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Peña-Montes C, Bermúdez-García E, Castro-Ochoa D, Vega-Pérez F, Esqueda-Domínguez K, Castro-Rodríguez JA, González-Canto A, Segoviano-Reyes L, Navarro-Ocaña A, Farrés A. ANCUT1, a novel thermoalkaline cutinase from Aspergillus nidulans and its application on hydroxycinnamic acids lipophilization. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:409-430. [PMID: 38416309 PMCID: PMC11055803 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
One of the four cutinases encoded in the Aspergillus nidulans genome, ANCUT1, is described here. Culture conditions were evaluated, and it was found that this enzyme is produced only when cutin is present in the culture medium, unlike the previously described ANCUT2, with which it shares 62% amino acid identity. The differences between them include the fact that ANCUT1 is a smaller enzyme, with experimental molecular weight and pI values of 22 kDa and 6, respectively. It shows maximum activity at pH 9 and 60 °C under assayed conditions and retains more than 60% of activity after incubation for 1 h at 60 °C in a wide range of pH values (6-10) after incubations of 1 or 3 h. It has a higher activity towards medium-chain esters and can modify long-chain length hydroxylated fatty acids constituting cutin. Its substrate specificity properties allow the lipophilization of alkyl coumarates, valuable antioxidants and its thermoalkaline behavior, which competes favorably with other fungal cutinases, suggests it may be useful in many more applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Peña-Montes
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT Veracruz, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos (UNIDA), Calzada Miguel Angel de Quevedo, 2779. Col. Formando Hogar, Veracruz, México, CP 91897
| | - Eva Bermúdez-García
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Denise Castro-Ochoa
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT Mochis, Juan de Dios Batiz y 20 de Noviembre, CP 81259, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Vega-Pérez
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Katia Esqueda-Domínguez
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Augusto Castro-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Augusto González-Canto
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis, 148, CP 06726, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laura Segoviano-Reyes
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Arturo Navarro-Ocaña
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Amelia Farrés
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Thakrar FJ, Koladiya GA, Singh SP. Heterologous Expression and Structural Elucidation of a Highly Thermostable Alkaline Serine Protease from Haloalkaliphilic Actinobacterium, Nocardiopsis sp. Mit-7. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7583-7602. [PMID: 37060510 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
A highly thermostable alkaline serine protease gene (SPSPro, MN429015) obtained from haloalkaliphilic actinobacteria, Nocardiopsis sp. Mit-7 (NCIM-5746), was successfully cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 under the control of the T7 promoter in the pET Blue1 vector leading to a 20-kDa gene product. The molecular weight of the recombinant alkaline protease, as determined by SDS-PAGE and the Mass Spectrometer (MALDI-TOF), was 34 kDa. The structural and functional attributes of the recombinant thermostable alkaline serine protease were analyzed by Bioinformatic tools. 3D Monomeric Model and Molecular Docking established the role of the amino acid residues, aspartate, serine, and tryptophan, in the active site of thealkaline protease.The activity of the recombinant alkaline protease was optimal at 65 °C, 5 °C higher than its native protease. The recombinant protease was also active over a wide range of pH 7.0-13.0, with a maximal activity of 6050.47 U/mg at pH 9. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters of the immobilized recombinant alkaline protease suggested its reduced vulnerability against adverse conditions under which the enzyme has to undergo varied applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foram J Thakrar
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Gopi A Koladiya
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
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Enzymatic degradation of xyloglucans by Aspergillus species: a comparative view of this genus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2701-2711. [PMID: 33760931 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus species are closely associated with humanity through fermentation, infectious disease, and mycotoxin contamination of food. Members of this genus produce various enzymes to degrade plant polysaccharides, including starch, cellulose, xylan, and xyloglucan. This review focus on the machinery of the xyloglucan degradation using glycoside hydrolases, such as xyloglucanases, isoprimeverose-producing oligoxyloglucan hydrolases, and α-xylosidases, in Aspergillus species. Some xyloglucan degradation-related glycoside hydrolases are well conserved in this genus; however, other enzymes are not. Cooperative actions of these glycoside hydrolases are crucial for xyloglucan degradation in Aspergillus species. KEY POINTS: •Xyloglucan degradation-related enzymes of Aspergillus species are reviewed. •Each Aspergillus species possesses a different set of glycoside hydrolases. •The machinery of xyloglucan degradation of A. oryzae is overviewed.
