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Huang A, Wu X, Lu F, Liu F. Sustainable Production of Ulva Oligosaccharides via Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A Review on Ulvan Lyase. Foods 2024; 13:2820. [PMID: 39272585 PMCID: PMC11395424 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulvan is a water-soluble sulfated polysaccharide extracted from the green algae cell wall. Compared with polysaccharides, oligosaccharides have drawn increasing attention in various industries due to their enhanced biocompatibility and solubility. Ulvan lyase degrades polysaccharides into low molecular weight oligosaccharides through the β-elimination mechanism. The elucidation of the structure, catalytic mechanism, and molecular modification of ulvan lyase will be helpful to obtain high value-added products from marine biomass resources, as well as reduce environmental pollution caused by the eutrophication of green algae. This review summarizes the structure and bioactivity of ulvan, the microbial origin of ulvan lyase, as well as its sequence, three-dimensional structure, and enzymatic mechanism. In addition, the molecular modification of ulvan lyase, prospects and challenges in the application of enzymatic methods to prepare oligosaccharides are also discussed. It provides information for the preparation of bioactive Ulva oligosaccharides through enzymatic hydrolysis, the technological bottlenecks, and possible solutions to address these issues within the enzymatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailan Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinming Wu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Fuping Lu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China
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2
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Pilgaard B, Vuillemin M, Munk L, Holck J, Meier S, Wilkens C, Meyer AS. Discovery of a Novel Glucuronan Lyase System in Trichoderma parareesei. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0181921. [PMID: 34705548 PMCID: PMC8752158 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01819-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucuronan lyases (EC 4.2.2.14) catalyze depolymerization of linear β-(1,4)-polyglucuronic acid (glucuronan). Only a few glucuronan lyases have been characterized until now, most of them originating from bacteria. Here we report the discovery, recombinant production, and functional characterization of the full complement of six glucuronan specific polysaccharide lyases in the necrotic mycoparasite Trichoderma parareesei. The enzymes belong to four different polysaccharide lyase families and have different reaction optima and glucuronan degradation profiles. Four of them showed endo-lytic action and two, TpPL8A and TpPL38A, displayed exo-lytic action. Nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that the monomeric end product from TpPL8A and TpPL38A underwent spontaneous rearrangements to tautomeric forms. Proteomic analysis of the secretomes from T. parareesei growing on pure glucuronan and lyophilized A. bisporus fruiting bodies, respectively, showed secretion of five of the glucuronan lyases and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection analysis confirmed the presence of glucuronic acid in the A. bisporus fruiting bodies. By systematic genome annotation of more than 100 fungal genomes and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of the putative glucuronan lyases, we show that glucuronan lyases occur in several ecological and taxonomic groups in the fungal kingdom. Our findings suggest that a diverse repertoire of glucuronan lyases is a common trait among Hypocreales species with mycoparasitic and entomopathogenic lifestyles. IMPORTANCE This paper reports the discovery of a set of six complementary glucuronan lyase enzymes in the mycoparasite Trichoderma parareseei. Apart from the novelty of the discovery of these enzymes in T. parareesei, the key importance of the study is the finding that the majority of these lyases are induced when T. parareesei is inoculated on Basidiomycete cell walls that contain glucuronan. The study also reveals putative glucuronan lyase encoding genes in a wealth of other fungi that furthermore points at fungal cell wall glucuronan being a target C-source for many types of fungi. In a technical context, the findings may lead to controlled production of glucuronan oligomers for advanced pharmaceutical applications and pave the way for development of new fungal biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pilgaard
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marlene Vuillemin
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Line Munk
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Holck
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Meier
- DTU Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Casper Wilkens
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne S. Meyer
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Industrially Important Genes from Trichoderma. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91650-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Inoue A, Kudo M, Werner E, Ojima T. Identification and characterization of cellouronate (β-1,4-linked polyglucuronic acid) lyase from the scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117306. [PMID: 33357872 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The semisynthetic polysaccharide cellouronate is a β-1,4-linked polyglucuronic acid prepared from regenerated cellulose by chemical oxidation. Here, we isolated a novel enzyme, MyAly, as a cellouronate lyase from a scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis. Its optimum temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration for cellouronate degradation were determined to be 30 °C, 6.9, and 200-500 mM, respectively. MyAly endolytically degraded cellouronate into unsaturated di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides with kcat of 31.1 s-1. MyAly also showed an alginate-degradation activity with a kcat value of 0.58 s-1. However, there was no significant difference in Km values between cellouronate and alginate. MyAly consisted of 280 amino acids and shared 36.5-44.1 % identity with known marine gastropod alginate lyases belonging to the polysaccharide lyase family 14. This is the first study to identify and characterize a cellouronate-degrading lyase from a marine organism, providing a better understanding of the biodegradability of the industrially important polysaccharide, cellouronate, in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Inoue
