1
|
Moreno S, Castellanos M, Bedoya-Pérez LP, Canales-Herrerías P, Espín G, Muriel-Millán LF. Outer membrane protein I is associated with poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules and is necessary for optimal polymer accumulation in Azotobacter vinelandii on solid medium. Microbiology (Reading) 2019; 165:1107-1116. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Moreno
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
| | - Mildred Castellanos
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
- Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leidy Patricia Bedoya-Pérez
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
- Present address: Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Pablo Canales-Herrerías
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
- Present address: Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
| | - Guadalupe Espín
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
| | - Luis Felipe Muriel-Millán
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Im DK, Yun SH, Jung JY, Lee J, Oh MK. Comparison of metabolite profiling of Ralstonia eutropha H16 phaBCA mutants grown on different carbon sources. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
3
|
Qi H, Lv M, Song K, Wen J. Integration of parallel13C-labeling experiments and in silico pathway analysis for enhanced production of ascomycin. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:1036-1044. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Kejing Song
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Choi PH, Jo J, Lin YC, Lin MH, Chou CY, Dietrich LEP, Tong L. A distinct holoenzyme organization for two-subunit pyruvate carboxylase. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12713. [PMID: 27708276 PMCID: PMC5059739 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) has important roles in metabolism and is crucial for virulence for some pathogenic bacteria. PC contains biotin carboxylase (BC), carboxyltransferase (CT) and biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) components. It is a single-chain enzyme in eukaryotes and most bacteria, and functions as a 500 kD homo-tetramer. In contrast, PC is a two-subunit enzyme in a collection of Gram-negative bacteria, with the α subunit containing the BC and the β subunit the CT and BCCP domains, and it is believed that the holoenzyme has α4β4 stoichiometry. We report here the crystal structures of a two-subunit PC from Methylobacillus flagellatus. Surprisingly, our structures reveal an α2β4 stoichiometry, and the overall architecture of the holoenzyme is strikingly different from that of the homo-tetrameric PCs. Biochemical and mutagenesis studies confirm the stoichiometry and other structural observations. Our functional studies in Pseudomonas aeruginosa show that its two-subunit PC is important for colony morphogenesis. Pyruvate carboxylases are homotetrameric enzymes in eukaryotes and most bacteria. Here, the authors report the structure of an unusual two-subunit form of the enzyme from the Gram-negative bacterium Methylobacillus flagellates, revealing an unexpected α2β4 stoichiometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip H Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Jeanyoung Jo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yu-Cheng Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Min-Han Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Chou
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Lars E P Dietrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Liang Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Phasins, Multifaceted Polyhydroxyalkanoate Granule-Associated Proteins. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5060-7. [PMID: 27287326 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01161-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phasins are the major polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granule-associated proteins. They promote bacterial growth and PHA synthesis and affect the number, size, and distribution of the granules. These proteins can be classified in 4 families with distinctive characteristics. Low-resolution structural studies and in silico predictions were performed in order to elucidate the structure of different phasins. Most of these proteins share some common structural features, such as a preponderant α-helix composition, the presence of disordered regions that provide flexibility to the protein, and coiled-coil interacting regions that form oligomerization domains. Due to their amphiphilic nature, these proteins play an important structural function, forming an interphase between the hydrophobic content of PHA granules and the hydrophilic cytoplasm content. Phasins have been observed to affect both PHA accumulation and utilization. Apart from their role as granule structural proteins, phasins have a remarkable variety of additional functions. Different phasins have been determined to (i) activate PHA depolymerization, (ii) increase the expression and activity of PHA synthases, (iii) participate in PHA granule segregation, and (iv) have both in vivo and in vitro chaperone activities. These properties suggest that phasins might play an active role in PHA-related stress protection and fitness enhancement. Due to their granule binding capacity and structural flexibility, several biotechnological applications have been developed using different phasins, increasing the interest in the study of these remarkable proteins.
