1
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Niu C, Ying Y, Zhao J, Zheng M, Guo J, Yuan Z, Hu S, Liu T. Superior mainstream partial nitritation in an acidic membrane-aerated biofilm reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121692. [PMID: 38713935 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Shortcut nitrogen removal holds significant economic appeal for mainstream wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, it is too difficult to achieve the stable suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and simultaneously maintain the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). This study proposes to overcome this challenge by employing the novel acid-tolerant AOB, namely "Candidatus Nitrosoglobus", in a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR). Superior partial nitritation was demonstrated in low-strength wastewater from two aspects. First, the long-term operation (256 days) under the acidic pH range of 5.0 to 5.2 showed the successful NOB washout by the in situ free nitrous acid (FNA) of approximately 1 mg N/L. This was evidenced by the stable nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) close to 100 % and the disappearance of NOB shown by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Second, oxygen was sufficiently supplied in the MABR, leading to an unprecedentedly high ammonia oxidation rate (AOR) at 2.4 ± 0.1 kg N/(m3 d) at a short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of a mere 30 min. Due to the counter diffusion of substrates, the present acidic MABR displayed a significantly higher apparent oxygen affinity (0.36 ± 0.03 mg O2/L), a marginally lower apparent ammonia affinity (14.9 ± 1.9 mg N/L), and a heightened sensitivity to FNA and pH variations, compared with counterparts determined by flocculant acid-tolerant AOB. Beyond supporting the potential application of shortcut nitrogen removal in mainstream wastewater, this study also offers the attractive prospect of intensifying wastewater treatment by markedly reducing the HRT of the aerobic unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenkai Niu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yifeng Ying
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jing Zhao
- Sustainable Minerals Institute (SMI), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Min Zheng
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shihu Hu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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2
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Vilardi KJ, Johnston J, Dai Z, Cotto I, Tuttle E, Patterson A, Stubbins A, Pieper KJ, Pinto AJ. Nitrogen source influences the interactions of comammox bacteria with aerobic nitrifiers. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0318123. [PMID: 38511951 PMCID: PMC11064514 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03181-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
While the co-existence of comammox Nitrospira with canonical nitrifiers is well documented in diverse ecosystems, there is still a dearth of knowledge about the mechanisms underpinning their interactions. Understanding these interaction mechanisms is important as they may play a critical role in governing nitrogen biotransformation in natural and engineered ecosystems. In this study, we tested the ability of two environmentally relevant factors (nitrogen source and availability) to shape interactions between strict ammonia and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and comammox Nitrospira in continuous flow column reactors. The composition of inorganic nitrogen species in reactors fed either ammonia or urea was similar during the lowest input nitrogen concentration (1 mg-N/L), but higher concentrations (2 and 4 mg-N/L) promoted significant differences in nitrogen species composition and nitrifier abundances. The abundance and diversity of comammox Nitrospira were dependent on both nitrogen source and input concentrations as multiple comammox Nitrospira populations were preferentially enriched in the urea-fed system. In contrast, their abundance was reduced in response to higher nitrogen concentrations in the ammonia-fed system. The preferential enrichment of comammox Nitrospira in the urea-fed system could be associated with their ureolytic activity calibrated to their ammonia oxidation rates, thus minimizing ammonia accumulation, which may be partially inhibitory. However, an increased abundance of comammox Nitrospira was not associated with a reduced abundance of nitrite oxidizers in the urea-fed system while a negative correlation was found between them in the ammonia-fed system, the latter dynamic likely emerging from reduced availability of nitrite to strict nitrite oxidizers at low ammonia concentrations. IMPORTANCE Nitrification is an essential biological process in drinking water and wastewater treatment systems for treating nitrogen pollution. The discovery of comammox Nitrospira and their detection alongside canonical nitrifiers in these engineered ecosystems have made it necessary to understand the environmental conditions that regulate their abundance and activity relative to other better-studied nitrifiers. This study aimed to evaluate two important factors that could potentially influence the behavior of nitrifying bacteria and, therefore, impact nitrification processes. Column reactors fed with either ammonia or urea were systematically monitored to capture changes in nitrogen biotransformation and the nitrifying community as a function of influent nitrogen concentration, nitrogen source, and reactor depth. Our findings show that with increased ammonia availability, comammox Nitrospira decreased in abundance while nitrite oxidizers abundance increased. Yet, in systems with increasing urea availability, comammox Nitrospira abundance and diversity increased without an associated reduction in the abundance of canonical nitrifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Jeanne Vilardi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juliet Johnston
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zihan Dai
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Irmarie Cotto
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Erin Tuttle
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ariana Patterson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aron Stubbins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelsey J. Pieper
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ameet J. Pinto
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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3
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Kang D, Zhao X, Yuan J, Wang N, Suo Y, Peng Y. Nitrite accumulation in activated sludge through cyclic anaerobic exposure with acetate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 346:119005. [PMID: 37717392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Achieving nitrite accumulation still remains challenging for efficient short-cut biological nitrogen removal in municipal wastewater treatment. To tackle the problem of insufficient carbon in incoming wastewater for biological nutrient removal, a return activated sludge (RAS) fermentation method has been proposed and demonstrated to enable producing supplemental volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and enhance biological phosphorus removal via sludge cycling between mainstream and a sidestream anaerobic reactor. However, the impacts of long anaerobic exposure with acetate on nitrifying bacteria, known as the aerobic chemoautotrophic microorganisms, remains unexplored. In this study, the activated sludge underwent a cyclic anaerobic treatment with the addition of acetate (Ac), the effects on nitrification rate, abundance and microdiversity of nitrifying communities were comprehensively assessed. Firstly, batch activity tests proved the direct addition of high acetate (above 1000 mg/L) could cause inhibition on the nitrification rate, moreover, the inhibitory effect was stronger on nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity than that of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Then, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was applied to test the nitrogen conversion performance for low-strength ammonium wastewater. Nitrite accumulation could be achieved via the cyclic anaerobic exposure with 1000-5000 mg Ac/L. The maximum effluent concentration of nitrite was 40.8 ± 3.5 mg N/L with nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) of 67.6 ± 3.5%. The decrease in NOB activity (72.7%) was greater than AOB of 42.4%, promoting nitrite accumulation via nitritation process. Furthermore, the cyclic anaerobic exposure with acetate can largely reshape the nitrifying communities. As the dominant AOB and NOB, the abundance of Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were both decreased with species-level microdiversity in the nitrifying communities. However, the heterotrophic microorganism, Thauera, were found to be highly enriched (from 0 to 17.3%), which may act as the potential nitrite producer as proved by the increased nitrate reduction gene abundance. This study can provide new insights into achieving mainstream nitrite accumulation by involving sidestream RAS fermentation towards efficient wastewater treatment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, China.