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Division of Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Masataka Kudo
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Division of Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Elisa Werner
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Takao Ojima
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Division of Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
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5
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Tiwari U, Ganesan NG, Junnarkar J, Rangarajan V. Toward the formulation of bio-cosmetic nanoemulsions: from plant-derived to microbial-derived ingredients. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1847664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
| | - Neela Gayathri Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
| | - Jui Junnarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
| | - Vivek Rangarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
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Baklouti Z, Delattre C, Pierre G, Gardarin C, Abdelkafi S, Michaud P, Dubessay P. Biochemical Characterization of a Bifunctional Enzyme Constructed by the Fusion of a Glucuronan Lyase and a Chitinase from Trichoderma sp. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10100234. [PMID: 33049934 PMCID: PMC7601620 DOI: 10.3390/life10100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifunctional enzymes created by the fusion of a glucuronan lyase (TrGL) and a chitinase (ThCHIT42) from Trichoderma sp. have been constructed with the aim to validate a proof of concept regarding the potential of the chimera lyase/hydrolase by analyzing the functionality and the efficiency of the chimeric constructions compared to parental enzymes. All the chimeric enzymes, including or nor linker (GGGGS), were shown functional with activities equivalent or higher to native enzymes. The velocity of glucuronan lyase was considerably increased for chimeras, and may involved structural modifications at the active site. The fusion has induced a slightly decrease of the thermostability of glucuronan lyase, without modifying its catalytic activity regarding pH variations ranging from 5 to 8. The biochemical properties of chitinase seemed to be more disparate between the different fusion constructions suggesting an impact of the linkers or structural interactions with the linked glucuronan lyase. The chimeric enzymes displayed a decreased stability to temperature and pH variations, compared to parental one. Overall, TrGL-ThCHIT42 offered the better compromise in terms of biochemical stability and enhanced activity, and could be a promising candidate for further experiments in the field of fungi Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes (CWDEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Baklouti
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont-Auvergne, FS-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.B.); (C.D.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (P.M.)
- Département Génie Biologique, Université de Sfax, Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole National d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia;
| | - Cédric Delattre
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont-Auvergne, FS-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.B.); (C.D.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (P.M.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont-Auvergne, FS-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.B.); (C.D.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Christine Gardarin
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont-Auvergne, FS-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.B.); (C.D.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Département Génie Biologique, Université de Sfax, Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole National d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia;
| | - Philippe Michaud
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont-Auvergne, FS-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.B.); (C.D.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Pascal Dubessay
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont-Auvergne, FS-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.B.); (C.D.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Tziveleka LA, Ioannou E, Roussis V. Ulvan, a bioactive marine sulphated polysaccharide as a key constituent of hybrid biomaterials: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 218:355-370. [PMID: 31221340 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ulvan, a sulphated polysaccharide located in the cell walls of green algae that possesses unique structural properties albeit its repeating unit shares chemical affinity with glycosoaminoglycans, such as hyaluronan and chondroitin sulphate, has been increasingly studied over the years for applications in the pharmaceutical field. The increasing knowledge on ulvan's chemical properties and biological activities has triggered its utilization in hybrid materials, given its potential efficacy in biomedical applications. In the present review, the use of ulvan in the design of different biomaterials, including membranes, particles, hydrogels, 3D porous structures and nanofibers, is presented. The applications of these structures may vary from drug delivery to wound dressing or bone tissue engineering. In this context, general information regarding the structure and chemical variability, extraction processes, physicochemical properties, and biological activities of ulvan is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leto-Aikaterini Tziveleka
