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Aerobic degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol by Proteus sp. strain OSES2 obtained from an explosive contaminated tropical soil. Biodegradation 2021; 32:643-662. [PMID: 34487282 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) degrading bacterial strain isolated from a site polluted with explosives was identified as Proteus sp. strain OSES2 via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Metabolic investigation showed that the organism grew exponentially on 100 mg l-1 of TNP as a source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. In addition, the growth of the organism was sustainable on 3-nitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 4-nitrophenol, methyl-3-nitrobenzoate, 4-nitroaniline, aniline and nitrobenzene. Strain OSES2 was able to utilize TNP within a concentration range of 100 mg l-1 to 500 mg l-1. The specific growth rate and degradation rates on TNP were 0.01043 h-1 and 0.01766 mg l-1 h-1 respectively. Effective degradation of TNP in a chemically defined medium was evident with a gradual reduction in the concentration of TNP concomitant with an increase in cell density as well as the substantial release of ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2-), and nitrate (NO3-) as metabolites in 96 h. Degradation competence of the organism was enhanced in the presence of starch and acetate. On starch-supplemented TNP, the highest specific growth rate and degradation rates were 0.02634 h-1 and 0.04458 mg l-1 h-1, respectively, while the corresponding values on acetate were 0.02341 h-1 and 0.02811 mg l-1 h-1. However, amendment with nitrogen sources yielded no substantial improvement in degradation. TNP was utilized optimally at pH 7 to 9 and within the temperature range of 30 °C to 37 °C. The enzyme hydride transferase II [HTII], encoded by the npdI gene which is the first step involved in the TNP degradation pathway, was readily expressed by the isolate thus suggesting that substrate was utilized through the classical metabolic pathway.
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Wójcik A, Perczyk P, Wydro P, Broniatowski M. Dichlorobiphenyls and chlorinated benzoic acids – Emergent soil pollutants in model bacterial membranes. Langmuir monolayer and Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction studies. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Voronina AO, Egorova DO, Korsakova ES, Plotnikova EG. Diversity of the bphA1 Genes in a Microbial Community from Anthropogenically Contaminated Soil and Isolation of New Pseudomonads Degrading Biphenyl/Chlorinated Biphenyls. Microbiology (Reading) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261719030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Sharma JK, Gautam RK, Nanekar SV, Weber R, Singh BK, Singh SK, Juwarkar AA. Advances and perspective in bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16355-16375. [PMID: 28488147 PMCID: PMC6360087 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microbial degradation and bioremediation approaches of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been studied extensively considering their toxicity, carcinogenicity and persistency potential in the environment. In this direction, different catabolic enzymes have been identified and reported for biodegradation of different PCB congeners along with optimization of biological processes. A genome analysis of PCB-degrading bacteria has led in an improved understanding of their metabolic potential and adaptation to stressful conditions. However, many stones in this area are left unturned. For example, the role and diversity of uncultivable microbes in PCB degradation are still not fully understood. Improved knowledge and understanding on this front will open up new avenues for improved bioremediation technologies which will bring economic, environmental and societal benefits. This article highlights on recent advances in bioremediation of PCBs in soil. It is demonstrated that bioremediation is the most effective and innovative technology which includes biostimulation, bioaugmentation, phytoremediation and rhizoremediation and acts as a model solution for pollution abatement. More recently, transgenic plants and genetically modified microorganisms have proved to be revolutionary in the bioremediation of PCBs. Additionally, other important aspects such as pretreatment using chemical/physical agents for enhanced biodegradation are also addressed. Efforts have been made to identify challenges, research gaps and necessary approaches which in future, can be harnessed for successful use of bioremediation under field conditions. Emphases have been given on the quality/efficiency of bioremediation technology and its related cost which determines its ultimate acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra K Sharma
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Ravindra K Gautam
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
- Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Sneha V Nanekar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Roland Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Göppingen, Germany
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sidney, Sidney, Australia
| | - Sanjeev K Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Asha A Juwarkar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India.