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Cucho H, López Y, Caldeira C, Valverde A, Ordóñez C, Soler C. Comparison of three different staining methods for the morphometric characterization of Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) sperm, using ISAS® CASA-Morph system. NOVA BIOLOGICA REPERTA 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/nbr.6.3.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bermúdez-García E, Peña-Montes C, Martins I, Pais J, Pereira CS, Sánchez S, Farrés A. Regulation of the cutinases expressed by Aspergillus nidulans and evaluation of their role in cutin degradation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3863-3874. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A novel alkaline protease from alkaliphilic Idiomarina sp. C9-1 with potential application for eco-friendly enzymatic dehairing in the leather industry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16467. [PMID: 30405184 PMCID: PMC6220337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline proteases have a myriad of potential applications in many industrial processes such as detergent, food and feed production, waste management and the leather industry. In this study, we isolated several alkaline protease producing bacteria from soda lake soil samples. A novel serine alkaline protease (AprA) gene from alkaliphilic Idiomarina sp. C9-1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified AprA and its pre-peptidase C-terminal (PPC) domain-truncated enzyme (AprA-PPC) showed maximum activity at pH 10.5 and 60 °C, and were active and stable in a wide range of pH and temperature. Ca2+ significantly improved the thermostability and increased the optimal temperature to 70 °C. Furthermore, both AprA and AprA-PPC showed good tolerance to surfactants and oxidizing and reducing agents. We found that the PPC domain contributed to AprA activity, thermostability and surfactant tolerance. With casein as substrate, AprA and AprA-PPC showed the highest specific activity of 42567.1 U mg−1 and 99511.9 U mg−1, the Km values of 3.76 mg ml−1 and 3.98 mg ml−1, and the Vmax values of 57538.5 U mg−1 and 108722.1 U mg−1, respectively. Secreted expression of AprA-PPC in Bacillus subtilis after 48 h cultivation resulted in yield of 4935.5 U ml−1 with productivity of 102.8 U ml−1 h−1, which is the highest reported in literature to date. Without adding any lime or sodium sulfide, both of which are harmful pollutants, AprA-PPC was effective in dehairing cattle hide and skins of goat, pig and rabbit in 8–12 h without causing significant damage to hairs and grain surface. Our results suggest that AprA-PPC may have great potentials for ecofriendly dehairing of animal skins in the leather industry.
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Ke Y, Yuan X, Li J, Zhou W, Huang X, Wang T. High-level expression, purification, and enzymatic characterization of a recombinant Aspergillus sojae alkaline protease in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 148:24-29. [PMID: 29596989 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An alkaline protease (Ap) was cloned from Aspergillus sojae GIM3.33 via RT-PCR technique. A truncated Ap without the signal peptide was successfully expressed in the Pichia pastoris KM71 strain. The following describes the optimal process conditions for the recombinant engineering of a strain expressing a recombinant Ap (rAp) in a triangular flask: inoculum concentration OD600 value 20.0 in 40 mL working volume (in 500 mL flasks), methanol addition (1.0%; volume ratio), 0.02% biotin solution (60 μL), and YNB primary concentration (13.0 g/L). Under these conditions, the protease activity of rAp in the fermentation broth reached 400.4 ± 40.5 U/mL after induction for three days. The rAp was isolated and purified, and its enzymatic characteristics were tested. Its optimal pH was 10.0, and it remained stable in a pH range of 7.0-10.0. Its optimal temperature was 45 °C and it retained >50% activity at 40 °C for 60 min. The rAp activity was significantly inhibited by PMSF, Zn2+ and Fe2+ and the rAp had a broad substrate specificity for natural proteins and synthetic peptide substrates, and preferred substrates at P1 position with large hydrophobic side-chain groups. Compared to Papain (8.7%) and Alcalase (12.2%), the degree of hydrolysis of rAp to soy protein isolate was 16.5%; therefore, rAp was a good candidate for the processing of food industry byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ke
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512005, People's Republic of China.
| | - XiaoMei Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512005, People's Republic of China.
| | - JiaSheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512005, People's Republic of China.
| | - XiaoHui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512005, People's Republic of China.