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Efstathia Ioannou
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Vassilios Roussis
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
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8
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Ulaganathan T, Helbert W, Kopel M, Banin E, Cygler M. Structure-function analyses of a PL24 family ulvan lyase reveal key features and suggest its catalytic mechanism. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4026-4036. [PMID: 29382716 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulvan is a major cell wall component of green algae of the genus Ulva, and some marine bacteria encode enzymes that can degrade this polysaccharide. The first ulvan-degrading lyases have been recently characterized, and several putative ulvan lyases have been recombinantly expressed, confirmed as ulvan lyases, and partially characterized. Two families of ulvan-degrading lyases, PL24 and PL25, have recently been established. The PL24 lyase LOR_107 from the bacterial Alteromonadales sp. strain LOR degrades ulvan endolytically, cleaving the bond at the C4 of a glucuronic acid. However, the mechanism and LOR_107 structural features involved are unknown. We present here the crystal structure of LOR_107, representing the first PL24 family structure. We found that LOR_107 adopts a seven-bladed β-propeller fold with a deep canyon on one side of the protein. Comparative sequence analysis revealed a cluster of conserved residues within this canyon, and site-directed mutagenesis disclosed several residues essential for catalysis. We also found that LOR_107 uses the His/Tyr catalytic mechanism, common to several PL families. We captured a tetrasaccharide substrate in the structures of two inactive mutants, which indicated a two-step binding event, with the first substrate interaction near the top of the canyon coordinated by Arg320, followed by sliding of the substrate into the canyon toward the active-site residues. Surprisingly, the LOR_107 structure was very similar to that of the PL25 family PLSV_3936, despite only ∼14% sequence identity between the two enzymes. On the basis of our structural and mutational analyses, we propose a catalytic mechanism for LOR_107 that differs from the typical His/Tyr mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Helbert
- the Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, CERMAV UPR 5301 601, rue de la chimie, 38000 Grenoble (France) and Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, ICMG, FR-CNRS 2607, Grenoble, France
| | - Moran Kopel
- the Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, and Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel, and
| | - Ehud Banin
- the Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, and Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel, and
| | - Miroslaw Cygler
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada, .,the Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
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9
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Revised domain structure of ulvan lyase and characterization of the first ulvan binding domain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44115. [PMID: 28327560 PMCID: PMC5361163 DOI: 10.1038/srep44115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass waste products from green algae have recently been given new life, as these polysaccharides have potential applications in industry, agriculture, and medicine. One such polysaccharide group called ulvans displays many different, potentially useful properties that arise from their structural versatility. Hence, performing structural analyses on ulvan is crucial for future applications. However, chemical reaction–based analysis methods cannot fully characterize ulvan and tend to alter its structure. Thus, better methods require well-characterized ulvan-degrading enzymes. Therefore, we analysed a previously sequenced ulvan lyase (GenebankTM reference number JN104480) and characterized its domains. We suggest that the enzyme consists of a shorter than previously described catalytic domain, a newly identified substrate binding domain, and a C-terminal type 9 secretion system signal peptide. By separately expressing the two domains in E. coli, we confirmed that the binding domain is ulvan specific, having higher affinity for ulvan than most lectins for their ligands (affinity constant: 105 M−1). To our knowledge, this is the first description of an ulvan-binding domain. Overall, identifying this new binding domain is one step towards engineering ulvan enzymes that can be used to characterize ulvan, e.g. through enzymatic/mass spectrometric fingerprinting analyses, and help unlock its full potential.
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10
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Pierre G, Punta C, Delattre C, Melone L, Dubessay P, Fiorati A, Pastori N, Galante YM, Michaud P. TEMPO-mediated oxidation of polysaccharides: An ongoing story. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 165:71-85. [PMID: 28363578 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of natural polysaccharides by TEMPO has become by now an "old chemical reaction" which led to numerous studies mainly conducted on cellulose. This regioselective oxidation of primary alcohol groups of neutral polysaccharides has generated a new class of polyuronides not identified before in nature, even if the discovery of enzymes promoting an analogous oxidation has been more recently reported. Around the same time, the scientific community discovered the surprising biological and techno-functional properties of these anionic macromolecules with a high potential of application in numerous industrial fields. The objective of this review is to establish the state of the art of TEMPO chemistry applied to polysaccharide oxidation, its history, the resulting products, their applications and the associated modifying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6602, IP, F-63178, Aubière, France.
