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You Y, Kong H, Li C, Gu Z, Ban X, Li Z. Carbohydrate binding modules: Compact yet potent accessories in the specific substrate binding and performance evolution of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108365. [PMID: 38677391 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) are independent non-catalytic domains widely found in carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and they play an essential role in the substrate binding process of CAZymes by guiding the appended catalytic modules to the target substrates. Owing to their precise recognition and selective affinity for different substrates, CBMs have received increasing research attention over the past few decades. To date, CBMs from different origins have formed a large number of families that show a variety of substrate types, structural features, and ligand recognition mechanisms. Moreover, through the modification of specific sites of CBMs and the fusion of heterologous CBMs with catalytic domains, improved enzymatic properties and catalytic patterns of numerous CAZymes have been achieved. Based on cutting-edge technologies in computational biology, gene editing, and protein engineering, CBMs as auxiliary components have become portable and efficient tools for the evolution and application of CAZymes. With the aim to provide a theoretical reference for the functional research, rational design, and targeted utilization of novel CBMs in the future, we systematically reviewed the function-related characteristics and potentials of CAZyme-derived CBMs in this review, including substrate recognition and binding mechanisms, non-catalytic contributions to enzyme performances, module modifications, and innovative applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian You
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Haocun Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Caiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China.
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2
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Zhang S, Wang J, Chen Y, Zheng Z, Xu Z. Efficient secretion of an enzyme cocktail in Escherichia coli for hemicellulose degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129205. [PMID: 38185299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The use of host to secrete several hemicellulase is a cost-effective way for hemicellulose degradation. In this study, the xylose utilization gene xylAB of Escherichia coli BL21 was knocked out, and the xylanase (N20Xyl), β-xylosidase (Xys), and feruloyl esterase (FaeLam) were co-expressed in this strain. By measuring the content of reducing sugars generated by enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat bran in the fermentation supernatant, the order of the three enzymes was screened to obtain the optimal recombinant strain of E. coli BL21/∆xylAB/pDIII-2. Subsequently, fermentation conditions including culture medium, inducer concentration, induction timing, metal ions, and glycine concentration were optimized. Then, different concentrations of wheat bran and xylan were added to the fermentation medium for degradation. The results showed that the extracellular reducing sugars content reached the highest value of 33.70 ± 0.46 g/L when 50 g/L xylan was added. Besides, the scavenging rates of hydroxyl radical by the fermentation supernatant was 81.0 ± 1.41 %, and the total antioxidant capacity reached 2.289 ± 0.55. Furthermore, it showed the growth promotion effect on different lactic acid bacteria. These results provided a basis for constructing E. coli strain to efficiently degrade hemicellulose, and the strain obtained has great potential application to transform hemicellulose into fermentable carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, PR China; Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, PR China
| | - Jiapeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, PR China; Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Yunxia Chen
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, PR China
| | - Ziyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, PR China; Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Zhenshang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, PR China; Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, PR China.
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Liu J, Zhu J, Xu Q, Shi R, Liu C, Sun D, Liu W. Functional identification of two novel carbohydrate-binding modules of glucuronoxylanase CrXyl30 and their contribution to the lignocellulose saccharification. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:40. [PMID: 36890582 PMCID: PMC9996879 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 30 xylanases are a distinct group of xylanases, most of which have a highly specific catalytic activity for glucuronoxylan. Since GH30 xylanases do not normally carry carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), our knowledge of the function of their CBMs is lacking. RESULTS In this work, the CBM functions of CrXyl30 were investigated. CrXyl30 was a GH30 glucuronoxylanase containing tandem CBM13 (CrCBM13) and CBM2 (CrCBM2) at its C terminus, which was identified in a lignocellulolytic bacterial consortium previously. Both CBMs could bind insoluble and soluble xylan, with CrCBM13 having binding specificity for the xylan with L-arabinosyl substitutions, whereas CrCBM2 targeted L-arabinosyl side chains themselves. Such binding abilities of these two CBMs were completely different from other CBMs in their respective families. Phylogenetic analysis also suggested that both CrCBM13 and CrCBM2 belong to novel branches. Inspection of the simulated structure