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Pawar VA, Prajapati AS, Akhani RC, Patel DH, Subramanian RB. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a thermostable keratinase from Bacillus altitudinis RBDV1. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:107. [PMID: 29430368 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A thermostable keratinase designated as KBALT was purified from Bacillus altitudinis RBDV1 from a poultry farm in Gujarat, India. The molecular weight of the native KBALT (nKBALT) purified using ammonium sulfate and ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography with a 40% yield and 80-fold purification was estimated to be ~ 43 kDa. The gene for KBALT was successfully cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant KBALT (rKBALT) when purified using a single step Ni-NTA His affinity chromatography achieved a yield of 38.20% and a 76.4-fold purification. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of rKBALT with known proteases of Bacillus species and inhibitory effect of PMSF suggest that rKBALT was a subtilisin-like serine protease. Both native and rKBALT exhibited higher activity at 85 °C and pH 8.0 in the presence of Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ba2+ and Fe3+ metal ions. Interestingly, 70% of their activity was retained at temperatures ranging from 35 to > 95 °C. The keratinolytic activity of both nKBALT and rKBALT was enhanced in the presence of reducing agents. They exhibited broad substrate specificity towards various protein substrates. KBALT was determined for its kinetic properties by calculating its Km (0.61 mg/ml) and Vmax (1673 U/mg/min) values. These results suggest KBALT as a robust and promising contender for enzymatic processing of keratinous wastes in waste processing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha A Pawar
- 1P. G. Department Of Biosciences, Satellite Campus, Sardar Patel Maidaan, Bakrol-Vadtal Road, Sardar Patel University, P.O. Box No. 39, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Anil S Prajapati
- 1P. G. Department Of Biosciences, Satellite Campus, Sardar Patel Maidaan, Bakrol-Vadtal Road, Sardar Patel University, P.O. Box No. 39, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Rekha C Akhani
- 2Department of Biochemistry, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Anand, Gujarat India
| | - Darshan H Patel
- 2Department of Biochemistry, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Anand, Gujarat India
| | - R B Subramanian
- 1P. G. Department Of Biosciences, Satellite Campus, Sardar Patel Maidaan, Bakrol-Vadtal Road, Sardar Patel University, P.O. Box No. 39, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120 India
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9
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Eida MAK, Amira HAA. Effect of activators and inhibitors on extracellular thermostable alkaline protease isolated from Bacillus subtilis obtained from eastern province of Saudi Arabia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2016.15429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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10
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ANCUT2, a Thermo-alkaline Cutinase from Aspergillus nidulans and Its Potential Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 182:1014-1036. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Xie L, Xiao Y, Gao X. Purification and Characterization of a Halotolerant Alkaline Serine Protease fromPenicillium citrinumYL-1 Isolated from Traditional Chinese Fish Sauce. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2016.1168305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Yadav SK, Bisht D, Tiwari S, Darmwal N. Purification, biochemical characterization and performance evaluation of an alkaline serine protease from Aspergillus flavus MTCC 9952 mutant. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Biophysicochemical Characterization of an Alkaline Protease from Beauveria sp. MTCC 5184 with Multiple Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:589-602. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Xiao YZ, Wu DK, Zhao SY, Lin WM, Gao XY. Statistical Optimization of Alkaline Protease Production fromPenicillium citrinumYL-1 Under Solid-State Fermentation. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 45:447-62. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.923450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Cloning, over expression and functional attributes of serine proteases from Oceanobacillus iheyensis O.M.A18 and Haloalkaliphilic bacterium O.M.E12. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Corrêa T, Zubieta M, Teixeira J, de Queiroz M, de Araújo E. Carboxyl ester hydrolase from Penicillium expansum
: cloning, characterization and overproduction by Penicillium griseoroseum. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:114-24. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.L.R. Corrêa
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO; Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa); Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - M.P. Zubieta
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO; Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa); Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - J.A. Teixeira
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO; Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa); Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - M.V. de Queiroz
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO; Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa); Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - E.F. de Araújo
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO; Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa); Viçosa MG Brazil
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Evaluation of strategies to improve the production of alkaline protease PrtA from Aspergillus nidulans. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1672-82. [PMID: 23334783 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus nidulans produces several proteases. The prtA gene encodes a major protease, and two approaches were explored to achieve the overproduction of this enzyme. Molecular cloning of the mature form of this enzyme in Pichia pastoris resulted in the production of an inactive form. In addition, the presence of this enzyme was toxic for the host and resulted in cell lysis. The modification of the culture medium constituents resulted in a 6.4-fold increase in enzyme production. The main effect was achieved through the use of organic nitrogen sources. Although it was previously shown that the PrtA protease shows promiscuous esterase activity, the production of this enzyme was not induced by lipidic sources.