Collapse
|
6
|
Anjum A, Zuber M, Zia KM, Noreen A, Anjum MN, Tabasum S. Microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and its copolymers: A review of recent advancements. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:161-74. [PMID: 27126172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Traditional mineral oil based plastics are important commodity to enhance the comfort and quality of life but the accumulation of these plastics in the environment has become a major universal problem due to their low biodegradation. Solution to the plastic waste management includes incineration, recycling and landfill disposal methods. These processes are very time consuming and expensive. Biopolymers are important alternatives to the petroleum-based plastics due to environment friendly manufacturing processes, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Therefore use of novel biopolymers, such as polylactide, polysaccharides, aliphatic polyesters and polyhydroxyalkanoates is of interest. PHAs are biodegradable polyesters of hydroxyalkanoates (HA) produced from renewable resources by using microorganisms as intracellular carbon and energy storage compounds. Even though PHAs are promising candidate for biodegradable polymers, however, the production cost limit their application on an industrial scale. This article provides an overview of various substrates, microorganisms for the economical production of PHAs and its copolymers. Recent advances in PHAs to reduce the cost and to improve the performance of PHAs have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anbreen Anjum
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Zuber
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan.
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Aqdas Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | | | - Shazia Tabasum
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peña C, Castillo T, García A, Millán M, Segura D. Biotechnological strategies to improve production of microbial poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate): a review of recent research work. Microb Biotechnol 2015; 7:278-93. [PMID: 24898500 PMCID: PMC4241722 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] is a polyester synthesized as a carbon and energy reserve material by a wide number of bacteria. This polymer is characterized by its thermo-plastic properties similar to plastics derived from petrochemical industry, such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Furthermore, P(3HB) is an inert, biocompatible and biodegradable material which has been proposed for several uses in medical and biomedical areas. Currently, only few bacterial species such as Cupriavidus necator, Azohydromonas lata and recombinant Escherichia coli have been successfully used for P(3HB) production at industrial level. Nevertheless, in recent years, several fermentation strategies using other microbial models such as Azotobacter vinelandii, A. chroococcum, as well as some methane-utilizing species, have been developed in order to improve the P(3HB) production and also its mean molecular weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Peña
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Muriel-Millán LF, Castellanos M, Hernandez-Eligio JA, Moreno S, Espín G. Posttranscriptional regulation of PhbR, the transcriptional activator of polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis, by iron and the sRNA ArrF in Azotobacter vinelandii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:2173-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
9
|
Castillo T, Heinzle E, Peifer S, Schneider K, Peña M CF. Oxygen supply strongly influences metabolic fluxes, the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and alginate, and the degree of acetylation of alginate in Azotobacter vinelandii. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Peña C, López S, García A, Espín G, Romo-Uribe A, Segura D. Biosynthesis of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) with a high molecular mass by a mutant strain of Azotobacter vinelandii (OPN). ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
11
|
Proteome analysis of Azotobacter vinelandii ∆arrF mutant that overproduces poly-β-hydroxybutyrate polymer. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:1343-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
12
|
Kukavica-Ibrulj I, Sanschagrin F, Peterson A, Whiteley M, Boyle B, MacKay J, Levesque RC. Functional genomics of PycR, a LysR family transcriptional regulator essential for maintenance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the rat lung. Microbiology (Reading) 2008; 154:2106-2118. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/011239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kukavica-Ibrulj
- Centre de Recherche sur la Fonction, Structure et Ingénierie des Protéines, Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, QC G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - François Sanschagrin
- Centre de Recherche sur la Fonction, Structure et Ingénierie des Protéines, Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, QC G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - Ashley Peterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Marvin Whiteley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Brian Boyle
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Pavillon Charles-Eugène Marchand, Université Laval, QC G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - John MacKay
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Pavillon Charles-Eugène Marchand, Université Laval, QC G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - Roger C. Levesque