of CrCBM13 identified a pocket that just accommodates the side chain of 3(2)-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-xylotriose, which forms hydrogen bonds with three of the five amino acid residues involved in ligand interaction. The truncation of either CrCBM13 or CrCBM2 did not alter the substrate specificity and optimal reaction conditions of CrXyl30, whereas truncation of CrCBM2 decreased the kcat/Km value by 83% (± 0%). Moreover, the absence of CrCBM2 and CrCBM13 resulted in a 5% (± 1%) and a 7% (± 0%) decrease, respectively, in the amount of reducing sugar released by the synergistic hydrolysis of delignified corncob whose hemicellulose is arabinoglucuronoxylan, respectively. In addition, fusion of CrCBM2 with a GH10 xylanase enhanced its catalytic activity against the branched xylan and improved the synergistic hydrolysis efficiency by more than fivefold when delignified corncob was used as substrate. Such a strong stimulation of hydrolysis resulted from the enhancement of hemicellulose hydrolysis on the one hand, and the cellulose hydrolysis is also improved according to the lignocellulose conversion rate measured by HPLC. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies the functions of two novel CBMs in CrXyl30 and shows the good potential of such CBMs specific for branched ligands in the development of efficient enzyme preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingrong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Di Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weijie Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
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Duan K, Ban X, Wang Y, Li C, Gu Z, Li Z. Improving the Product Specificity of Maltotetraose-Forming Amylase from Pseudomonas saccharophila STB07 by Removing the Carbohydrate-Binding Module. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13709-13718. [PMID: 36238980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Maltotetraose (G4) is composed of four glucose units linked by the α-1,4-glycosidic bond, which has excellent adaptability in food processing and specific physiological functions. Maltotetraose-forming amylases (MFAses) are used in the industry as a promising tool for G4 production. The MFAse from Pseudomonas saccharophila STB07 (MFAPS), which belongs to the GH13, can preferentially hydrolyze substrates to G4. MFAPS contains a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM). In this study, we removed the CBM to obtain the mutant MFAPS-ΔCBM. We explored the aspects affecting the catalytic performance of enzymes through structural simulations and molecular docking. Results showed that when the CBM was removed, the thermal stability of MFAPS was slightly reduced, and its catalytic ability for long-chain substrates, such as corn starch, was significantly reduced. However, the catalytic ability and product specificity of the substrates with shorter chain length, such as maltodextrin (DE 7-9), were improved. The G1-G7 (glucose (G1), maltose (G2), maltotriose (G3), maltotetraose (G4), maltopentaose (G5), maltohexaose (G6), and maltoheptaose (G7)) contents and G4 proportion of the mutant MFAPS-ΔCBM reaction at 24 h were 11.1 and 11.6% higher than those of MFAPS, respectively. The results also showed that the forces of MFAPS on the substrate near the -4, -1, +1, and +3 subsites were critical for its product specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Duan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglan Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, People's Republic of China
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Isolation and Molecular Identification of Xylanase-Producing Bacteria from Ulva flexuosa of the Persian Gulf. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine ecosystem is one of the richest sources of biologically active compounds, such as enzymes, among which seaweed is one of the most diverse marine species and has a rich diversity of bacteria that produce different enzymes. Among these, the bacteria-derived xylanase enzyme has many applications in the fruit juice, paper, and baking industries; so, to consider the economic value of the xylanase enzyme and the isolation and identification of xylanase-producing bacteria is of particular importance. In this study, specimens of the alga Ulva flexuosa species were collected from the coasts of Bandar Abbas and Qeshm Island. The bacteria coexisting with the algae were isolated using a nutrient agar medium. The bacteria producing the xylanase enzyme were then screened by a specific solid culture medium containing xylan, and the activity of the xylanase enzyme isolated from the bacteria was measured using a xylan substrate. The bacteria with the highest enzymatic activity were selected and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and the culture medium conditions for the enzyme production by the selected bacterial strains were optimized. Among the bacterial community, two strains with the highest xylanase activity, which belonged to the genera Bacillus and Shewanella, were identified as Bacillus subtilis strain HR05 and Shewanella algae strain HR06, respectively. The two selected bacteria were registered in the NCBI gene database. The results demonstrated that the two selected strains had different optimal growing conditions in terms of pH and temperature, as well as the sources of carbon and nitrogen for enzyme production. It seems that the xylanase enzyme isolated from the bacterial strains HR05 and HR06, which coexist with alga Ulva flexousa, could be potential candidates for biotechnology and various industries, such as pulp production, paper, and food manufacture, due to their high activity and optimal alkaline pH.