| | - Carlo Punta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" and Local Unit INSTM, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6602, IP, F-63178, Aubière, France
| | - Lucio Melone
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" and Local Unit INSTM, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133, Milano, Italy; Università degli Studi e-Campus, Via Isimbardi 10, 22060, Novedrate, Como, Italy
| | - Pascal Dubessay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6602, IP, F-63178, Aubière, France
| | - Andrea Fiorati
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" and Local Unit INSTM, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Nadia Pastori
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" and Local Unit INSTM, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Yves M Galante
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6602, IP, F-63178, Aubière, France
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11
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Wang Y, Barth D, Tamminen A, Wiebe MG. Growth of marine fungi on polymeric substrates. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:3. [PMID: 26772742 PMCID: PMC4715362 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine fungi are a diverse group of opportunistic and obligate organisms isolated from marine environments. These fungi are now often included in screens for novel metabolites, while less attention has been given to their production of hydrolytic enzymes. Most enzymes derived from marine microorganisms have been obtained from marine bacteria. The enzymes produced by marine fungi may have different properties than those derived from bacteria or from terrestrial fungi. Here we assess the growth of six filamentous marine fungi on a wide range of polymeric substrates as an indication of their general capacity to produce hydrolytic enzymes. RESULTS Calcarisporium sp. KF525, Tritirachium sp. LF562, Bartalinia robillardoides LF550, Penicillium pinophilum LF458, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis LF580 and Pestalotiopsis sp. KF079 all grew on both casein and gelatin as N-source, indicating secretion of proteases. All species also grew on starch, laminarin, xylan, pectin and oil, indicating production of amylases, glucanases, xylanases, pectinases and lipases. Growth on cellulose occurred but was weaker than on xylan. All strains also grew to some extent on sulphated arabinogalactan, although only LF562 could utilise arabinose. Four strains grew on the sulphated ulvans, whereas only KF525 grew on agar or carrageenan. KF525 and LF562 showed limited growth on alginate. Although fucose was used as carbon source by several species, fucoidan did not support biomass production. CONCLUSIONS Marine fungi could be excellent sources of a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes, including those able to hydrolyse various seaweed polymers. Although the native hosts may secrete only small amounts of these enzymes, the genes may provide a rich source of novel enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Wang
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Dorothee Barth
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Anu Tamminen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Marilyn G Wiebe
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
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12
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Kopel M, Helbert W, Belnik Y, Buravenkov V, Herman A, Banin E. New Family of Ulvan Lyases Identified in Three Isolates from the Alteromonadales Order. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5871-5878. [PMID: 26763234 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulvan is the main polysaccharide component of the Ulvales (green seaweed) cell wall. It is composed of disaccharide building blocks comprising 3-sulfated rhamnose linked to d-glucuronic acid (GlcUA), l-iduronic acid (IdoUA), or d-xylose (Xyl). The degradation of ulvan requires ulvan lyase, which catalyzes the endolytic cleavage of the glycoside bond between 3-sulfated rhamnose and uronic acid according to a β-elimination mechanism. The first characterized ulvan lyase was identified in Nonlabens ulvanivorans, an ulvanolytic bacterial isolate. In the current study, we have identified and biochemically characterized novel ulvan lyases from three Alteromonadales isolated bacteria. Two homologous ulvan lyases (long and short) were found in each of the bacterial genomes. The protein sequences have no homology to the previously reported ulvan lyases and therefore are the first representatives of a new family of polysaccharide lyases. The enzymes were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli to determine their mode of action. The heterologous expressed enzymes were secreted into the milieu subsequent to their signal sequence cleavage. An endolytic mode of action was observed and studied using gel permeation chromatography and (1)H NMR. In contrast to N. ulvanivorans ulvan lyase, cleavage occurred specifically at the GlcUA residues. In light of the genomic context and modular structure of the ulvan lyase families identified to date, we propose that two ulvan degradation pathways evolved independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Kopel
- From the Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel and
| | - William Helbert
- the Centre de efRecherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (UPR-CNRS 5301), Université Joseph Fourier and Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble (ICMG, FR-CNRS 2607), Grenoble cedex 9, France.
| | - Yana Belnik
- From the Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel and
| | - Vitaliy Buravenkov
- From the Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel and
| | - Asael Herman
- From the Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel and
| | - Ehud Banin
- From the Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel and.