| | - Xuwei Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, China
| | - Jiawei Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, China
| | - Nan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, China
| | - Yirui Suo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, China
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4
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Lu X, Oehmen A, Zhao J, Duan H, Yuan Z, Ye L. Insights on biological phosphorus removal with partial nitrification in single sludge system via sidestream free ammonia and free nitrous acid dosing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165174. [PMID: 37385509 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The sidestream sludge treatment by free ammonium (FA)/free nitrous acid (FNA) dosing was frequently demonstrated to maintain the nitrite pathway for the partial nitrification (PN) process. Nevertheless, the inhibitory effect of FA and FNA would severely influence polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), destroying the microbe-based phosphorus (P) removal. Therefore, a strategic evaluation was proposed to successfully achieve biological P removal with a partial nitrification process in a single sludge system by sidestream FA and FNA dosing. Through the long-term operation of 500 days, excellent phosphorus, ammonium and total nitrogen removal performance were achieved at 97.5 ± 2.6 %, 99.1 ± 1.0 % and 75.5 ± 0.4 %, respectively. Stable partial nitrification with a nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) of 94.1 ± 3.4 was attained. The batch tests also reported the robust aerobic phosphorus uptake based on FA and FNA adapted sludge after exposure of FA and FNA, respectively, suggesting the FA and FNA treatment strategy could potentially offer the opportunity for the selection of PAOs, which synchronously have the tolerance to FA and FNA. Microbial community analysis suggested that Accumulibacter, Tetrasphaera, and Comamonadaceae collectively contributed to the phosphorus removal in this system. Summarily, the proposed work presents a novel and feasible strategy to integrate enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) and short-cut nitrogen cycling and bring the combined mainstream phosphorus removal and partial nitrification process closer to practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Australia Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Adrian Oehmen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jing Zhao
- Sustainable minerals institute, the university of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Haoran Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Australia Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Australia Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Liu Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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5
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Zhu Z, Zhang L, Li X, Zhang Q, Wang S, Peng Y. Robust nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater by partial nitrification anammox at ultra-low dissolved oxygen in a pure biofilm system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128453. [PMID: 36503089 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Efficient nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater applying a pure biofilm system has promise. In this study, a partial nitrification anammox (PNA) pure biofilm system was established in a sequencing batch reactor with anaerobic/oxic/anoxic operation; using this reactor, robust nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater at ambient temperature was achieved with a nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of 93.3 %. Partial nitrification with anammox could be coupled at dominant nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) abundance by controlling ultra-low dissolved oxygen (<0.1 mg/L) in the aerobic section where the contribution to nitrogen removal was 79.4 %. Microorganisms with different oxygen affinity spatially distributed on the carrier. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) dominated on the surface of the carrier, while anammox bacteria dominated on the interior of the carrier, with their relative abundance increasing from 0.26 % to 1.78 %. The intercalary NOB were inhibited by the restricted oxygen transfer. Overall, this study provides a new approach to realize PNA in biofilm system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Shuying Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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6
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Duan H, Watts S, Zheng M, Wang Z, Zhao J, Li H, Liu P, Dwyer J, McPhee P, Rattier M, Larsen E, Yuan Z, Hu S. Achieving robust mainstream nitrite shunt at pilot-scale with integrated sidestream sludge treatment and step-feed. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:119034. [PMID: 36067606 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a promising energy- and carbon efficient process for nitrogen removal from wastewater, mainstream nitrite shunt has been extensively researched. However, beyond the laboratory it is challenging to maintain stable performance by suppressing nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB). In this study, a pilot-scale reactor system receiving real sewage was operated in two stages for >850 days to evaluate two novel NOB suppression strategies for achieving nitrite shunt: i) sidestream sludge treatment based on alternating free nitrous acid (FNA) and free ammonia (FA) and ii) sidestream FNA/FA sludge treatment integrated with in-situ NOB suppression via step-feed. The results showed that, with sidestream sludge treatment alone, NOB developed resistance relatively quickly to the treatment, leading to unstable nitrite shunt. In contrast, robust nitrite shunt was achieved and stably maintained for more than a year when sidestream sludge treatment was integrated with a step-feed strategy. Kinetic analyses suggested that sludge treatment and step-feed worked in synergy, leading to stable NOB suppression. The integrated strategy demonstrated in this study removes a key barrier to the implementation of stable mainstream nitrite shunt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Duan
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shane Watts
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Min Zheng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jing Zhao
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Huijuan Li
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Peng Liu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jason Dwyer
- Urban Utilities, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Paul McPhee
- Urban Utilities, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Maxime Rattier
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Eloise Larsen
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Shihu Hu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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7
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Wang B, Qiao X, Hou F, Liu T, Pang H, Guo Y, Guo J, Peng Y. Pilot-scale demonstration of a novel process integrating Partial Nitritation with simultaneous Anammox, Denitrification and Sludge Fermentation (PN + ADSF) for nitrogen removal and sludge reduction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152835. [PMID: 34998749 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anammox process is a cost-effective solution for nitrogen removal, whereas unsatisfactory effluent with nitrate accumulation is usually achieved in treating domestic sewage, owning to the unwanted prevalence of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and the intrinsic nitrate production by anammox bacteria. Herein, a pilot-scale system integrating Partial Nitritation and simultaneous Anammox, Denitrification and Sludge Fermentation (PN + ADSF) process was developed to treat real municipal wastewater. In this process, PN was accomplished in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using the strategy of intermittent hydroxylamine addition, while ADSF coupling anammox and heterotrophic denitrification was conducted in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) to further remove nitrogen. The pilot-scale system achieved total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) concentrations of 10.0 mg N/L in effluent and sludge reduction efficiency of 42.3% simultaneously. The characterization on microbial communities revealed that Candidatus Kuenenia and Thauera were the dominant functional bacteria for anammox and denitrification, respectively. Supported by the slow-release carbon sources from sludge fermentation, heterotrophic denitrification contributed to about 28% of nitrogen removed from the UASB, while anammox played a more important role in nitrogen removal. The pilot-scale demonstration confirmed that the PN + ADSF process is technically feasible for enhanced nitrogen removal and sludge reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Hou
- SDIC Xinkai Water Environment Investment Co., Ltd, China Water Environment Group Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hongtao Pang
- SDIC Xinkai Water Environment Investment Co., Ltd, China Water Environment Group Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- SDIC Xinkai Water Environment Investment Co., Ltd, China Water Environment Group Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
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8
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Chi Y, Shi X, Jin P, Wang XC, Ren T, Ren B, Jin X. Enhanced nitrogen removal by partial nitrification-anammox process with a novel high-frequency micro-aeration (HFMA) mode: Metabolic interactions among functional bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125917. [PMID: 34534941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel high-frequency micro-aeration (HFMA) mode with aeration frequency of 15 times/h and DO concentration lower than 0.5 mg/L was proposed. Advanced partial nitrification-anammox (PN-A) performance was achieved in a two-stage sequencing batch reactor-integrated fixed-film activated sludge reactor with the HFMA mode. When treating wastewater with carbon/nitrogen ratio of 3, the abundance of NO2--N oxidation related genes decreased, and the genes carried out NO3--N reduction and carbon source consumption were up-regulated. These variations in microbial metabolism brought more NO2--N substrate for the subsequent anammox process, and consumed part of the accumulated organic matter and NO3--N. Thus, the HFMA conditions eventually promoted the expression of anammox bacteria with NH2OH as an intermediate metabolite and the substance exchange activity of anammox bacteria. The changes in microorganisms lead to increase in the nitrite accumulation rate, nitrogen removal efficiency and abundance of anammox bacteria (16.34%, 18.71% and 5.92%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Chi
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Pengkang Jin
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China.
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Tong Ren
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
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9
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Gu X, Huang Y, Hu Y, Gao J, Zhang M. Inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in automatic recycling PN/ANAMMOX under mainstream conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125935. [PMID: 34571329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
At present, sustainable and stable partial nitrification has not been widely achieved in the mainstream PN/ANAMMOX process. Here, the feasibility of sustainable and stable partial nitrification was demonstrated in automatic recycling PN/ANAMMOX reactor under mainstream conditions using both simulation and experimental methods. Stable nitrite accumulation in the aerobic zone could be achieved via regulating dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and sludge retention time (SRT). The DO concentrations required for the repression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were lower at longer SRTs. The DO concentrations and SRTs required for NOB repression were lower at lower temperatures. However, NOB repression was diminished by a persistent low DO and short SRT under mainstream conditions. With the introduction of automatic recycling, sustainable and stable partial nitrification was achieved. Effluent recycling could limit the nitrite-nitrogen required for NOB growth. Collectively, effluent recycling may serve as a feasible and useful strategy for NOB inhibition during the PN/ANAMMOX process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Yuting Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
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10
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Liu T, Lu Y, Zheng M, Hu S, Yuan Z, Guo J. Efficient nitrogen removal from mainstream wastewater through coupling Partial Nitritation, Anammox and Methane-dependent nitrite/nitrate reduction (PNAM). WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117723. [PMID: 34637975 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of partial nitritation and anammox to remove nitrogen from mainstream wastewater is of great interest because of the potential to reduce energy cost and carbon dosage. However, this process confronts a dilemma of relatively high effluent nitrogen concentration (>10 mg N/L), owning to the unwanted prevalence of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and the intrinsic nitrate production by anammox bacteria. Here, a novel technology, named the one-stage PNAM, that integrates Partial Nitritation, Anammox and Methane-dependent nitrite/nitrate reduction reactions, was developed in a single membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). With feeding of synthetic mainstream wastewater containing ∼50 mg NH4+-N/L at a hydraulic retention time of 12 h, more than 95% nitrogen was removed in the established one-stage PNAM process at a practically useful rate of 0.1 kg N/m3/d. Microbial community characterization and in-situ batch tests revealed a sophisticated microbial structure consisting of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), anammox bacteria, nitrite/nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) bacteria and archaea, and a small fraction of NOB and aerobic methanotrophs. The role of methane in removing nitrate was confirmed by switching on/off the methane supply, which relaxed the requirement for NOB suppression. In addition, the established system was relatively robust against temperature variations, evidenced by a total nitrogen removal efficiency above 80% at temperature as low as 14 ℃. The results provide a promising alternative for efficient nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater using methane as the sole carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yan Lu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Min Zheng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Shihu Hu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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11