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Purification, Characterization, and Specificity Determination of a New Serine Protease Secreted by Penicillium waksmanii. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Szilágyi M, Miskei M, Karányi Z, Lenkey B, Pócsi I, Emri T. Transcriptome changes initiated by carbon starvation in Aspergillus nidulans. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2012; 159:176-190. [PMID: 23154970 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.062935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon starvation is a common stress for micro-organisms both in nature and in industry. The carbon starvation stress response (CSSR) involves the regulation of several important processes including programmed cell death and reproduction of fungi, secondary metabolite production and extracellular hydrolase formation. To gain insight into the physiological events of CSSR, DNA microarray analyses supplemented with real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) experiments on 99 selected genes were performed. These data demonstrated that carbon starvation induced very complex changes in the transcriptome. Several genes contributing to protein synthesis were upregulated together with genes involved in the unfolded protein stress response. The balance between biosynthesis and degradation moved towards degradation in the case of cell wall, carbohydrate, lipid and nitrogen metabolism, which was accompanied by the production of several hydrolytic enzymes and the induction of macroautophagy. These processes provide the cultures with long-term survival by liberating nutrients through degradation of the cell constituents. The induced synthesis of secondary metabolites, antifungal enzymes and proteins as well as bacterial cell wall-degrading enzymes demonstrated that carbon-starving fungi should have marked effects on the micro-organisms in their surroundings. Due to the increased production of extracellular and vacuolar enzymes during carbon starvation, the importance of the endoplasmic reticulum increased considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Szilágyi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Márton Miskei
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Karányi
- Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Lenkey
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Bisht D, Yadav SK, Gautam P, Darmwal NS. Simultaneous production of alkaline lipase and protease by antibiotic and heavy metal tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Basic Microbiol 2012; 53:715-22. [PMID: 22961768 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An efficient bacterial strain capable of simultaneous production of lipase and protease in a single production medium was isolated. Thirty six bacterial strains, isolated from diverse habitats, were screened for their lipolytic and proteolytic activity. Of these, only one bacterial strain was found to be lipase and protease producer. The 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain (NSD-09) was in close identity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The maximum lipase (221.4 U/ml) and protease (187.9 U/ml) activities were obtained after 28 and 24 h of incubation, respectively at pH 9.0 and 37 °C. Castor oil and wheat bran were found to be the best substrate for lipase and protease production, respectively. The strain also exhibited high tolerance to lead (1450 µg/ml) and chromium (1000 µg/ml) in agar plates. It also showed tolerance to other heavy metals, such as Co(+2) , Zn(+2) , Hg(+2) , Ni(+2) and Cd(+2) . Therefore, this strain has scope for tailing bioremediation. Presumably, this is the first attempt on P. aeruginosa to explore its potential for both industrial and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Bisht
- Centre of Excellence, Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, U.P., India
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Gohel S, Singh S. Cloning and expression of alkaline protease genes from two salt-tolerant alkaliphilic actinomycetes in E. coli. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:664-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Castro-Ochoa D, Peña-Montes C, González-Canto A, Alva-Gasca A, Esquivel-Bautista R, Navarro-Ocaña A, Farrés A. ANCUT2, an extracellular cutinase from Aspergillus nidulans induced by olive oil. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 166:1275-90. [PMID: 22238011 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cutinases are versatile carboxylic ester hydrolases with great potential in many biocatalytic processes, including biodiesel production. Genome sequence analysis of the model organism Aspergillus nidulans reveals four genes encoding putative cutinases. In this work, we purified and identified for the first time a cutinase (ANCUT2) produced by A. nidulans. ANCUT2 is a 29-kDa protein which consists of 255 amino acid residues. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of ANCUT2 with other microbial cutinase sequences revealed a high degree of homology with other fungal cutinases as well as new features, which include a serine-rich region and conserved cysteines. Cutinase production with different lipidic and carbon sources was also explored. Enzyme activity was induced by olive oil and some triacylglycerides and fatty acids, whereas it was repressed by glucose (1%) and other sugars. In some conditions, a 22-kDa post-translational processing product was also detected. The cutinase nature of the enzyme was confirmed after degradation of apple cutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Castro-Ochoa
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
