Y. Diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor genes in the Mongolian population. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:787-91. [PMID: 23380139 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor (KIR) is highly polymorphic in genotype, haplotype and allele levels. This study was done to investigate KIR genes frequencies, genotypes and inheritance in Mongolian. Gene-specific PCR amplification was used to identify the presence or absence of 16 KIR loci.KIR genotypes were obtained by a KIR genotypes website. The KIR genes frequencies of Mongolian were compared to 24 different populations around the world. The distribution of haplotype B in Mongolian was higher than that in Mongoloid and less than that in Caucasian. Thirty discovered genotypes and five novel genotypes were identified from 1 to 34 individuals. 37.8% of Mongolian carried KIR haplotype AA.Mongolian was exhibited between North Mongoloid and Caucasus by principal component and genetic tree analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, China
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13
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Aranda-Romo S, Garcia-Sepulveda CA, Comas-García A, Lovato-Salas F, Salgado-Bustamante M, Gómez-Gómez A, Noyola DE. Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in severe A (H1N1) 2009 influenza infections. Immunogenetics 2012; 64:653-62. [PMID: 22652695 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-012-0623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of a novel influenza virus into the human population leads to the occurrence of pandemic events, such as the one caused by pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus. The severity of infections caused by this virus in young adults was greater than that observed in patients with seasonal influenza. Fatal cases have been associated with an abnormal innate, proinflammatory immune response. A critical role for natural killer cells during the initial responses to influenza infections has been suggested. In this study, we assessed the association of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) with disease severity by comparing KIR gene content in patients with mild and severe pandemic influenza virus infections to a control group. We found that activator (KIR3DS1 and KIR2DS5) and inhibitory (KIR2DL5) genes, encoded in group B haplotypes containing the cB01, cB03 and tB01 motifs, are associated with severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infections. Better understanding of how genetic variability contributes to influenza virus pathogenesis may help to the development of immune intervention strategies aiming at controlling the severity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saray Aranda-Romo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Venustiano Carranza #2405, Colonia los Filtros, 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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