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Li YY, Huang XW, Li XY. Using anammox biofilms for rapid start-up of partial nitritation-anammox in integrated fixed-film activated sludge for autotrophic nitrogen removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148314. [PMID: 34412408 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) reactors are suitable for partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) for autotrophic nitrogen removal; however, its start-up and biofilm formation are slow and difficult. In this study, a new sludge seeding strategy was developed for the start-up of PNA-IFAS by using the pre-cultivated anammox biofilms. Two bioreactors were used in the experimental study, including a reactor that was started conventionally with the pre-acclimated suspended PNA sludge and bare biocarriers (PA-S) and a reactor that used the new seeding method with anammox biofilms pre-acclimated on biocarriers and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) sludge in the suspension (PA-B). The use of anammox biofilms as the seed biomass greatly shortened the start-up period of the PNA-IFAS reactor to 1 month or so. Moreover, reactor PA-B achieved a higher nitrogen removal rate (707.3 mg N/(L·d)), better nitrogen removal efficiency (86.8 ± 2.8%), and lower nitrate yield (9.4%) than reactor PA-S. The biofilm development in PA-B was accelerated and its biofilm content was nearly 10 times higher than that of PA-S. The initial segregation of anammox in the biofilm and AOB in the suspended sludge provided an environment that not only accelerated the start-up of PNA-IFAS but also helped suppress the enrichment of unwanted nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in the bioreactor, as evidenced by the lower NOB abundance in PA-B (<0.5%) than in PA-S (>2.2%) according to microbial community analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yu Li
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Wu Huang
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (City University of Hong Kong), Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Wang Z, Zheng M, Hu Z, Duan H, De Clippeleir H, Al-Omari A, Hu S, Yuan Z. Unravelling adaptation of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in mainstream PN/A process: Mechanisms and counter-strategies. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 200:117239. [PMID: 34029873 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Stable suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is still a major challenge for the implementation of partial nitritation and anammox (PN/A) in mainstream treatment. Despite numerous suppression strategies demonstrated, it is increasingly recognized that NOB could develop resistance to these strategies, threatening the long-term stability of the mainstream PN/A process. This study aims to understand adaption mechanisms and develop counter-strategies to overcome the adaptation. To this end, three previously-demonstrated suppression strategies, including NOB inactivation via side stream sludge treatment with free ammonia (FA), the use of low dissolved oxygen (DO), and the use of anammox to scavenge nitrite, were stepwise applied, over a period of 800 days, to a laboratory-scale reactor treating effluent from a high-rate activated sludge (HRAS) plant. FA sludge treatment alone sustained nitrite accumulation for about two months, after which NOB adaptation occurred causing PN to fail. The FA adaptation was induced by a shift in the NOB community from Nitrospira to Ca. Nitrotoga. The latter was found to have higher resistance to FA and also a higher maximum specific growth rate. Low DO at 0.2-0.4 mg O2 L-1 was then applied, in conjunction with FA treatment, which successfully eliminated Ca. Nitrotoga and re-established PN. However, new and unidentified NOB with a higher apparent oxygen affinity emerged in three months, again leading to PN failure. Lastly, as the third strategy for NOB suppression, anammox was introduced as an in-situ nitrite-scavenger. The combo-strategy delivered reliable NOB suppression with no further adaptation in the remaining experimental period (eight months). The resulted one-stage PN/A reactor achieved a nitrogen removal efficiency of 84.2 ± 5.37%. A control reactor, operated in parallel under the same conditions but without FA treatment, only achieved 10.4 ± 4.6% nitrogen removal, with anammox completely outcompeted by NOB in the last phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Min Zheng
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Zhetai Hu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Haoran Duan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Haydée De Clippeleir
- District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority, 5000 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20032, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Omari
- District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority, 5000 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20032, USA
| | - Shihu Hu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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13
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Liu G, Wu X, Li D, Jiang L, Huang J, Zhuang L. Long-Term Low Dissolved Oxygen Operation Decreases N 2O Emissions in the Activated Sludge Process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6975-6983. [PMID: 33904707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas and a dominant ozone-depleting substance. Nitrification in the activated sludge process (ASP) is an important N2O emission source. This study demonstrated that a short-term low dissolved oxygen (DO) increased the N2O emissions by six times, while long-term low DO operation decreased the N2O emissions by 54% (P < 0.01). Under long-term low DO, the ammonia oxidizer abundance in the ASP increased significantly, and thus, complete nitrification was recovered and no NH3 or nitrite accumulated. Moreover, long-term low DO decreased the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) by 28%, while increased the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) by 507%, mainly due to their higher oxygen affinity. As a result, AOA outnumbered AOB with the AOA/AOB amoA gene ratio increasing to 19.5 under long-term low DO. The efficient nitrification and decreased AOB abundance might not increase N2O production via AOB under long-term low DO conditions. The enriched AOA could decrease the N2O emissions because they were reported to lack canonical nitric oxide (NO) reductase genes that convert NO to N2O. Probably because of AOA enrichment, the positive and significant (P = 0.02) correlation of N2O emission and nitrite concentration became insignificant (P = 0.332) after 80 days of low DO operation. Therefore, ASPs can be operated with low DO and extended sludge age to synchronously reduce N2O production and carbon dioxide emissions owing to lower aeration energy without compromising the nitrification efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Water Treatment Processes and Materials and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xianwei Wu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Water Treatment Processes and Materials and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Deyong Li
- School of Environment, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Water Treatment Processes and Materials and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lugao Jiang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Water Treatment Processes and Materials and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ju Huang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Water Treatment Processes and Materials and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Water Treatment Processes and Materials and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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14
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Yang X, Jia Z, Fu J, Li Q, Chen R. Achieving single-stage partial nitritation and anammox (PN/A) using a submerged dynamic membrane sequencing batch reactor (DM-SBR). WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:762-773. [PMID: 33091210 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-stage partial nitration and anammox (PN/A) process was achieved in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using a submerged dynamic membrane (DM) in this study. The reactor was stably operated for 200 days, and the nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) was sustained at 70.3 ± 7.2% at a nitrogen loading rate (NLR) ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 kgNm-3 day-1 with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 hr. When the NLR was 0.2 kgN m-3 day-1 , the NRE achieved was high as 80% with a low concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) of 0.13 mg/L. In addition, the specific activity of anammox bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) reached was 2.72 and 16.80 gN gVSS-1 day-1 , respectively. The DM intercepted the biomass due to the lamellar, intact, dense biofilm self-generated on the surface of the supporting material, which had an effluent turbidity of 10 NTU. The enriched anammox functional bacteria were Candidatus Jettenia (11.06%) and the AOB-like functional bacteria consisted primarily of Nitrosomonas, with a relative abundance of 2.76%, which ensured the PN/A process proceeding. This study provides a novel reactor configuration of the single-stage PN/A process in the view of practical applications. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Single-stage partial nitration and anammox (PN/A) process was achieved using a submerged dynamic membrane (DM) in this study. The reactor was stably operated for 200 days, and the nitrogen removal efficiency was sustained at 70.3 ± 7.2%. The feasibility of the PN/A system with DM is evaluated. The main objective is to provide a control strategy of the DM-SBRs for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Yang
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ziwen Jia
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jingwei Fu
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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15
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Trojanowicz K, Trela J, Plaza E. Possible mechanism of efficient mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) in hybrid bioreactors (IFAS). ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1023-1037. [PMID: 31474198 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1650834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An explanation of possible mechanism of efficient PN/A in hybrid bioreactors was presented. The bottleneck process is nitritation. Surplus nitrite production by ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is required for assuring the activity of anammox bacteria and eliminating nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). It will be possible if nitrogen removal rate by AOB (rN_AOB) is higher than NOB (rN_NOB). It was shown that in biofilm AnAOB bacteria should out-compete NOB, whereas nitrogen transformation rates by AOB are usually lower than NOB. However, the growth of r-AOB in activated sludge allows out-selecting NOB. Impact of ammonium-, nitrite-nitrogen and suspended biomass concentration in hybrid PN/A systems on nitrogen removal rates in the temperature ranges from 10°C to 25°C was presented and discussed. Because bulk liquid ammonium nitrogen concentration can be higher in SBR bioreactors (after certain period of time after aeration starts) or in the initial zones of plug-flow systems than in fully mixed systems, conditions for running efficient PN/A are more favourable in intermittently aerated 'IFAS-SBR' or 'IFAS-plug flow' bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Trojanowicz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, St. Pigon Krosno State College, Krosno, Poland
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jozef Trela
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elzbieta Plaza
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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An Z, Kent TR, Sun Y, Bott CB, Wang ZW. Free ammonia resistance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria developed in aerobic granular sludge cultivated in continuous upflow airlift reactors performing partial nitritation. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:421-432. [PMID: 32816336 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Free ammonia (FA) inhibition has been taken advantage as a strategy to suppress the growth of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in aerobic granules stabilized in a continuous upflow airlift reactor to achieve partial nitritation. However, after nearly 18 months of continuous exposure of aerobic granules to FA in the reactor, the FA inhibition of NOB was proven ineffective, and the partial nitritation gradually shifted to partial nitrification even though the long-term granule structural stability remained excellent under the continuous-flow mode. The extent of NOB resistance to FA inhibition was quantified based on the kinetic response of NOB to various FA concentrations in the form of an uncompetitive inhibition coefficient. It was confirmed that the NOB immobilized in larger granules under longer term exposure to FA tend to become more resistant to FA. Thereby, it was concluded that NOB can develop strong resistance to FA after continuous exposure, and thus, FA inhibition is not a reliable strategy to achieve partial nitritation in mainstream wastewater treatment. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Nitrifying aerobic granules can remain structurally stable in continuous-flow bioreactors. NOB developed free ammonia resistance after 6-month continuous exposure. Larger aerobic granules tended to develop stronger free ammonia resistance. Free ammonia inhibition is not a reliable strategy for mainstream anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui An
- Occoquan Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Manassas, VA, USA
| | | | - Yewei Sun
- Occoquan Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Manassas, VA, USA
- Hazen and Sawyer, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Charles B Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Zhi-Wu Wang
- Occoquan Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Manassas, VA, USA
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17
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Coupled nitrification and N 2 gas production as a cryptic process in oxic riverbeds. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1217. [PMID: 33619247 PMCID: PMC7900231 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The coupling between nitrification and N2 gas production to recycle ammonia back to the atmosphere is a key step in the nitrogen cycle that has been researched widely. An assumption for such research is that the products of nitrification (nitrite or nitrate) mix freely in the environment before reduction to N2 gas. Here we show, in oxic riverbeds, that the pattern of N2 gas production from ammonia deviates by ~3- to 16-fold from that predicted for denitrification or anammox involving nitrite or nitrate as free porewater intermediates. Rather, the patterns match that for a coupling through a cryptic pool, isolated from the porewater. A cryptic pool challenges our understanding of a key step in the nitrogen cycle and masks our ability to distinguish between sources of N2 gas that 20 years’ research has sought to identify. Our reasoning suggests a new pathway or a new type of coupling between known pathways in the nitrogen cycle. The N cycle involves complex, microbially-mediated shuttling between ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, with climatically important greenhouse gas byproducts. Here the authors use isotope labeling experiments in river sediments and find a cryptic new step in the N cycle between nitrification and the removal of fixed N through N2 gas production.