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Abidi F, Chobert JM, Haertlé T, Marzouki MN. Purification and biochemical characterization of stable alkaline protease Prot-2 from Botrytis cinerea. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Hernández-Martínez R, Gutiérrez-Sánchez G, Bergmann C, Loera-Corral O, Rojo-Domínguez A, Huerta-Ochoa S, Regalado-González C, Prado-Barragán L. Purification and characterization of a thermodynamic stable serine protease from Aspergillus fumigatus. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Szilágyi M, Kwon NJ, Bakti F, M-Hamvas M, Jámbrik K, Park H, Pócsi I, Yu JH, Emri T. Extracellular proteinase formation in carbon starving Aspergillus nidulans cultures--physiological function and regulation. J Basic Microbiol 2011; 51:625-34. [PMID: 21953444 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular proteinase formation in carbon depleted cultures of the model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans was studied to elucidate its regulation and possible physiological function. As demonstrated by gene deletion, culture optimization, microbial physiological and enzymological experiments, the PrtA and PepJ proteinases of A. nidulans did not appear to play a decisive role in the autolytic decomposition of fungal cells under the conditions we tested. However, carbon starvation induced formation of the proteinases observable in autolytic cultures. Similar to other degradative enzymes, production of proteinase was regulated by FluG-BrlA asexual developmental signaling and modulated by PacC-dependent pH-responsive signaling. Under the same carbon starved culture conditions, alterations of CreA, MeaB or heterotrimeric G protein mediated signaling pathways caused less significant changes in the formation of extracellular proteinases. Taken together, these results indicate that while the accumulation of PrtA and PepJ is tightly coupled to the initiation of autolysis, they are not essential for autolytic cell wall degradation in A. nidulans. Thus, as Aspergillus genomes contain a large group of genes encoding proteinases with versatile physiological functions, selective control of proteinase production in fungal cells is needed for the improved industrial use of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Szilágyi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Purohit MK, Singh SP. Comparative analysis of enzymatic stability and amino acid sequences of thermostable alkaline proteases from two haloalkaliphilic bacteria isolated from Coastal region of Gujarat, India. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:103-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cloning, expression, and characterization of serine protease from thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus var. levisporus. J Microbiol 2011; 49:121-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-011-9355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Peña-Montes C, Lange S, Flores I, Castro-Ochoa D, Schmid R, Cruz-García F, Farrés A. Molecular characterization of StcI esterase from Aspergillus nidulans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:917-26. [PMID: 19440704 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus nidulans produces StcI esterase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of sterigmatocystin, a precursor of aflatoxins. Previous reports of this esterase in A. nidulans suggest that it is composed of 286 amino acid residues with a theoretical molecular mass of 31 kDa. Various conditions were evaluated to determine the optimal expression conditions for StcI; the highest level was observed when A. nidulans was cultured in solid oat media. Various esterases were expressed differentially according to the culture media used. However, specific antibodies designed to detect StcI reacted with a protein with an unexpected molecular mass of 35 kDa in cell extracts from all expression conditions. Analysis of the gene sequence and already reported expressed sequence tags indicated the presence of an additional 29-amino-acid N-terminal region of StcI, which is not a signal peptide and which has not been previously reported. We also detected the presence of this additional N-terminal region using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The complete protein (NStcI) was cloned and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Peña-Montes
- Food and Biotechnology Department, Chemistry Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico , Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, DF 04510, Mexico
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The Aspergillus nidulans pigP gene encodes a subunit of GPI-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase which influences filamentation and protein secretion. Curr Genet 2009; 55:301-9. [PMID: 19421754 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-009-0246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring is the main mechanism allowing proper localization of secretory proteins in cell membranes. We have isolated an Aspergillus nidulans homolog of the human PIG-P gene, which encodes a subunit of acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT)-an enzyme involved in the synthesis of GPI anchors. A. nidulans pigP mutants have significantly decreased GPI synthesis. On solid media they show strong growth retardation (the "button" phenotype) while in liquid minimal media they show overall good growth but with hyperbranched and bulbous hyphae with impaired septation. Furthermore, the pigP strains, in contrast to the wild-type, abundantly secrete a 33-kDa alkaline serine protease (ALP) into the liquid medium.
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PepJ is a new extracellular proteinase of Aspergillus nidulans. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2009; 54:105-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-009-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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