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Biological degradation of 4-chlorobenzoic acid by a PCB-metabolizing bacterium through a pathway not involving (chloro)catechol. Biodegradation 2016; 28:37-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-016-9776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gaza S, Felgner A, Otto J, Kushmaro A, Ben-Dov E, Tiehm A. Biodegradation of chloro- and bromobenzoic acids: effect of milieu conditions and microbial community analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 287:24-31. [PMID: 25625627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Monohalogenated benzoic acids often appear in industrial wastewaters where biodegradation can be hampered by complex mixtures of pollutants and prevailing extreme milieu conditions. In this study, the biodegradation of chlorinated and brominated benzoic acids was conducted at a pH range of 5.0-9.0, at elevated salt concentrations and with pollutant mixtures including fluorinated and iodinated compounds. In mixtures of the isomers, the degradation order was primarily 4-substituted followed by 3-substituted and then 2-substituted halogenated benzoic acids. If the pH and salt concentration were altered simultaneously, long adaptation periods were required. Community analyses were conducted in liquid batch cultures and after immobilization on sand columns. The Alphaproteobacteria represented an important fraction in all of the enrichment cultures. On the genus level, Afipia sp. was detected most frequently. In particular, Bacteroidetes were detected in high numbers with chlorinated benzoic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gaza
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Water Technology Center, Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Annika Felgner
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Water Technology Center, Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Johannes Otto
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Water Technology Center, Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Eitan Ben-Dov
- The National Institute for Biotechnology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; Achva Academic College, M.P. Shikmim 79800, Israel.
| | - Andreas Tiehm
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Water Technology Center, Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Gioia R, Akindele AJ, Adebusoye SA, Asante KA, Tanabe S, Buekens A, Sasco AJ. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Africa: a review of environmental levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6278-89. [PMID: 23636593 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown an increase in PCB sources in Africa due to leakage and wrongly disposed transformers, continuing import of e-waste from countries of the North, shipwreck, and biomass burning. Techniques used in the recycling of waste such as melting and open burning to recover precious metals make PCBs contained in waste and other semivolatile organic substances prone to volatilization, which has resulted in an increase of PCB levels in air, blood, breast milk, and fish in several regions of Africa. Consequences for workers performing these activities without adequate measures of protection could result in adverse human health effects. Recent biodegradation studies in Africa have revealed the existence of exotic bacterial strains exhibiting unique and unusual PCB metabolic capability in terms of array of congeners that can serve as carbon source and diversity of congeners attacked, marking considerable progress in the development of effective bioremediation strategies for PCB-contaminated matrices such as sediments and soils in tropical regions. Action must be taken to find and deal with the major African sources of these pollutants. The precise sources of the PCB plume should be pinned down and used to complete the pollutant inventories of African countries. These nations must then be helped to safely dispose of the potentially dangerous chemicals.
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Ilori MO, Picardal FW, Aramayo R, Adebusoye SA, Obayori OS, Benedik MJ. Catabolic plasmid specifying polychlorinated biphenyl degradation inCupriavidussp. strain SK-4: Mobilization and expression in a pseudomonad. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 55:338-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O. Ilori
- Department of Microbiology; University of Lagos; Akoka Lagos Nigeria
| | - Flynn W. Picardal
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs; Indiana University; Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - Rodolfo Aramayo
- Department of Biology; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
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Adebusoye SA, Miletto M. Characterization of multiple chlorobenzoic acid-degrading organisms from pristine and contaminated systems: mineralization of 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3041-3048. [PMID: 21074990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Multiple bacterial strains with CBA metabolic properties were isolated using a simple selective strategy. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped them into two main clusters consisting of four bacterial phyla and belonging to 17 genera. Whereas growth was more frequent with 2-CBA (∼68%), 50% grew on 4-CBA and ∼7% utilized 3-CBA. One third of the strains exhibited 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid (2,4-diCBA) catabolic function and were mainly representatives of α-, β- and γ-Proteobacteria. In batch experiments, growth was concomitant with substrate disappearance and near-stoichiometric release of chloride. Doubling times for 2,4-diCBA degradation doubled those determined for mono-substituted CBAs. Out of the six 2,4-diCBA degraders submitted for enzyme assays, significant induction of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase types I and II activities in cell-free extracts were found in four while protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase activity was detected in the remaining two. Activities in CBA-grown cells were 20 orders-of-magnitude higher than those grown on benzoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday A Adebusoye
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