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18
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Song K, Li Z, Liu D, Li L. Analysis of the Partial Nitrification Process Affected by Polyvinylchloride Microplastics in Treating High-Ammonia Anaerobic Digestates. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23836-23842. [PMID: 32984703 PMCID: PMC7513334 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of microplastics entering into wastewater treatment plants are retained as wasted sludges, which are usually transferred to the anaerobic digestion process afterward. The partial nitrification (PN) process is known for treating the high ammonia anaerobic digestate; its treatment performance that is affected by the existence of microplastics is rarely reported. This study investigated the effect of microplastics on the PN process with polyvinylchloride (PVC) abundances at 0, 1000, 5000, and 10,000 particles/L. Results indicated that the corresponding nitrite transfer rates with the existence of PVC were 90.97, 64.24, 52.88, and 46.66%. The ammonia oxidation rate was reduced to 0.69, 0.55, and 0.49 times as compared with control. The average dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) emission was also mitigated to 0.58, 0.49, and 0.64 times with added microplastics as compared with control. The average gaseous form of N2O emitted was mitigated to 0.54, 0.45, and 0.37 times as compared with control. The first-order kinetic model fitted well with all tests. The highest NO2-N generation potential was found in the blank reactor at a coefficient of 1430.1 (R 2 = 0.9776), which was 1.9-2.3 times higher than the other reactors with added microplastics. This study indicated that PVC inhibited the PN process and mitigated N2O emission during such a process. The microplastic contamination effects on high-ammonia wastewater treatment during the PN process must be considered for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Song
- State
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute
of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhouyang Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute
of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute
of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- School
of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lu Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute
of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Li S, Duan H, Zhang Y, Huang X, Yuan Z, Liu Y, Zheng M. Adaptation of nitrifying community in activated sludge to free ammonia inhibition and inactivation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138713. [PMID: 32380412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sludge treatment using free ammonia (FA) is an innovative approach that was recently reported effective achieving stable mainstream nitrogen removal via the nitrite pathway. This study aims to investigate the adaptation of nitrifying community and the response of nitrification performance to high-level of FA exposure under real wastewater conditions. Two parallel lab-scale sequencing batch reactors were operated and fed with real municipal wastewater, with one receiving sludge treatment by FA and another as a control. While the FA approach rapidly achieved partial nitrification with a nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) of approximately 60%, the partial nitrification eventually failed due to nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) adaptation to FA inactivation. NOB activity in the inoculum was suppressed by 82% after exposure to FA at ~220 mg NH3-N/L. However, towards the end of the experiments, significantly higher NOB activities were observed after exposure to the same level of FA. Distinct behaviours of NOB observed in batch tests during the study supported the reactor operational data and strongly suggested the adaptation of NOB under the FA stress. Furthermore, microbial community analysis revealed the underlying mechanism of the observed adaptation: the dominant NOB changed from Nitrospira to Candidatus Nitrotoga. It is for the first time shown that Ca. Nitrotoga are highly resistant to FA inhibition and inactivation in comparison to Nitrospira and Nitrobacter. In addition, while the Nitrosomonas genus was always the dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) throughout the study, different shift in a species level was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haoran Duan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yizhen Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yanchen Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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20
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Effect of Intermittent Aeration in a Hybrid Vertical Anaerobic Biofilm Reactor (HyVAB) for Reject Water Treatment. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12041151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water from anaerobic sludge dewatering (reject water that is recycled to the inlet main process treatment) from the Knarrdalstrand municipal wastewater treatment plant in Porsgrunn, Norway, contains 2.4 g/L of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and 550 mg/L NH4-N (annual average). The high concentration of ammonium causes disturbances in the mainstream physical and chemical processes, while only a small fraction of the organics is biodegradable. A pilot-scale hybrid vertical anaerobic biofilm (HyVAB) reactor combining anaerobic and aerobic treatment was tested for reject water treatment to reduce process disturbances. The pilot HyVAB was prepared for the study with continuous aeration of the aerobic part of the reactor for 200 days, while two intermittent aeration schemes were applied during the three-month test period. Ammonium removal efficiency increased from 8% during the continuous aeration period to 50% at the end of the test when a short (7 min) aeration cycle was applied. COD removal was close to 20%, which was mainly obtained in the anaerobic stage and not significantly influenced by the aerations schemes. Simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification were established in the biofilm that alternated between aerobic and anoxic conditions. The observed high ammonium removal is explained by two alternative shortcut processes via nitrite. The lack of biodegradable organics in the aerated stage suggests that most of the nitrogen removal was via the anammox pathway (autotrophic denitrification). The HyVAB, combining an anaerobic sludge bed and an intermittently aerated biofilm, appears to be an efficient process to treat high ammonium containing reject water.
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21
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Yu H, Tian Z, Zuo J, Song Y. Enhanced nitrite accumulation under mainstream conditions by a combination of free ammonia-based sludge treatment and low dissolved oxygen: reactor performance and microbiome analysis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2049-2059. [PMID: 35494565 PMCID: PMC9048193 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07628j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial nitritation under mainstream conditions is one of the major bottlenecks for the application of deammonification processes to municipal wastewater treatment plants. This study aimed at evaluating the combination effect of a side-stream free ammonia (FA) treatment and low dissolved oxygen (0.2 ± 0.1 mg L−1) on inhibiting nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) from enhancing nitrite accumulation in long-term lab-scale experiments. Two continuous floccular sludge reactors treating low-strength synthetic wastewater (60 mg N–NH4+ L−1 without COD) with a fixed nitrogen loading rate of 0.22 ± 0.03 g N per L per day were operated in a varied temperature range of 7–31 °C, with one acting as the experimental reactor and the other as the control. Side-stream sludge treatment with a stepwise elevation of FA concentration (65.2–261.1 mg NH3 L−1) was carried out every day in the experimental reactor; the nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR, (NO2–N/(NO2−–N + NO3−–N) × 100%)) in the experimental reactor was always about twice that in the control one. Quantitative PCR (q-PCR) and high-throughput sequencing analyses showed the dominant NOB was mostly Nitrobacter, while there was an alternating trend between Nitrobacter and Nitrospira. Even though the whole microbial communities of each experimental stage between the two reactors were relatively clustered due to an incomplete NOB washout, three abundant metabolisms (amino acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and nitrogen metabolism) and key functional genes of nitrification predicted by PICRUSt in the experimental reactor were enriched, providing a better understanding of nitrite accumulation. These results have demonstrated that the positive hybrid effects of FA side-stream sludge treatment and a low DO could enhance nitrite accumulation. It is expected that a complete washout of NOB would be achieved after further process optimization. An introduction of the combination of side-stream sludge treatment using FA and low DO could more effectively enhance nitrite accumulation than single low DO.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Zhiyong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
- Department of Urban Water Environmental Research
- Beijing 100012
- China
| | - Jiane Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yonghui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
- Department of Urban Water Environmental Research
- Beijing 100012
- China
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22
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Duan H, Ye L, Wang Q, Zheng M, Lu X, Wang Z, Yuan Z. Nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) contained in influent deteriorate mainstream NOB suppression by sidestream inactivation. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 162:331-338. [PMID: 31288143 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sidestream sludge treatment approaches have been developed in recent years to achieve mainstream nitrite shunt or partial nitritation, where NOB are selectively inactivated by biocidal factors such as free nitrous acid (FNA) or free ammonium (FA) in a sidestream reactor. The existence of NOB in raw wastewater has been increasingly realized and could pose critical challenge to stable NOB suppressions in those systems. This study, for the first time, evaluated the impact of influent NOB on the NOB suppressions in a mainstream nitrite shunt system achieved through sidestream sludge treatment. An over 500-day sequential batch reactor operation with six experimental phases rigorously demonstrated the negative effects of influent NOB on mainstream NOB control. Continuously seeding of NOB contained in influent stimulated NOB community shifts, leading to different extents of ineffective NOB suppression. The role of primary wastewater treatment in NOB removal from raw wastewater was also investigated. Results suggest primary settling and High Rate Activated Sludge system could remove a large part of NOB contained in raw wastewater. Primary treatment for raw wastewater is necessary for ensuring stable mainstream NOB suppressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Duan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Liu Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Min Zheng