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Wang J, Zhang S, Li C, Liu X, Xu Z, Wang T. Efficient secretion of xylanase in Escherichia coli for production of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Liu Z, Wen S, Wu G, Wu H. Heterologous expression and characterization of Anaeromyces robustus xylanase and its use in bread making. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Dong R, Liu X, Wang Y, Qin X, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Luo H, Yao B, Bai Y, Tu T. Fusion of a proline-rich oligopeptide to the C-terminus of a ruminal xylanase improves catalytic efficiency. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10482-10492. [PMID: 35441569 PMCID: PMC9161913 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2061290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylanases are widely used in the degradation of lignocellulose and are important industrial enzymes. Therefore, increasing the catalytic activity of xylanases can improve their efficiency and performance. In this study, we introduced the C-terminal proline-rich oligopeptide of the rumen-derived XynA into XylR, a GH10 family xylanase. The optimum temperature and pH of the fused enzyme (XylR-Fu) were consistent with those of XylR; however, its catalytic efficiency was 2.48-fold higher than that of XylR. Although the proline-rich oligopeptide did not change the enzyme hydrolysis mode, the amount of oligosaccharides released from beechwood xylan by XylR-Fu was 17% higher than that released by XylR. This increase may be due to the abundance of proline in the oligopeptide, which plays an important role in substrate binding. Furthermore, circular dichroism analysis indicated that the proline-rich oligopeptide might increase the rigidity of the overall structure, thereby enhancing the affinity to the substrate and catalytic activity of the enzyme. Our study shows that the proline-rich oligopeptide enhances the catalytic efficiency of GH10 xylanases and provides a better understanding of the C-terminal oligopeptide-function relationships. This knowledge can guide the rational design of GH10 xylanases to improve their catalytic activity and provides clues for further applications of xylanases in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honglian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang L, Wang Y, Chang S, Gao Z, Ma J, Wu B, He B, Wei P. Identification and characterization of a thermostable GH11 xylanase from Paenibacillus campinasensis NTU-11 and the distinct roles of its carbohydrate-binding domain and linker sequence. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112167. [PMID: 34715594 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An extracellular thermostable xylanase (XynNTU) from Paenibacillus campinasensis NTU-11, consisted of a glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 11 catalytic domain, a Gly/Pro-rich linker sequence (LS) and a family 6 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM6), was identified and expressed in E. coli BL21. The purified XynNTU had a specific activity of 2750 U/mg and an optimal activity at 60 °C and pH 7.0, and retained a residual activity of 58.4% after incubation (60 °C, 48 h). Two truncated mutants, CBM6-truncated form XynNTU-CDLS, CBM6 and linker-truncated form XynNTU-CD, possessed similar values of optimum pH and temperature as the native XynNTU. XynNTU-CD displayed a lower thermostability than XynNTU, whereas for XynNTU-CDLS, more than 90% of residual activity was remained (60 °C, 48 h), indicating that this enzyme presented a higher thermostability than that of the majority of reported GH11 xylanases. Furthermore, XynNTU and two mutants maintained more than 70% of residual activity at pH values of 5-9. Kinetic measurements suggested that CBM6 had a crucial function in the ability of the enzyme to bind and hydrolyze xylan substrates, while LS had a relatively mild influence. Collectively, a noticeable thermostability and a high specific activity of XynNTU and its truncated form XynNTU-CDLS highlights their potentials for diverse industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiya Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyuan Chang
- School of Health and Life Science, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, 625 Geguan Road, Nanjing 210048, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiangfeng Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingfang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China
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Verma D. Extremophilic Prokaryotic Endoxylanases: Diversity, Applicability, and Molecular Insights. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:728475. [PMID: 34566933 PMCID: PMC8458939 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.728475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremophilic endoxylanases grabbed attention in recent years due to their applicability under harsh conditions of several industrial processes. Thermophilic, alkaliphilic, and acidophilic endoxylanases found their employability in bio-bleaching of paper pulp, bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into xylooligosaccharides, bioethanol production, and improving the nutritious value of bread and other bakery products. Xylanases obtained from extremophilic bacteria and archaea are considered better than fungal sources for several reasons. For example, enzymatic activity under broad pH and temperature range, low molecular weight, cellulase-free activity, and longer stability under extreme conditions of prokaryotic derived xylanases make them a good choice. In addition, a short life span, easy cultivation/harvesting methods, higher yield, and rapid DNA manipulations of bacterial and archaeal cells further reduces the overall cost of the product. This review focuses on the diversity of prokaryotic endoxylanases, their characteristics, and their functional attributes. Besides, the molecular mechanisms of their extreme behavior have also been presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digvijay Verma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
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11