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Adebusoye SA, Ilori MO, Picardal FW, Amund OO. Extensive biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in Aroclor 1242 and electrical transformer fluid (Askarel) by natural strains of microorganisms indigenous to contaminated African systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 73:126-132. [PMID: 18550146 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for substantial aerobic degradation of Aroclor 1242 and Askarel fluid by newly characterized bacterial strains belonging to the Enterobacter, Ralstonia and Pseudomonas genera is presented. The organisms exhibited degradative activity in terms of total PCB/Askarel degradation, degradation of individual congeners and diversity of congeners attacked. Maximal degradation by the various isolates of Askarel ranged from 69% to 86% whereas, Aroclor 1242, with the exception of Ralstonia sp. SA-4 (9.7%), was degraded by 37% to 91%. PCB analysis showed that at least 45 of the representative congeners in Aroclor 1242 were extensively transformed by benzoate-grown cells without the need for biphenyl as an inducer of the upper degradation pathway. In incubations with Aroclor 1242, no clear correlation was observed between percentage of congener transformed and the degree of chlorination, regardless of the presence or absence of biphenyl. Recovery of significant but nonstoichiometric amounts of chloride from the culture media showed partial dechlorination of congeners and suggested production of partial degradation products. Addition of biphenyl evidently enhanced dechlorination of the mixture by some isolates. With the exception of Ralstonia sp. SA-5, chloride released ranged from 24% to 60% in the presence of biphenyl versus 0.35% to 15% without biphenyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday A Adebusoye
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
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Obayori OS, Ilori MO, Adebusoye SA, Oyetibo GO, Amund OO. Pyrene-degradation potentials of Pseudomonas species isolated from polluted tropical soils. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Adebusoye SA, Picardal FW, Ilori MO, Amund OO. Evidence of aerobic utilization of di-ortho-substituted trichlorobiphenyls as growth substrates by Pseudomonas sp. SA-6 and Ralstonia sp. SA-4. Environ Microbiol 2008; 10:1165-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Adebusoye SA, Ilori MO, Picardal FW, Amund OO. Metabolism of chlorinated biphenyls: use of 3,3'- and 3,5-dichlorobiphenyl as sole sources of carbon by natural species of Ralstonia and Pseudomonas. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 70:656-63. [PMID: 17706746 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia sp. SA-3, Ralstonia sp. SA-4 and Pseudomonas sp. SA-6 are natural strains with a novel capacity to utilize meta-substituted dichlorobiphenyls (diCBs) hitherto not known to serve as a sole source of carbon and energy for polychlorobiphenyl-degraders. In growth experiments, axenic cultures of isolates grew logarithmically on 3,3'-diCB with generation times that ranged insignificantly (t-test, P>0.05) from 30.4 to 33.8 h. Both 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CBA) and chloride produced as metabolites were recovered in non-stoichiometric quantities. The release of chloride by the cultures lagged substantially, indicating that the initial dioxygenase attack preceded cleavage of carbon-chloride bonds and that chloride must have been released from the chlorinated hydroxypentadienoate. In the case of 3,5-diCB, SA-3 and SA-6 metabolised this substrate primarily to 3,5-CBA. The lack of chloride in the culture media coupled with stoichiometric recovery of 3,5-CBA suggests that growth by these strains occurred predominantly at the expense of the unsubstituted phenyl ring. The unique metabolic properties of these three aerobic isolates point to their potential usefulness as seeds for bioremediation of PCBs polluted environments without the need for repeated inoculation or supplementation by a primary growth substrate such as biphenyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday A Adebusoye
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
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Ilori MO, Robinson GK, Adebusoye SA. Degradation and mineralization of 2-chloro-, 3-chloro- and 4-chlorobiphenyl by a newly characterized natural bacterial strain isolated from an electrical transformer fluid-contaminated soil. J Environ Sci (China) 2008; 20:1250-1257. [PMID: 19143351 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A bacterium classified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain IR08 by phenotypic typing coupled with 16S rRNA gene analysis was isolated from a soil contaminated with electrical transformer fluid for over sixty years using Aroclor 1221 as an enrichment substrate. The substrate utilization profiles revealed that IR08 could grow on all three monochlorobiphenyls (CBs), 2,4'- and 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl as well as 2-chlorobenzoate (2-CBA), 3-CBA, 4-CBA, and 2,3-dichlorobenzoate. Unusually, growth was poorly sustained on biphenyl and benzoate. In growth experiments, IR08 degraded all CBs (0.27 mmol/L) in less than 96 h with concomitant stoichiometric release of inorganic chloride and growth yields were 2-3 times higher than those observed on biphenyl. In contrast to most of the chlorobiphenyl-degrading strains described in the literature, which are reported to form CBA, no metabolite was identified in the culture broth by HPLC analysis. When co-incubated with respective CBs and biphenyl, strain IR08 preferentially utilized the chlorinated analogues in less than 96 h while it took another 264 h before 90% of the initially supplied biphenyl could be degraded. The promotion of co-metabolic transformation of halogenated substrates by the inclusion of their non-halogenated derivatives may not therefore, result in universal benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O Ilori
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
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Adebusoye SA, Picardal FW, Ilori MO, Amund OO. Influence of chlorobenzoic acids on the growth and degradation potentials of PCB-degrading microorganisms. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ilori MO, Robinson GK, Adebusoye SA. Aerobic mineralization of 4,4′-dichlorobiphenyl and 4-chlorobenzoic acid by a novel natural bacterial strain that grows poorly on benzoate and biphenyl. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cometabolic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by axenic cultures of Ralstonia sp. strain SA-5 and Pseudomonas sp. strain SA-6 obtained from Nigerian contaminated soils. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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