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuanyu Lu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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23
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Law Y, Matysik A, Chen X, Swa Thi S, Ngoc Nguyen TQ, Qiu G, Natarajan G, Williams RBH, Ni BJ, Seviour TW, Wuertz S. High Dissolved Oxygen Selection against Nitrospira Sublineage I in Full-Scale Activated Sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8157-8166. [PMID: 31184114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A single Nitrospira sublineage I OTU was found to perform nitrite oxidation in full-scale domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the tropics. This taxon had an apparent oxygen affinity constant lower than that of the full-scale domestic activated sludge cohabitating ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) (0.09 ± 0.02 g O2 m-3 versus 0.3 ± 0.03 g O2 m-3). Thus, nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) may in fact thrive under conditions of low oxygen supply. Low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions selected for and high aeration inhibited the NOB in a long-term lab-scale reactor. The relative abundance of Nitrospira sublineage I gradually decreased with increasing DO until it was washed out. Nitritation was sustained even after the DO was lowered subsequently. The morphologies of AOB and NOB microcolonies responded to DO levels in accordance with their oxygen affinities. NOB formed densely packed spherical clusters with a low surface area-to-volume ratio compared to the Nitrosomonas-like AOB clusters, which maintained a porous and nonspherical morphology. In conclusion, the effect of oxygen on AOB/NOB population dynamics depends on which OTU predominates given that oxygen affinities are species-specific, and this should be elucidated when devising operating strategies to achieve mainstream partial nitritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Law
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551 , Singapore
| | - Artur Matysik
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551 , Singapore
| | - Xueming Chen
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Sara Swa Thi
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551 , Singapore
| | - Thi Quynh Ngoc Nguyen
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551 , Singapore
| | - Guanglei Qiu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551 , Singapore
| | - Gayathri Natarajan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551 , Singapore
| | - Rohan B H Williams
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 119077 , Singapore
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2007 , Australia
| | - Thomas William Seviour
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551 , Singapore
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551 , Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
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24
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González-Cabaleiro R, Curtis TP, Ofiţeru ID. Bioenergetics analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and the estimation of their maximum growth yield. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 154:238-245. [PMID: 30798178 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The currently accepted biochemistry and bioenergetics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) show an inefficient metabolism: only 53.8% of the energy released when a mole of ammonia is oxidised and less than two of the electrons liberated can be directed to the autotrophic anabolism. However, paradoxically, AOB seem to thrive in challenging conditions: growing readily in virtually most aerobic environment, yet limited AOB exist in pure culture. In this study, a comprehensive model of the biochemistry of the metabolism of AOB is presented. Using bioenergetics calculations and selecting the minimum estimation for the energy dissipated in each of the metabolic steps, the model predicts the highest possible true yield of 0.16 gBio/gN and a yield of 0.13 gBio/gN when cellular maintenance is considered. Observed yields should always be lower than these values but the range of experimental values in literature vary between 0.04 and 0.45 gBio/gN. In this work, we discuss if this variance of observed values for AOB growth yield could be understood if other non-considered alternative energy sources are present in the biochemistry of AOB. We analyse how the predicted maximum growth yield of AOB changes considering co-metabolism, the use of hydroxylamine as a substrate, the abiotic oxidation of NO, energy harvesting in the monooxygenase enzyme or the use of organic carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca González-Cabaleiro
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; School of Engineering, Department of Infrastructure and Environment, University of Glasgow, Rankine Building, Glasgow, 12 8LT, UK.
| | - Thomas Peter Curtis
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Irina Dana Ofiţeru
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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25
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Laureni M, Weissbrodt DG, Villez K, Robin O, de Jonge N, Rosenthal A, Wells G, Nielsen JL, Morgenroth E, Joss A. Biomass segregation between biofilm and flocs improves the control of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in mainstream partial nitritation and anammox processes. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 154:104-116. [PMID: 30782552 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The control of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) challenges the implementation of partial nitritation and anammox (PN/A) processes under mainstream conditions. The aim of the present study was to understand how operating conditions impact microbial competition and the control of NOB in hybrid PN/A systems, where biofilm and flocs coexist. A hybrid PN/A moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR; also referred to as integrated fixed film activated sludge or IFAS) was operated at 15 °C on aerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater (23 mgNH4-N L-1). Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and NOB were enriched primarily in the flocs, and anammox bacteria (AMX) in the biofilm. After decreasing the dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) from 1.2 to 0.17 mgO2 L-1 - with all other operating conditions unchanged - washout of NOB from the flocs was observed. The activity of the minor NOB fraction remaining in the biofilm was suppressed at low DO. As a result, low effluent NO3- concentrations (0.5 mgN L-1) were consistently achieved at aerobic nitrogen removal rates (80 mgN L-1 d-1) comparable to those of conventional treatment plants. A simple dynamic mathematical model, assuming perfect biomass segregation with AOB and NOB in the flocs and AMX in the biofilm, was able to qualitatively reproduce the selective washout of NOB from the flocs in response to the decrease in DO-setpoint. Similarly, numerical simulations indicated that flocs removal is an effective operational strategy to achieve the selective washout of NOB. The direct competition for NO2- between NOB and AMX - the latter retained in the biofilm and acting as a "NO2-sink" - was identified by the model as key mechanism leading to a difference in the actual growth rates of AOB and NOB (i.e., μNOB < μAOB in flocs) and allowing for the selective NOB washout over a broad range of simulated sludge retention times (SRT = 6.8-24.5 d). Experimental results and model predictions demonstrate the increased operational flexibility, in terms of variables that can be easily controlled by operators, offered by hybrid systems as compared to solely biofilm systems for the control of NOB in mainstream PN/A applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Laureni
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - David G Weissbrodt
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, NL- 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kris Villez
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Orlane Robin
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nadieh de Jonge
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Alex Rosenthal
- Northwestern University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - George Wells
- Northwestern University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Joss
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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26
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Jamilis M, Garelli F, De Battista H, Volcke EI. Stability and control of a partial nitritation reactor with biomass retention. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Duan H, Ye L, Lu X, Yuan Z. Overcoming Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria Adaptation through Alternating Sludge Treatment with Free Nitrous Acid and Free Ammonia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1937-1946. [PMID: 30638367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stable suppression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is one of the major bottlenecks for achieving mainstream nitrite shunt or partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A). It is increasingly experienced that NOB could develop resistance to suppressions over an extended time, leading to failure of nitrite shunt or PN/A. This study reports and demonstrates the first effective strategy to overcome NOB adaptation through alternating sludge treatment with free nitrous acid (FNA) and free ammonia (FA). During over 650 days of reactor operation, NOB adaptation to both FNA and FA was observed, but the adaptation was successfully overcome by deploying the alternate treatment strategy. Microbial community analysis showed Nitrospira and Nitrobacter, the key NOB populations in the reactor, have the ability to adapt to FNA and FA, respectively, but do not adapt to the alternation. Stable nitrite shunt with nitrite accumulation ratio over 95% and excellent nitrogen removal were maintained for the last 10 months with only one alternation applied. N2O emission increased initially as the attainment of nitrite shunt but exhibited a declining trend during the study. By using on-site-produced nitrite and ammonium, the proposed strategy is feasible and sustainable. This study brings the mainstream nitrite shunt and PN/A one step closer to wide applications.