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Rahimian Gavaseraei H, Hasanzadeh R, Afsharnezhad M, Foroutan Kalurazi A, Shahangian SS, Aghamaali MR, Aminzadeh S. Identification, heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a novel cellulase-free xylanase B from the thermophilic bacterium Cohnella sp.A01. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Han Z, Shang-Guan F, Yang J. Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of a Bimodular Xylanase From Marinifilaceae Bacterium Strain SPP2. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1507. [PMID: 31312196 PMCID: PMC6614494 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the first xylantic enzyme from the family Marinifilaceae, XynSPP2, was identified from Marinifilaceae bacterium strain SPP2. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that XynSPP2 is a rare Fn3-fused xylanase, consisting of a signal peptide, a fibronectin type-III domain (Fn3), and a C-terminal catalytic domain belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10). The catalytic domain shared 17–46% identities to those of biochemically characterized GH10 xylanases. Structural analysis revealed that the conserved asparagine and glutamine at the glycone −2/−3 subsite of GH10 xylanases are substituted by a tryptophan and a serine, respectively, in XynSPP2. Full-length XynSPP2 and its Fn3-deleted variant (XynSPP2ΔFn3) were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. The optimum temperature and pH for both recombinant enzymes were 50°C and 6, respectively. The enzymes were stable under alkaline condition and at temperature lower than 50°C. With beechwood xylan as the substrate, XynSPP2 showed 2.8 times the catalytic efficiency of XynSPP2ΔFn3, indicating that the Fn3 module promotes xylanase activity. XynSPP2 was active toward xylooligosaccharides (XOSs) longer than xylotriose. Such a substrate preference can be explained by the unique −2/−3 subsite composition in the enzyme which provides new insight into subsite interaction within the GH10 family. XynSPP2 hydrolyzed beechwood xylan into small XOSs (xylotriose and xylotetraose as major products). No monosaccharide was detected by thin-layer chromatography which may be ascribed to putative transxylosylation activity of XynSPP2. Preferring long XOS substrate and lack of monosaccharide production suggest its potential in probiotic XOS manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggang Han
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Shang-Guan
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangke Yang
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Characterizing a Halo-Tolerant GH10 Xylanase from Roseithermus sacchariphilus Strain RA and Its CBM-Truncated Variant. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092284. [PMID: 31075847 PMCID: PMC6539836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A halo-thermophilic bacterium, Roseithermus sacchariphilus strain RA (previously known as Rhodothermaceae bacterium RA), was isolated from a hot spring in Langkawi, Malaysia. A complete genome analysis showed that the bacterium harbors 57 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), including a multi-domain xylanase (XynRA2). The full-length XynRA2 of 813 amino acids comprises a family 4_9 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM4_9), a family 10 glycoside hydrolase catalytic domain (GH10), and a C-terminal domain (CTD) for type IX secretion system (T9SS). This study aims to describe the biochemical properties of XynRA2 and the effects of CBM truncation on this xylanase. XynRA2 and its CBM-truncated variant (XynRA2ΔCBM) was expressed, purified, and characterized. The purified XynRA2 and XynRA2ΔCBM had an identical optimum temperature at 70 °C, but different optimum pHs of 8.5 and 6.0 respectively. Furthermore, XynRA2 retained 94% and 71% of activity at 4.0 M and 5.0 M NaCl respectively, whereas XynRA2ΔCBM showed a lower activity (79% and 54%). XynRA2 exhibited a turnover rate (kcat) of 24.8 s−1, but this was reduced by 40% for XynRA2ΔCBM. Both the xylanases hydrolyzed beechwood xylan predominantly into xylobiose, and oat-spelt xylan into a mixture of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOs). Collectively, this work suggested CBM4_9 of XynRA2 has a role in enzyme performance.
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Mamo G. Alkaline Active Hemicellulases. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 172:245-291. [PMID: 31372682 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Xylan and mannan are the two most abundant hemicelluloses, and enzymes that modify these polysaccharides are prominent hemicellulases with immense biotechnological importance. Among these enzymes, xylanases and mannanases which play the vital role in the hydrolysis of xylan and mannan, respectively, attracted a great deal of interest. These hemicellulases have got applications in food, feed, bioethanol, pulp and paper, chemical, and beverage producing industries as well as in biorefineries and environmental biotechnology. The great majority of the enzymes used in these applications are optimally active in mildly acidic to neutral range. However, in recent years, alkaline active enzymes have also become increasingly important. This is mainly due to some benefits of utilizing alkaline active hemicellulases over that of neutral or acid active enzymes. One of the advantages is that the alkaline active enzymes are most suitable to applications that require high pH such as Kraft pulp delignification, detergent formulation, and cotton bioscouring. The other benefit is related to the better solubility of hemicelluloses at high pH. Since the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis is often positively correlated to substrate solubility, the hydrolysis of hemicelluloses can be more efficient if performed at high pH. High pH hydrolysis requires the use of alkaline active enzymes. Moreover, alkaline extraction is the most common hemicellulose extraction method, and direct hydrolysis of the alkali-extracted hemicellulose could be of great interest in the valorization of hemicellulose. Direct hydrolysis avoids the time-consuming extensive washing, and neutralization processes required if non-alkaline active enzymes are opted to be used. Furthermore, most alkaline active enzymes are relatively active in a wide range of pH, and at least some of them are significantly or even optimally active in slightly acidic to neutral pH range. Such enzymes can be eligible for non-alkaline applications such as in feed, food, and beverage industries.This chapter largely focuses on the most important alkaline active hemicellulases, endo-β-1,4-xylanases and β-mannanases. It summarizes the relevant catalytic properties, structural features, as well as the real and potential applications of these remarkable hemicellulases in textile, paper and pulp, detergent, feed, food, and prebiotic producing industries. In addition, the chapter depicts the role of these extremozymes in valorization of hemicelluloses to platform chemicals and alike in biorefineries. It also reviews hemicelluloses and discusses their biotechnological importance.