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13
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Abstract
SUMMARY Biomass is constructed of dense recalcitrant polymeric materials: proteins, lignin, and holocellulose, a fraction constituting fibrous cellulose wrapped in hemicellulose-pectin. Bacteria and fungi are abundant in soil and forest floors, actively recycling biomass mainly by extracting sugars from holocellulose degradation. Here we review the genome-wide contents of seven Aspergillus species and unravel hundreds of gene models encoding holocellulose-degrading enzymes. Numerous apparent gene duplications followed functional evolution, grouping similar genes into smaller coherent functional families according to specialized structural features, domain organization, biochemical activity, and genus genome distribution. Aspergilli contain about 37 cellulase gene models, clustered in two mechanistic categories: 27 hydrolyze and 10 oxidize glycosidic bonds. Within the oxidative enzymes, we found two cellobiose dehydrogenases that produce oxygen radicals utilized by eight lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases that oxidize glycosidic linkages, breaking crystalline cellulose chains and making them accessible to hydrolytic enzymes. Among the hydrolases, six cellobiohydrolases with a tunnel-like structural fold embrace single crystalline cellulose chains and cooperate at nonreducing or reducing end termini, splitting off cellobiose. Five endoglucanases group into four structural families and interact randomly and internally with cellulose through an open cleft catalytic domain, and finally, seven extracellular β-glucosidases cleave cellobiose and related oligomers into glucose. Aspergilli contain, on average, 30 hemicellulase and 7 accessory gene models, distributed among 9 distinct functional categories: the backbone-attacking enzymes xylanase, mannosidase, arabinase, and xyloglucanase, the short-side-chain-removing enzymes xylan α-1,2-glucuronidase, arabinofuranosidase, and xylosidase, and the accessory enzymes acetyl xylan and feruloyl esterases.
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14
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Delattre C, Pierre G, Gardarin C, Traikia M, Elboutachfaiti R, Isogai A, Michaud P. Antioxidant activities of a polyglucuronic acid sodium salt obtained from TEMPO-mediated oxidation of xanthan. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 116:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Wang L, Wang X, Wu H, Liu R. Overview on biological activities and molecular characteristics of sulfated polysaccharides from marine green algae in recent years. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4984-5020. [PMID: 25257786 PMCID: PMC4178480 DOI: 10.3390/md12094984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the three main divisions of marine macroalgae (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta), marine green algae are valuable sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds and remain largely unexploited in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical areas. Recently, a great deal of interest has been developed to isolate novel sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) from marine green algae because of their numerous health beneficial effects. Green seaweeds are known to synthesize large quantities of SPs and are well established sources of these particularly interesting molecules such as ulvans from Ulva and Enteromorpha, sulfated rhamnans from Monostroma, sulfated arabinogalactans from Codium, sulfated galacotans from Caulerpa, and some special sulfated mannans from different species. These SPs exhibit many beneficial biological activities such as anticoagulant, antiviral, antioxidative, antitumor, immunomodulating, antihyperlipidemic and antihepatotoxic activities. Therefore, marine algae derived SPs have great potential for further development as healthy food and medical products. The present review focuses on SPs derived from marine green algae and presents an overview of the recent progress of determinations of their structural types and biological activities, especially their potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Algae Research Center, Marine Biology Institute of Shangdong Province, Qingdao, Shandong 266002, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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16
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Pierre G, Salah R, Gardarin C, Traikia M, Petit E, Delort AM, Mameri N, Moulti-Mati F, Michaud P. Enzymatic degradation and bioactivity evaluation of C-6 oxidized chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 60:383-92. [PMID: 23817103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
C-6 oxidized chitosan was produced from chitosan by performing selective oxidation with NaOCl and NaBr using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy radical (TEMPO) as catalyst. Endocellulase, Celluclast 1.5 L, Glucanex(®), Macerozyme R-10, hyaluronidase, hyaluronate lyase, red scorpionfish chitinase, glucuronan lyase and a protein mix from Trichoderma reesei were used to degrade the C-6 oxidized chitosan. Glucanex(®), the crude extract from T. reesei IHEM 4122 and Macerozyme R-10 validated the enzymatic degradation through final hydrolysis yields of the derivative respectively close to 36.4, 20.3 and 12.9% (w/w). The best initial reaction velocity (2.41 U/mL) was observed for Glucanex(®). The antileishmanial activity of the derivative was evaluated against Leishmania infantum LIPA 137. The antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were also tested. Results showed an antileishmanial activity (IC50: 125 μg/mL) of the obtained derivatives against L. infantum LIPA 137.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Pierre
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, UMR 6602 CNRS Polytech' Clermont-Ferrand, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 206, Aubière Cedex F-63174, France.