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28
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Wang H, Xu G, Qiu Z, Zhou Y, Liu Y. NOB suppression in pilot-scale mainstream nitritation-denitritation system coupled with MBR for municipal wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:633-639. [PMID: 30391884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The high energy consumption associated with biological treatment of municipal wastewater is posing a serious impact and challenge on the current global wastewater industry and is also inevitably linked to the issue of global climate change. To tackle such an emerging situation, this study aimed to develop strategies to effectively suppress nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in pilot-scale mainstream nitritation-denitritation system coupled with MBR for municipal wastewater treatment. The results showed that stable nitrite shunt was achieved, while more than 90% of COD and NH4+-N removal were obtained via nitritation-denitritation in the pilot plant fed with real municipal wastewater. Through adjusting aeration intensity in MBR in combination with the integrated control of dissolved oxygen (DO), sludge retention time (SRT) and sludge return ratio, NOB was successfully suppressed with a nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) of more than 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Guangjing Xu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Zheng Qiu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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29
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Wang H, Kim M, Li K, Shao Y, Zhu J, Nakhla G. Effective partial nitrification of ammonia in a fluidized bed bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:94-101. [PMID: 28911270 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1380710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A lab-scale fluidized bed bioreactor with high-density polyethylene as biofilm carrier media was operated to study partial nitrification (PN) performance with high ammonia concentrations. The system was run at nitrogen loading rates (NLRs) from 1.2 to 4.8 kg N/(m3 d) with empty bed contact time of 2.0 and 2.7 h and four different influent ammonia concentrations of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/L. Dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature were maintained around 1.3 mg/L and 35°C, respectively. Stable PN was successfully achieved during the whole period with low effluent NO3-N concentration at less than 15 mg/L, due to effective suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity at high concentrations of free ammonia (5.3-27.3 mg N/L) and low alkalinity-to-ammonia ratio. At the NLR of 3.6 kg N/(m3 d), NH4-N conversion and NO2-N accumulation ratios were 57.8% and 53.9%, respectively, which could be further used in the anaerobic ammonium oxidation process (ANAMMOX) as the effluent NO2-N/NH4-N ratio was 1.27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Wang
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
- b Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - Mingu Kim
- b Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - Kai Li
- b Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Shao
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Jesse Zhu
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
- b Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - George Nakhla
- b Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
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30
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Analysis of enhanced nitrogen removal mechanisms in a validation wastewater treatment plant containing anammox bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:1255-1265. [PMID: 30539255 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Anammox bacteria have attracted attention due to their apparent importance in saving energy and reducing organic chemical demands. Here, we report the detection and quantification of anammox bacteria with an improved primer set in a validation wastewater treatment plant. The improved primer set was shown to detect a broad range of anammox bacteria (47.3%) facilitating more accurate analyses of nitrogen removal mechanisms. Nitrogen removal efficiency and dominant nitrogen removal mechanisms were compared in the modification-Johannesburg (Mod-JHB), modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) single-feed, and anoxic-oxic-anoxic-oxic (AOAO) step-feed modes. In the Mod-JHB configuration, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) and anammox were found to be responsible for more than 80% of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal (98.5 ± 0.8% of TIN removal). Decrease of anoxic SRT from 5 to 2.5 days did not have any obvious effect on nitrogen removal or the abundance of functional microorganisms. Microbial batch tests demonstrated that both partial nitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) were responsible for maintaining the anammox process. Short SRT (2 days) in the aerobic zone may explain the presence of partial nitrification. This study provides insights to the analysis of nitrogen removal mechanisms in validation wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) aiming for high nitrogen removal efficiency.
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31
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Cao Y, Kwok BH, van Loosdrecht MCM, Daigger G, Png HY, Long WY, Eng OK. The influence of dissolved oxygen on partial nitritation/anammox performance and microbial community of the 200,000 m 3/d activated sludge process at the Changi water reclamation plant (2011 to 2016). WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:634-643. [PMID: 30208004 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A), coupled with excess biological phosphorus removal, in a 200,000 m3/d step-feed activated sludge process (Train 2) in the Changi Water Reclamation Plant (WRP), Singapore, has been studied and reported. This paper presents an overview of process performance and the microbial community during the period from 2011 to 2016. The site data showed that, along with the reduction of dissolved oxygen (DO) from 1.7 to 1.0 mg O2/L in the aeration zones, the concentrations of ammonium and nitrate of the final effluent increased, while nitrite decreased, resulting in an increase of 2.4 mg N/L of total inorganic nitrogen. Autotrophic nitrogen removal was higher than heterotrophic biological nitrogen removal under higher DO concentration conditions, but decreased under low DO operating condition. These macro-scale changes were caused by shifts of the nitrogen-converting microbial community. The ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) population abundance was reduced by 30 times, while the nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) population abundance and specific activity increased significantly with a shift of dominant genus from Nitrobacter to Nitrospira. The ratio of AOB and NOB specific activities were reduced from 12.8 to 1.6, and the ex situ nitrite accumulation ratio reduced from 76% to 29%. Changes in the microbial community and overall process performance illustrated that, compared to the excellent NOB suppression under high DO conditions, NOB were more active after the DO concentration reduction despite still being partly suppressed. This case study demonstrated, for the first time, the influence of DO reduction on the nitrogen conversion microbial community and PN/A process performance for a suspended growth system. Its relevance to biofilm and hybrid PN/A processes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshi Cao
- Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, PUB, 40 Scotts Road #15-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231 E-mail: ; Current address: Blk 6, 41 Tang Jia Xian, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Bee Hong Kwok
- Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, PUB, 40 Scotts Road #15-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231 E-mail: ; Changi Water Reclamation Plant, 10 Changi East Close, Singapore 498785
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Glen Daigger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1351 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Hui Yi Png
- Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, PUB, 40 Scotts Road #15-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231 E-mail: ; Changi Water Reclamation Plant, 10 Changi East Close, Singapore 498785
| | - Wah Yuen Long
- Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, PUB, 40 Scotts Road #15-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231 E-mail:
| | - Ooi Kian Eng
- Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, PUB, 40 Scotts Road #15-01, Environment Building, Singapore 228231 E-mail:
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32
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Choi M, Cho K, Jeong D, Chung YC, Park J, Lee S, Bae H. Effects of the ammonium loading rate on nitrite-oxidizing activity during nitrification at a high dose of inorganic carbon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2018; 53:708-717. [PMID: 29469652 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1439854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of the ammonium loading rate (ALR) and inorganic carbon loading rate (ILR) on the nitrification performance and composition of a nitrifying bacterial community were investigated in a moving bed biofilm reactor, using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) sponge cubes as a supporting carrier. Between the two ALRs of 0.36 and 2.16 kg-N m-1 d-1, stable partial nitritation was achieved at the higher ALR. Inorganic carbon was dosed at high levels: 33.1, 22.0, 16.4, 11.0, and 5.4 times the theoretical amount. Nonetheless, nitrification efficiency was not affected by the ILR at the two ALRs. Quantitative PCR analysis of ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria revealed that ALR is an important determinant of partial nitritation by accumulating ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the nitrification system. In comparison, two nitrite-oxidizing bacterial genera (Nitrobacter and Nitrospira) showed almost the same relative abundance at various ALRs and ILRs. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism targeting the gene of ammonia monooxygenase subunit A revealed that Nitrosomonas europaea dominated under all conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Choi
- a Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul , Republic of Korea
- b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjin Cho
- a Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Dawoon Jeong
- a Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul , Republic of Korea
- c Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Chung
- a Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhong Park
- b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seockheon Lee
- a Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyokwan Bae
- d Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
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Cai M, Ng SK, Lim CK, Lu H, Jia Y, Lee PKH. Physiological and Metagenomic Characterizations of the Synergistic Relationships between Ammonia- and Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria in Freshwater Nitrification. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29535685 PMCID: PMC5835065 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrification plays a crucial role in global nitrogen cycling and treatment processes. However, the relationships between the nitrifier guilds of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) are still poorly understood, especially in freshwater habitats. This study examined the physiological interactions between the AOB and NOB present in a freshwater aquarium biofilter by culturing them, either together or separately, in a synthetic medium. Metagenomic and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed the presence and the draft genomes of Nitrosomonas-like AOB as well as Nitrobacter-like NOB in the cultures, including the first draft genome of Nitrobacter vulgaris. The nitrifiers exhibited different growth rates with different ammonium (NH4+) or nitrite concentrations (50-1,500 μM) and the growth rates were elevated under a high bicarbonate (HCO3-) concentration. The half-saturation constant (Ks for NH4+), the maximum growth rate (μmax), and the lag duration indicated a strong dependence on the synergistic relationships between the two guilds. Overall, the ecophysiological and metagenomic results in this study provided insights into the phylogeny of the key nitrifying players in a freshwater biofilter and showed that interactions between the two nitrifying guilds in a microbial community enhanced nitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Cai
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Siu-Kin Ng
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chee Kent Lim
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hongyuan Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yangyang Jia
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick K H Lee
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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34
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Moyles IR, Fowler AC. Production of nitrate spikes in a model of ammonium biodegradation. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-018-0370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Muñoz-Palazon B, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Gonzalez-Lopez J. New concepts in anammox processes for wastewater nitrogen removal: recent advances and future prospects. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:4847881. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Muñoz-Palazon
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
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36
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Wang Q, Duan H, Wei W, Ni BJ, Laloo A, Yuan Z. Achieving Stable Mainstream Nitrogen Removal via the Nitrite Pathway by Sludge Treatment Using Free Ammonia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9800-9807. [PMID: 28771329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen removal through the nitrite pathway (NH4+ → NO2- → N2) is favorable for wastewater treatment plants without sufficient carbon sources. This study demonstrates an innovative approach for attaining the nitrite pathway based on sludge treatment using free ammonia (FA, i.e., NH3). This approach is based on our innovative discovery in this study that FA at 210 mg NH3-N/L is far less biocidal to ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) than to nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). A total of 22% of the activated sludge from the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) receiving synthetic domestic wastewater was treated in an FA treatment unit at 210 mg NH3-N/L for 1 day. The FA-treated sludge was afterward recirculated back to the SBR. A nitrite accumulation ratio of above 90% was quickly achieved (in 40 days) and maintained stably in the SBR, indicating the establishment of the nitrite pathway. The NOB population and activity after implementing FA treatment was less than 5% of those without FA treatment, suggesting the washout of NOB. In contrast, the AOB population and activity in the SBR were not affected. The nitrogen-removal performance was significantly improved after incorporating the FA approach. The FA approach is a closed-loop approach and is economically and environmentally attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland , Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University , Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Haoran Duan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland , Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland , Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland , Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew Laloo
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland , Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland , Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Wen X, Gong B, Zhou J, He Q, Qing X. Efficient simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) system equipped with a real-time dissolved oxygen (DO) intelligent control system and microbial community shifts of different substrate concentrations. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 119:201-211. [PMID: 28460292 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process was studied in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) fed with synthetic wastewater in a range of 2200 mgN/L ∼ 50 mgN/L. Important was an external real-time precision dissolved oxygen (DO) intelligent control system that consisted of feed forward control system and feedback control system. This DO control system permitted close control of oxygen supply according to influent concentration, effluent quality and other environmental factors in the reactor. In this study the operation was divided into six phases according to influent nitrogen applied. SNAD system was successfully set up after adding COD into a CANON system. And the presence of COD enabled the survival of denitrifiers, and made Thauera and Pseudomonas predominant as functional denitrifiers in this system. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and 16S rRNA amplicon pyrosequencing were used to analyze the microbial variations of different substrate concentrations. Results indicated that the relative population of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) members decreased when influent ammonia concentration decreased from 2200 mg/L to 50 mg/L, while no dramatic drop of the percent of anammox bacteria was seen. And Nitrosomonas europaea was the predominant AOB in SNAD system treating sewage, while Candidatus Brocadia was the dominant anammox bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Benzhou Gong
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Qiang He
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxia Qing
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.