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Effect of CBM1 and linker region on enzymatic properties of a novel thermostable dimeric GH10 xylanase (Xyn10A) from filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus Z5. AMB Express 2018; 8:44. [PMID: 29564574 PMCID: PMC5862715 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylanase with a high thermostability will satisfy the needs of raising the temperature of hydrolysis to improve the rheology of the broth in industry of biomass conversion. In this study, a xylanase gene (xyn10A), predicted to encode a hydrolase domain of GH10, a linker region and a CBM1 domain, was cloned from a superior lignocellulose degrading strain Aspergillus fumigatus Z5 and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris X33. Xyn10A has a specific xylanase activity of 34.4 U mg−1, and is optimally active at 90 °C and pH 6.0. Xyn10A shows quite stable at pHs ranging from 3.0 to 11.0, and keeps over 40% of xylanase activity after incubation at 70 °C for 1 h. Removal of CBM1 domain has a slight negative effect on its thermostability, but the further cleavage of linker region significantly decreased its stability at high temperature. The transfer of CBM1 and linker region to another GH10 xylanase can help to increase the thermostability. In addition, hydrolase domains between the two Xyn10A proteins naturally formed a dimer structure, which became more thermostable after removing the CBM1 or/and linker region. This thermostable Xyn10A is a suitable candidate for the highly efficient fungal enzyme cocktails for biomass conversion.
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Sakai K, Kimoto S, Shinzawa Y, Minezawa M, Suzuki K, Jindou S, Kato M, Shimizu M. Characterization of pH-tolerant and thermostable GH 134 β-1,4-mannanase SsGH134 possessing carbohydrate binding module 10 from Streptomyces sp. NRRL B-24484. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 125:287-294. [PMID: 29153955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A GH 134 β-1,4-mannanase SsGH134 from Streptomyces sp. NRRL B-24484 possesses a carbohydrate binding module (CBM) 10 and a glycoside hydrolase 134 domain at the N- and C-terminal regions, respectively. Recombinant SsGH134 expressed in Escherichia coli. SsGH134 was maximally active within a pH range of 4.0-6.5 and retained >80% of this maximum after 90 min at 30°C within a pH range of 3.0-10.0. The β-1,4-mannanase activity of SsGH134 towards glucomannan was 30% of the maximal activity after an incubation at 100°C for 120 min, indicating that SsGH134 is pH-tolerant and thermostable β-1,4-mannanase. SsGH134, SsGH134-ΔCBM10 (CBM10-linker-truncated SsGH134) and SsGH134-G34W (substitution of Gly34 to Trp) bound to microcrystalline cellulose, β-mannan and chitin, regardless of the presence or absence of CBM10. These indicate that GH 134 domain strongly bind to the polysaccharides. Although deleting CBM10 increased the catalytic efficiency of the β-1,4-mannanase, its disruption decreased the pH, solvent and detergent stability of SsGH134. These findings indicate that CBM10 inhibits the β-1,4-mannanase activity of SsGH134, but it is involved in stabilizing its enzymatic activity within a neutral-to-alkaline pH range, and in the presence of various organic solvents and detergents. We believe that SsGH134 could be useful to a diverse range of industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyota Sakai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
| | - Saran Kimoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
| | - Yuta Shinzawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
| | - Miho Minezawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
| | - Sadanari Jindou
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Culture Education, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
| | - Masashi Kato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Shimizu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan.
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Tajwar R, Shahid S, Zafar R, Akhtar MW. Impact of orientation of carbohydrate binding modules family 22 and 6 on the catalytic activity of Thermotoga maritima xylanase XynB. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 106:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Miki A, Inaba S, Maruno T, Kobayashi Y, Oda M. Tryptophan introduction can change β-glucan binding ability of the carbohydrate-binding module of endo-1,3-β-glucanase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:951-957. [PMID: 28388361 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1285687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Endo-1,3-β-glucanase from Cellulosimicrobium cellulans DK-1 has a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM-DK) at the C-terminal side of a catalytic domain. Out of the imperfect tandem α-, β-, and γ-repeats in CBM-DK, the α-repeat primarily contributes to β-glucan binding. This unique feature is derived from Trp273 in α-repeat, whose corresponding residues in β- and γ-repeats are Asp314 and Gly358, respectively. In this study, we generated Trp-switched mutants, W273A/D314W, D270A/W273A/D314W, W273A/G358W, and D270A/W273A/G358W, and analyzed their binding abilities toward laminarioligosaccharides and laminarin. While the binding affinities of D270A/W273A and W273A mutants were either lost or much lower than that of the wild-type, those of Trp-switched mutants recovered, indicating that a Trp introduction in β- or γ-repeat can substitute the α-repeat by primarily contributing to β-glucan binding. Thus, we have successfully engineered a CBM-DK that binds to laminarin by a mechanism different from that of the wild-type, but with similar affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Miki
- a Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Satomi Inaba
- a Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruno
- b Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Suita , Japan
| | - Yuji Kobayashi
- b Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Suita , Japan
| | - Masayuki Oda
- a Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Kyoto , Japan
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Sanjivkumar M, Silambarasan T, Palavesam A, Immanuel G. Biosynthesis, purification and characterization of β-1,4-xylanase from a novel mangrove associated actinobacterium Streptomyces olivaceus (MSU3) and its applications. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 130:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Bai W, Xue Y, Zhou C, Ma Y. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel alkali-tolerant xylanase from alkaliphilicBacillussp. SN5. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 62:208-17. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Bai