- Centre de Recherche sur la Fonction, Structure et Ingénierie des Protéines, Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, QC G1K 7P4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Segura D, Mahadevan R, Juárez K, Lovley DR. Computational and experimental analysis of redundancy in the central metabolism of Geobacter sulfurreducens. PLoS Comput Biol 2008; 4:e36. [PMID: 18266464 PMCID: PMC2233667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous model-based analysis of the metabolic network of Geobacter sulfurreducens suggested the existence of several redundant pathways. Here, we identified eight sets of redundant pathways that included redundancy for the assimilation of acetate, and for the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. These equivalent pathways and two other sub-optimal pathways were studied using 5 single-gene deletion mutants in those pathways for the evaluation of the predictive capacity of the model. The growth phenotypes of these mutants were studied under 12 different conditions of electron donor and acceptor availability. The comparison of the model predictions with the resulting experimental phenotypes indicated that pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase is the only activity able to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. However, the results and the modeling showed that the two acetate activation pathways present are not only active, but needed due to the additional role of the acetyl-CoA transferase in the TCA cycle, probably reflecting the adaptation of these bacteria to acetate utilization. In other cases, the data reconciliation suggested additional capacity constraints that were confirmed with biochemical assays. The results demonstrate the need to experimentally verify the activity of key enzymes when developing in silico models of microbial physiology based on sequence-based reconstruction of metabolic networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Segura
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahadevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Katy Juárez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Derek R Lovley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cereda A, Carpen A, Picariello G, Iriti M, Faoro F, Ferranti P, Pagani S. Effects of the deficiency of the rhodanese-like protein RhdA inAzotobacter vinelandii. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:1625-30. [PMID: 17383639 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In Azotobacter vinelandii the rhdA gene codes for a protein (RhdA) of the rhodanese-homology superfamily. By combining proteomics, enzymic profiles and ultrastructural observations, the phenotype of an A. vinelandii rhdA mutant was analyzed. We found that the A. vinelandii rhdA mutant, and not the wild-type strain, accumulated polyhydroxybutyrate. RhdA deficiency enhanced the expression of enzymes of the polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthetic operon, and affected the activity of specific tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes. The effect was dramatic on aconitase, in spite of comparable expression of aconitase polypeptides in both strains. By using a model system, we found that RhdA triggered protection from oxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Cereda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari Agroalimentari, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Galindo E, Peña C, Núñez C, Segura D, Espín G. Molecular and bioengineering strategies to improve alginate and polydydroxyalkanoate production by Azotobacter vinelandii. Microb Cell Fact 2007; 6:7. [PMID: 17306024 PMCID: PMC1805506 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-6-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Several aspects of alginate and PHB synthesis in Azotobacter vinelandii at a molecular level have been elucidated in articles published during the last ten years. It is now clear that alginate and PHB synthesis are under a very complex genetic control. Genetic modification of A. vinelandii has produced a number of very interesting mutants which have particular traits for alginate production. One of these mutants has been shown to produce the alginate with the highest mean molecular mass so far reported. Recent work has also shed light on the factors determining molecular mass distribution; the most important of these being identified as; dissolved oxygen tension and specific growth rate. The use of specific mutants has been very useful for the correct analysis and interpretation of the factors affecting polymerization. Recent scale-up/down work on alginate production has shown that oxygen limitation is crucial for producing alginate of high molecular mass, a condition which is optimized in shake flasks and which can now be reproduced in stirred fermenters. It is clear that the phenotypes of mutants grown on plates are not necessarily reproducible when the strains are tested in lab or bench scale fermenters. In the case of PHB, A. vinelandii has shown itself able to produce relatively large amounts of this polymer of high molecular weight on cheap substrates, even allowing for simple extraction processes. The development of fermentation strategies has also shown promising results in terms of improving productivity. The understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of PHB synthesis, and of its metabolic relationships, has increased considerably, making way for new potential strategies for the further improvement of PHB production. Overall, the use of a multidisciplinary approach, integrating molecular and bioengineering aspects is a necessity for optimizing alginate and PHB production in A. vinelandii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Galindo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional, Autónoma de México, Apdo. Post. 510-3 Cuernavaca, 62250, Morelos, México
| | - Carlos Peña
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional, Autónoma de México, Apdo. Post. 510-3 Cuernavaca, 62250, Morelos, México
| | - Cinthia Núñez
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma, de México, Apdo. Post. 510-3 Cuernavaca, 62250, Morelos, México
| | - Daniel Segura
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma, de México, Apdo. Post. 510-3 Cuernavaca, 62250, Morelos, México
| | - Guadalupe Espín
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma, de México, Apdo. Post. 510-3 Cuernavaca, 62250, Morelos, México
| |
Collapse
|