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Li X, Huang Y, Yuan Y, Bi Z, Liu X. Startup and operating characteristics of an external air-lift reflux partial nitritation-ANAMMOX integrative reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:657-665. [PMID: 28486199 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The differences in the physiological characteristics between AOB and ANAMMOX bacteria lead to suboptimal performance when used in a single reactor. In this study, aerobic and anaerobic zones with different survival environments were constructed in a single reactor to realize partitioned culture of AOB and ANAMMOX bacteria. An external air-lift reflux system was formed which used the exhaust from the aeration zone as power to return the effluent to the aeration zone. The reflux system effectively alleviated the large pH fluctuations and promoted NO2--N to rapidly use by ANAMMOX bacteria, effectively inhibiting the activity of NOB. After 95d of running, the nitrogen removal rate increased from the initial 0.21kg/(m3·d) to 3.1kg/(m3·d). FISH analyses further demonstrated that AOB and ANAMMOX bacteria acquired efficient enrichment in the corresponding zone. Thus, this type of integrative reactor may create the environments needed for the partial nitritation-ANAMMOX processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 2150l1, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 2150l1, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 2150l1, China
| | - Zhen Bi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 2150l1, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 2150l1, China
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39
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Erdirencelebi D, Koyuncu S. Operational strategies and environmental conditions inducing aerobic denitritation in short-cut biological nitrogen removal at side-line treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:607-615. [PMID: 28281935 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1293994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Factors promoting aerobic denitritation in a pilot-scale short-cut biological nitrogen removal (SBNR) process were investigated. The study implemented optimization of nitrogen removal in the anaerobic reject water (ARW) having a low organic C:N ratio ARW was produced in a large-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Aerobic denitritation occurred consistently during study of a specific period of sequential batch reactor (SBR) where nitrite removal under fully aerobic conditions was obtained with a switch from oxygen to nitrite respiration, creating an aerobic (high oxidation-reduction potential) condition. Specific factors inducing aerobic denitritation were found related to several parameters as ammonium concentration, temperature, feeding mode, duration of the oxic stage and substrate availability due to beta-oxidation of lipid matter. Microbial analyses indicated a higher increase in nitrite reducing than ammonium oxidizing activity, as an evidence for nitrifying denitrifier bacterial dominance in the biomass. The reaction induced a reduction in the inhibitory products of the process as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and free nitrous oxide (FNA), produced bicarbonate and increased removal efficiency of ammonium and nitrite, thus, total nitrogen. The outcome presents potential ways for further saving on aeration and chemical need via operational means, while taking advantage of the slowly degrading organic matter on SBNR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Erdirencelebi
- a Environmental Engineering Department , Engineering Faculty, Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Serdar Koyuncu
- b Konya Water and Sewerage Administration , Konya , Turkey
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40
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Ma Y, Domingo-Félez C, Plósz BG, Smets BF. Intermittent Aeration Suppresses Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria in Membrane-Aerated Biofilms: A Model-Based Explanation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:6146-6155. [PMID: 28448139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Autotrophic ammonium oxidation in membrane-aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs) can make treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters more energy-efficient, especially within the context of short-cut ammonium removal. The challenge is to exclusively enrich ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). To achieve nitritation, strategies to suppress nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) are needed, which are ideally grounded on an understanding of underlying mechanisms. In this study, a nitrifying MABR was operated under intermittent aeration. During eight months of operation, AOB dominated, while NOB were suppressed. On the basis of dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate profiles within the biofilm and in the bulk, a 1-dimensional nitrifying biofilm model was developed and calibrated. The model was utilized to explore the potential mechanisms of NOB suppression associated with intermittent aeration, considering DO limitation, direct pH effects on enzymatic activities, and indirect pH effects on activity via substrate speciation. The model predicted strong periodic shifts in the spatial gradients of DO, pH, free ammonia, and free nitrous acid, associated with aerated and nonaerated phases. NOB suppression during intermittent aeration was mostly explained by periodic inhibition caused by free ammonia due to periodic transient pH upshifts. Dissolved oxygen limitation did not govern NOB suppression. Different intermittent aeration strategies were then evaluated for nitritation success in intermittently aerated MABRs: both aeration intermittency and duration were effective control parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Ma
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark , Miljøvej Building 113, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carlos Domingo-Félez
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark , Miljøvej Building 113, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Benedek Gy Plósz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark , Miljøvej Building 113, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Barth F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark , Miljøvej Building 113, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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41
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Cao Y, van Loosdrecht MCM, Daigger GT. Mainstream partial nitritation-anammox in municipal wastewater treatment: status, bottlenecks, and further studies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:1365-1383. [PMID: 28084538 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Driven by energy neutral/positive of wastewater treatment plants, significant efforts have been made on the research and development of mainstream partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) (PN/A) (deammonification) process since the early 2010s. To date, feasibility of mainstream PN/A process has been demonstrated and proven by experimental results at various scales although with the low loading rates and elevated nitrogen concentration in the effluent at low temperatures (15-10 °C). This review paper provides an overview of the current state of research and development of mainstream PN/A process and critically analyzes the bottlenecks for its full-scale application. The paper discusses the following: (i) the current status of research and development of mainstream PN/A process; (ii) the interactions among aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, aerobic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, anammox bacteria, and heterotrophic bacteria; (iii) the suppression of aerobic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria; (iv) process and bioreactors; and (v) suggested further studies including efficient and robust carbon concentrating pretreatment, deepening of understanding competition between autotrophic nitrogen-converting organisms, intensification of biofilm anammox activity, reactor design, and final polishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshi Cao
- , Blk 6, 41 Tiang Jia Xian, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Glen T Daigger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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42
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Picioreanu C, Pérez J, van Loosdrecht MCM. Impact of cell cluster size on apparent half-saturation coefficients for oxygen in nitrifying sludge and biofilms. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 106:371-382. [PMID: 27750126 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3-D) diffusion-reaction model was used to assess the effects of nitrifiers growing in cell clusters on the apparent oxygen half-saturation coefficients in activated sludge flocs. The model allows conciliation of seemingly contradictory reports by several research groups. Although intrinsic half-saturation coefficients (i.e., not affected by diffusion) show a better affinity for oxygen for ammonia oxidizing (AOB) than for nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) (KO,AOB < KO,NOB), measurements in flocs often produced reversed apparent values (KO,AOB,app > KO,NOB,app), which can now be explained by the 3-D model with AOB and NOB microcolonies. This effect cannot be described with a conventional 1-D homogeneous model because the reversion of the AOB/NOB apparent KO is caused by the high biomass density and resulting concentration gradients inside the microcolonies. Two main factors explain the reversion of the half-saturation coefficients: the difference in oxygen yields (for NOB lower than for AOB) and the difference in colony size (NOB colonies are smaller than those of AOB). The strongest increase in the apparent half-saturation coefficients is linked to the colony size, rather than to the floc size. For high-density microbial aggregates (i.e., granular sludge), the need for a stratified population (AOB outer shell, NOB inner layers) was revealed in order to outcompete NOB. This study stresses the need for a more detailed description of the biomass distribution in activated sludge, granular sludge and biofilm reactors when elucidating the mechanisms for NOB repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Picioreanu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Julio Pérez
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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Poot V, Hoekstra M, Geleijnse MAA, van Loosdrecht MCM, Pérez J. Effects of the residual ammonium concentration on NOB repression during partial nitritation with granular sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 106:518-530. [PMID: 27770728 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Partial nitritation was stably achieved in a bench-scale airlift reactor (1.5L) containing granular sludge. Continuous operation at 20 °C treating low-strength synthetic wastewater (50 mg N-NH4+/L and no COD) achieved nitrogen loading rates of 0.8 g N-NH4+/(L·d) during partial nitritation. The switch between nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) repression and NOB proliferation was observed when ammonium concentrations in the reactor were below 2-5 mg N-NH4+/L for DO concentrations lower than 4 mg O2/L at 20 °C. Nitrospira spp. were detected to be the dominant NOB population during the entire reactor operation, whereas Nitrobacter spp. were found to be increasing in numbers over time. Stratification of the granule structure, with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) occupying the outer shell, was found to be highly important in the repression of NOB in the long term. The pH gradient in the granule, containing a pH difference of ca. 0.4 between the granule surface and the granule centre, creates a decreasing gradient of ammonia towards the centre of the granule. Higher residual ammonium concentration enhances the ammonium oxidation rate of those cells located further away from the granule surface, where the competition for oxygen between AOB and NOB is more important, and it contributes to the stratification of both populations in the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Poot