- National Engineering Lab for Industrial Enzymes, Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Lab for Industrial Enzymes; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science; Shanxi Normal University; Linfen People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfen Xue
- National Engineering Lab for Industrial Enzymes, Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- National Engineering Lab for Industrial Enzymes, Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- National Engineering Lab for Industrial Enzymes, Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
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A C-terminal proline-rich sequence simultaneously broadens the optimal temperature and pH ranges and improves the catalytic efficiency of glycosyl hydrolase family 10 ruminal xylanases. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:3426-32. [PMID: 24657866 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00016-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient degradation of plant polysaccharides in rumen requires xylanolytic enzymes with a high catalytic capacity. In this study, a full-length xylanase gene (xynA) was retrieved from the sheep rumen. The deduced XynA sequence contains a putative signal peptide, a catalytic motif of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10), and an extra C-terminal proline-rich sequence without a homolog. To determine its function, both mature XynA and its C terminus-truncated mutant, XynA-Tr, were expressed in Escherichia coli. The C-terminal oligopeptide had significant effects on the function and structure of XynA. Compared with XynA-Tr, XynA exhibited improved specific activity (12-fold) and catalytic efficiency (14-fold), a higher temperature optimum (50°C versus 45°C), and broader ranges of temperature and pH optima (pH 5.0 to 7.5 and 40 to 60°C versus pH 5.5 to 6.5 and 40 to 50°C). Moreover, XynA released more xylose than XynA-Tr when using beech wood xylan and wheat arabinoxylan as the substrate. The underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes were analyzed by substrate binding assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis. XynA had no ability to bind to any of the tested soluble and insoluble polysaccharides. However, it contained more α helices and had a greater affinity and catalytic efficiency toward xylooligosaccharides, which benefited complete substrate degradation. Similar results were obtained when the C-terminal sequence was fused to another GH10 xylanase from sheep rumen. This study reveals an engineering strategy to improve the catalytic performance of enzymes.
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High secretory production of an alkaliphilic actinomycete xylanase and functional roles of some important residues. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:2053-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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He J, Su L, Sun X, Fu J, Chen J, Wu J. A novel xylanase from Streptomyces sp. FA1: Purification, characterization, identification, and heterologous expression. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Lu H, Luo H, Shi P, Huang H, Meng K, Yang P, Yao B. A novel thermophilic endo-β-1,4-mannanase from Aspergillus nidulans XZ3: functional roles of carbohydrate-binding module and Thr/Ser-rich linker region. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:2155-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Zheng J, Guo N, Wu L, Tian J, Zhou H. Characterization and constitutive expression of a novel endo-1,4-β-D-xylanohydrolase from Aspergillus niger in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:1433-40. [PMID: 23690032 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A putative endo-1,4-β-D-xylanohydrolase gene xyl10 from Aspergillus niger, encoding a 308-residue mature xylanase belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 10, was constitutively expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant Xyl10 exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 60 °C with more than 50 % of the maximum activity from 40 to 70 °C. It retained more than 90 % of the original activity after incubation at 60 °C (pH 5.0) for 30 min and more than 74 % after incubation at pH 3.0-13.0 for 2 h (25 °C). The specific activity, K m and V max values for purified Xyl10 were, respectively, 3.2 × 10(3) U mg(-1), 3.6 mg ml(-1) and 5.4 × 10(3) μmol min(-1 )mg(-1) towards beechwood xylan. The enzyme degraded xylan to a series of xylooligosaccharides and xylose. The recombinant enzyme with these properties has the potential for various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zheng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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Yuan P, Meng K, Shi P, Luo H, Huang H, Tu T, Yang P, Yao B. An alkaline-active and alkali-stable pectate lyase from Streptomyces sp. S27 with potential in textile industry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:909-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A pectate lyase gene (pl-str) was cloned from Streptomyces sp. S27 and expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta. The full-length pl-str consists of 972 bp and encodes for a protein of 323 amino acids without signal peptide that belongs to family PF00544. The recombinant enzyme (r-PL-STR) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity using Ni2+–NTA chromatography and showed apparent molecular mass of ~35 kDa. The pH optimum of r-PL-STR was found to be 10.0, and it exhibited >70% of the maximal activity at pH 12.0. After incubation at 37°C for 1 h without substrate, the enzyme retained more than 55% activity at pH 7.0–12.0. Compared with the commercial complex enzyme Scourzyme@301L from Novozymes, purified r-PL-STR showed similar efficacy in reducing the intrinsic viscosity of polygalacturonic acid (49.0 vs. 49.7%). When combined with cellulase and α-amylase, r-PL-STR had comparable performance in bioscouring of jute fabric (22.39 vs. 22.99%). Thus, r-PL-STR might represent a good candidate for use in alkaline industries such as textile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuan
- grid.410727.7 0000000105261937 Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street 100081 Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Meng
- grid.410727.7 0000000105261937 Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street 100081 Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Shi
- grid.410727.7 0000000105261937 Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street 100081 Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiying Luo