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17
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Native and sulfated oligoglucuronans as elicitors of defence-related responses inducing protection against Botrytis cinerea of Vitis vinifera. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Nyvall Collén P, Sassi JF, Rogniaux H, Marfaing H, Helbert W. Ulvan lyases isolated from the Flavobacteria Persicivirga ulvanivorans are the first members of a new polysaccharide lyase family. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:42063-42071. [PMID: 22009751 PMCID: PMC3234910 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.271825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulvans are complex sulfated polysaccharides found in the cell walls of green algae belonging to the genus Ulva. These polysaccharides are composed of disaccharide repetition moieties made up of sulfated rhamnose linked to either glucuronic acid, iduronic acid, or xylose. Two ulvan lyases of 30 and 46 kDa were purified from the culture supernatant of Persicivirga ulvanivorans. Based on peptide sequencing, the gene encoding the 46-kDa ulvan lyase was cloned. Sequence analysis revealed that the protein is modular and possesses a catalytic module similar to that of the 30-kDa ulvan lyase along with a module of unknown function. The ulvan-degrading function of the gene was confirmed by expression of the catalytic module in a heterologous system. The gene encoding the catalytic module has no sequence homolog in sequence databases and is likely to be the first member of a novel polysaccharide lyase family. Analysis of degradation products showed that both the 30- and 46-kDa ulvan lyases are endolytic and cleave the glycosidic bond between the sulfated rhamnose and a glucuronic or iduronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi Nyvall Collén
- CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7139 "Marine Plants and Biomolecules," Station Biologique, F-29682 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Sassi
- Centre d'Etudes et de Valorisation des Algues, Presqu'île de Pen Lan, BP3, 22610 Pleubian, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Plate-forme Biopolymères Biologie Structurale, Rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Hélène Marfaing
- Centre d'Etudes et de Valorisation des Algues, Presqu'île de Pen Lan, BP3, 22610 Pleubian, France
| | - William Helbert
- CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7139 "Marine Plants and Biomolecules," Station Biologique, F-29682 Roscoff Cedex, France.
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19
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Monolith enzymatic microreactor at the frontier of glycomic toward a new route for the production of bioactive oligosaccharides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Tavernier M, Michaud P, Wadouachi A, Petit E. Continuous production of oligoglucuronans by immobilized glucuronan lyase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Konno N, Ishida T, Igarashi K, Fushinobu S, Habu N, Samejima M, Isogai A. Crystal structure of polysaccharide lyase family 20 endo-beta-1,4-glucuronan lyase from the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:1323-6. [PMID: 19306878 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of endo-beta-(1-->4)-glucuronan lyase from Trichoderma reesei (TrGL) has been determined at 1.8A resolution as the first three-dimensional structure of polysaccharide lyase (PL) family 20. TrGL has a typical beta-jelly roll fold, which is similar to glycoside hydrolase family 16 and PL7 enzymes. A calcium ion is bound to the site far from the cleft and appears to contribute to the stability. There are several completely conserved residues in the cleft. Possible catalytic residues are predicted based on structural comparison with PL7 alginate lyase A1-II'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotake Konno
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Cloning of the Trichoderma reesei cDNA encoding a glucuronan lyase belonging to a novel polysaccharide lyase family. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 75:101-7. [PMID: 18978091 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01749-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei produces glucuronan lyase (TrGL) when it is grown on beta-(1-->4)-polyglucuronate (cellouronate) as a sole carbon source. The cDNA encoding TrGL was cloned, and the recombinant enzyme was heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. The cDNA of TrGL includes a 777-bp open reading frame encoding a 20-amino-acid signal peptide and the 238-amino-acid mature protein. The amino acid sequence showed no similarity to the amino acid sequences of previously described functional proteins, indicating that the enzyme should be classified in a novel polysaccharide lyase (PL) family. Recombinant TrGL catalyzed depolymerization of cellouronate endolytically by beta-elimination and was highly specific for cellouronate. The enzyme was most active at pH 6.5 and 50 degrees C, and its activity and thermostability increased in the presence of Ca2+, suggesting that its calcium dependence is similar to that of other PLs, such as pectate lyases.
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23
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Production of oligoglucuronans using a monolithic enzymatic microreactor. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2687-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Lahaye M, Robic A. Structure and Functional Properties of Ulvan, a Polysaccharide from Green Seaweeds. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:1765-74. [PMID: 17458931 DOI: 10.1021/bm061185q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With today's interest in novel renewable chemicals and polymers, the underexploited marine green algae belonging to species of Ulva and Entermorpha stimulated interest as sources of polysaccharides with innovative structure and functional properties. These algae are common on all seashores and can produce in time an important amount of biomass in nutrient-enriched waters. The major water-soluble polysaccharide, ulvan, extracted from the cell wall represents about 8-29% of the algae dry weight. The original physicochemical, rheological, and biological properties recently unraveled for this complex sulfated aldobiouronan open the way for novel potential applications.
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