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Hoekstra
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mitchell A A Geleijnse
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Julio Pérez
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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Miao Y, Zhang L, Yang Y, Peng Y, Li B, Wang S, Zhang Q. Start-up of single-stage partial nitrification-anammox process treating low-strength swage and its restoration from nitrate accumulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:771-779. [PMID: 27423544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A single-stage partial nitrification-anammox (PN/A) reactor treating low-strength swage was operated for 288days to investigate the recovery of nitrogen removal from nitrate accumulation. The reactor was quickly started up by inoculating anammox sludge. However, nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) abundance gradually increased on day 25, leading to high effluent nitrate concentration. Two strategies were executed to control the effluent nitrate. In strategy I, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was kept low (0.17±0.08mg/L), but nitrate production increased from 4.71 to 38.18mg-N/L. In strategy II, intermittent aeration operation mode (aeration 7min/anoxic 21min) was adopted, which significantly lowered the nitrate concentration to 1.3mg-N/L, indicating the NOB was inhibited. The high nitrogen removal rate of 73mg-N/(L·d) was achieved. The evolution of bacterial activity and abundance verified the changes of the nitrogen removal performance and proved the intermittent aeration strategy could successfully solve the problem of nitrate build-up in the PN/A process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yandong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Baikun Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Shuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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45
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Optimized operational strategies based on maximum nitritation, stability, and nitrite accumulation potential in a continuous partial nitritation reactor. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li M, Li P, Du C, Sun L, Li B. Pilot-Scale Study of an Integrated Membrane-Aerated Biofilm Reactor System on Urban River Remediation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Du
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Linquan Sun
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Baoan Li
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
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47
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Seuntjens D, Bundervoet BLM, Mollen H, De Mulder C, Wypkema E, Verliefde A, Nopens I, Colsen JGM, Vlaeminck SE. Energy efficient treatment of A-stage effluent: pilot-scale experiences with shortcut nitrogen removal. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:2150-2158. [PMID: 27148716 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Energy autarky of sewage treatment plants, while reaching chemical oxygen demand (COD) and N discharge limits, can be achieved by means of shortcut N-removal. This study presents the results of a shortcut N-removal pilot, located at the biological two-'stage (high/low rate) wastewater treatment plant of Breda, The Netherlands. The pilot treated real effluent of a high-rate activated sludge (COD/N = 3), fed in a continuous mode at realistic loading rates (90-100 g N/(m(3)·d)). The operational strategy, which included increased stress on the sludge settling velocity, showed development of a semi-granular sludge, with average particle size of 280 μm (ø(4,3)), resulting in increased suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. The process was able to remove part of the nitrogen (51 ± 23%) over nitrite, with COD/N removal ratios of 3.2 ± 0.9. The latter are lower than the current operation of the full-scale B-stage in Breda (6.8-9.4), showing promising results for carbon-efficient N-removal, while producing a well settling sludge (SVI(30) < 100 mL/g).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Seuntjens
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium E-mail:
| | - B L M Bundervoet
- Colsen International bv., Kreekzoom 5, 4561 GX Hulst, The Netherlands
| | - H Mollen
- Waterschap Brabantse Delta, Bouvignelaan 5, 4836 AA Breda, The Netherlands
| | - C De Mulder
- Biomath, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - E Wypkema
- Waterschap Brabantse Delta, Bouvignelaan 5, 4836 AA Breda, The Netherlands
| | - A Verliefde
- Particle and Interfacial Technology Group (PaInt), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - I Nopens
- Biomath, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J G M Colsen
- Colsen International bv., Kreekzoom 5, 4561 GX Hulst, The Netherlands
| | - S E Vlaeminck
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium E-mail: ; Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Faculty of Science, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
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48
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Yang Q, Shen N, Lee ZMP, Xu G, Cao Y, Kwok B, Lay W, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) in a full-scale water reclamation plant located in warm climate. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:448-456. [PMID: 27438250 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The combination of simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) provides a more efficient and economically viable option for nutrient removal from municipal wastewater compared to conventional two-step nitrification-denitrification. This study analyzed the nutrients (N and P) profiles in a full-scale municipal wastewater reclamation plant (WRP) located in the tropical region, in which more than 90% of nitrogen was removed. Interestingly, average SND efficiency in aerobic zones was found to be up to 50%, whereas phosphorus profile displayed a clear cyclic release and uptake pattern with a phosphorus removal efficiency of up to 76%. The capability of sludge to perform SND and EBPR was further confirmed through a series of batch experiments. Microbial analysis revealed the presence of Accumulibacter and Tetrasphaera phosphate accumulating organisms in the plant, while few glycogen accumulating organisms (GAO) was observed. This study showed the significant occurrence of combined SND and EBPR, known as simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR), in the studied WRP under warm climate. The possible causes behind the observed SNDPR were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Nan Shen
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore E-mail: ; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zarraz M-P Lee
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore E-mail:
| | - Guangjing Xu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore E-mail:
| | - Yeshi Cao
- PUB, 40 Scotts Road # 15-01 Environment Building, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Beehong Kwok
- PUB, 40 Scotts Road # 15-01 Environment Building, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Winson Lay
- PUB, 40 Scotts Road # 15-01 Environment Building, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore E-mail: ; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore E-mail: ; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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49
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Liu G, Wang J. Quantifying the chronic effect of low DO on the nitrification process. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 141:19-25. [PMID: 26086562 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that a low dissolved oxygen (DO) could enrich and shift nitrifier community, making complete nitrification feasible under long-term low DO conditions. This research determined nitrifier kinetic constants, and quantified the chronic effect of low DO on the overall nitrification process. For ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), the half-velocity constants of DO on the growth (KDO-g) and decay (KDO-d) were 0.29 and 0.48mgL(-1), respectively. For nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB), those values were 0.08 and 0.69mgL(-1), respectively. The low KDO-g values for both AOB and NOB suggest that a DO of greater than 1mgL(-1) does not provide further benefit to nitrification, and the lower KDO-g value for NOB suggests that nitrite oxidation is less impacted by a low DO. The KDO-d values of 0.48 and 0.69mgL(-1) for AOB and NOB, respectively, suggest that a low DO of less than 1mgL(-1) significantly inhibits the decay of both AOB and NOB, resulting in their enrichment. The relationship between the operational DO and required SRT for complete nitrification was developed to provide a theoretical foundation for operating an advanced wastewater treatment plant under low DO, to significantly improve aeration energy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liu
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States; Frontier Environmental Technology, 12687 Cinnamon Court, Rolla, MO 65401, United States
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States.
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Puthiya Veettil V, Abdulaziz A, Chekidhenkuzhiyil J, Kalanthingal Ramkollath L, Karayadi Hamza F, Kizhakkepat Kalam B, Kallungal Ravunnikutty M, Nair S. Bacterial domination over archaea in ammonia oxidation in a monsoon-driven tropical estuary. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 69:544-553. [PMID: 25344857 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Autotrophic ammonia oxidizing microorganisms, which are responsible for the rate-limiting step of nitrification in most aquatic systems, have not been studied in tropical estuaries. Cochin estuary (CE) is one of the largest, productive, and monsoon-driven estuary in India opening into the southeast Arabian Sea. CE receives surplus quantities of ammonia through industrial and domestic discharges. The distribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (anammox) were studied using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and their relative contribution to the process as well as the governing factors were examined and reported for the first time from CE. The order of occurrence of these assemblages was β-proteobacteria (0.79 to 2 × 10(5) cells ml(-1)) > γ-proteobacteria (0.9 to 4.6 × 10(4) cells ml(-1)) > anammox (0.49 to 1.9 × 10(4) cells ml(-1)) > AOA (0.56 to 6.3 × 10(3) cells ml(-1)). Phylogenetic analysis of DGGE bands showed major affiliation of AOB to β-proteobacteria, while AOA was affiliated to Crenarchaeota. The abundance of AOB was mostly influenced by ammonia concentrations. The recovered ammonia oxidation rate of AOB was in the range of 45-65%, whereas for AOA, it was 15-45%, indicating that AOB were mostly responsible for the ammonia oxidation in CE during the study period. Overall, the present study provides an insight into the relevance and contribution of different groups of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in CE and emphasizes the need for further in depth studies across space and on season scale.
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