- grid.410727.7 0000000105261937 Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street 100081 Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- grid.410727.7 0000000105261937 Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street 100081 Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Tu
- grid.410727.7 0000000105261937 Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street 100081 Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Peilong Yang
- grid.410727.7 0000000105261937 Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street 100081 Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Yao
- grid.410727.7 0000000105261937 Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street 100081 Beijing People’s Republic of China
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Deesukon W, Nishimura Y, Sakamoto T, Sukhumsirichart W. Purification, Characterization of GH11 Endo-β-1,4-xylanase from Thermotolerant Streptomyces sp. SWU10 and Overexpression in Pichia pastoris KM71H. Mol Biotechnol 2012; 54:37-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Critical roles of Asp270 and Trp273 in the α-repeat of the carbohydrate-binding module of endo-1,3-β-glucanase for laminarin-binding avidity. Glycoconj J 2011; 29:77-85. [PMID: 22198269 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-011-9366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A carbohydrate-binding module from family 13 (CBM13), appended to the catalytic domain of endo-1,3-β-glucanase from Cellulosimicrobium cellulans, was overexpressed in E. coli, and its interactions with β-glucans, laminarin and laminarioligosaccharides, were analyzed using surface plasmon resonance biosensor and isothermal titration calorimetry. The association constants for laminarin and laminarioligosaccharides were determined to be approximately 10(6) M(-1) and 10(4) M(-1), respectively, indicating that 2 or 3 binding sites in the α-, β-, and γ-repeats of CBM13 are involved in laminarin binding in a cooperative manner. The binding avidity is approximately 2-orders higher than the monovalent binding affinity. Mutational analysis of the conserved Asp residues in the respective repeats showed that the α-repeat primarily contributes to β-glucan binding. A Trp residue is predicted to be exposed to the solvent only in the α-repeat and would contribute to β-glucan binding. The α-repeat bound β-glucan with an affinity of approximately 10(4) M(-1), and the other repeats additionally bound laminarin, resulting in the increased binding avidity. This binding is unique compared to the recognition mode of another CBM13 from Streptomyces lividans xylanase.
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Zhao J, Shi P, Huang H, Li Z, Yuan T, Yang P, Luo H, Bai Y, Yao B. A novel thermoacidophilic and thermostable endo-β-1,4-glucanase from Phialophora sp. G5: its thermostability influenced by a distinct β-sheet and the carbohydrate-binding module. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 95:947-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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30
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Molecular characterization of endo-1,3-β-glucanase from Cellulosimicrobium cellulans: Effects of carbohydrate-binding module on enzymatic function and stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:1713-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Purification, characterization and gene cloning of two forms of a thermostable endo-xylanase from Streptomyces sp. SWU10. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Guo G, Liu Z, Xu J, Liu J, Dai X, Xie D, Peng K, Feng X, Duan S, Zheng K, Cheng L, Fu Y. Purification and characterization of a xylanase from Bacillus subtilis isolated from the degumming line. J Basic Microbiol 2011; 52:419-28. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Shi P, Qiu Z, Bai Y, Yuan T, Huang H, Pan X, Yang P, Zhang W, Yao B. A new xylanase from Streptomyces megasporus DSM 41476 with high yield of xylobiose. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:687-92. [PMID: 22806864 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A new xylanase gene, xynBM4, was cloned from Streptomyces megasporus DSM 41476 and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The full-length gene consists of 1,443 bp and encodes 480 amino acids including a putative 49-residue signal peptide. The deduced amino acid sequence of xynBM4 shows the highest identity of 66.3% to the xylanase Xys1L from Streptomyces halstedii JM8. The purified recombinant XYNBM4 had a high specific activity of 350.7 U mg(-1) towards soluble wheat arabinoxylan, exhibited optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 57°C, showed broad pH adaptability (>75% of the maximum activity at pH 2.5-9.0), was resistant to neutral proteases and most chemicals, and produced simple products. The hydrolysis products of birchwood xylan and corncob xylan were predominantly xylobiose (76.9 and 90.8%, respectively) and no xylose. These characteristics suggest that XYNBM4 has potential in various applications, especially in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjun Shi
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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Production and characterization of two N-terminal truncated esterases from Thermus thermophilus HB27 in a mesophilic yeast: Effect of N-terminus in thermal activity and stability. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 78:120-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Post-translational processing of modular xylanases from Streptomyces is dependent on the carbohydrate-binding module. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 38:1419-26. [PMID: 21181427 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Xylanases are very often modular enzymes composed of one or more catalytic domains and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) connected by a flexible linker region. Usually, when these proteins are processed they lose their carbohydrate-binding capacity. Here, the role of the linker regions and cellulose- or xylan-binding domains in the processing of Xys1L from Streptomyces halstedii JM8 and Xyl30L from Streptomyces avermitilis UAH30 was studied. Xys1 variants with different linker lengths were tested, these being unable to avoid protein processing. Moreover, several fusion proteins between the Xys1 and Xyl30 domains were obtained and their proteolytic stability was studied. We demonstrate that CBM processing takes place even in the complete absence of the linker sequence. We also show that the specific carbohydrate module determines this cleavage in the proteins studied.
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Zhou J, Shi P, Zhang R, Huang H, Meng K, Yang P, Yao B. Symbiotic Streptomyces sp. TN119 GH 11 xylanase: a new pH-stable, protease- and SDS-resistant xylanase. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 38:523-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A novel xylanase, XynA4-2, from thermoacidophilic Alicyclobacillus sp. A4 with potential applications in the brewing industry. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bai Y, Wang J, Zhang Z, Shi P, Luo H, Huang H, Luo C, Yao B. Expression of an extremely acidic beta-1,4-glucanase from thermoacidophilic Alicyclobacillus sp. A4 in Pichia pastoris is improved by truncating the gene sequence. Microb Cell Fact 2010; 9:33. [PMID: 20465851 PMCID: PMC2880286 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-9-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alicyclobacillus sp. A4 is thermoacidophilic and produces many glycoside hydrolases. An extremely acidic beta-1,4-glucanase (CelA4) has been isolated from Alicyclobacillus sp. A4 and purified. This glucanase with a molecular mass of 48.6 kDa decreases the viscosity of barley-soybean feed under simulated gastric conditions. Therefore, it has the potential to improve the nutrient bioavailability of pig feed. For the study reported herein, the full-length gene, CelA4, of this glucanase (CelA4) was identified using the sequences of six peptides and cloned from strain A4. The gene fragment (CelA4F) encoding the mature protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris. Sequence truncation and glycosylation were found for recombinant CelA4F, both of which affected the expression efficiency. The physical properties of various forms of CelA4 as they affected enzymatic activity were characterized. RESULTS We located the full-length 2,148-bp gene for CelA4 (CelA4) in the genome of Alicyclobacillus sp. A4. CelA4 encodes a 715-residue polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 71.64 kDa, including an N-terminal signal peptide (residues 1-39), a catalytic domain (residues 39-497), and a C-terminal threonine-rich region (residues 498-715). Its deduced amino acid sequence and that of an Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius endo-beta-1,4-glucanase were identical at 44% of the residue positions. When the experimental molecular mass of CelA4F--a recombinant protein designed to mimic the CelA4 sequence lacking the N-terminal signal peptide that had been expressed in Pichia pastoris--was compared with its hypothetical molecular mass, it was apparent that CelA4F was truncated, possibly at residue 497. An artificially truncated gene fragment (CelA4T) without C-terminal threonine-rich region was expressed in P. pastoris, and the expression efficiency of CelA4T was substantially greater than that of CelA4F. Purified CelA4F and CelA4T had similar molecular masses (~60 kDa) and enzymatic properties (optimum pH, 3.4; optimum temperature, 60 degrees C); they were relatively stable between pH 1.2 and 8.2 at 70 degrees C and resistant to acidic and neutral proteases. However, their molecular masses and thermostabilities differed from those of CelA4 isolated from Alicyclobacillus sp. A4. A deglycosylated form of CelA4 (CelA4D) had properties similar to that of CelA4 except that it was thermoliable at 60 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS Truncation during expression of CelA4F or artificial truncation of its gene--both of which produced a form of CelA4 lacking a threonine-rich region that includes a putative linker--increased the level of enzyme produced in comparison with that produced by cultivation of Alicyclobacillus sp. A4. Glycosylation increased the thermostability of CelA4. Of the four forms of CelA4 studied, CelA4T was produced in highest yield and had the most favorable physical properties; therefore, it has potential for use in the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingguo Bai
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Qiu Z, Shi P, Luo H, Bai Y, Yuan T, Yang P, Liu S, Yao B. A xylanase with broad pH and temperature adaptability from Streptomyces megasporus DSM 41476, and its potential application in brewing industry. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010; 46:506-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wang J, Zhang WW, Liu JN, Cao YL, Bai XT, Gong YS, Cen PL, Yang MM. An alkali-tolerant xylanase produced by the newly isolated alkaliphilic Bacillus pumilus from paper mill effluent. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:3297-302. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A new xylanase from thermoacidophilic Alicyclobacillus sp. A4 with broad-range pH activity and pH stability. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 37:187-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cloning, characterization, and antifungal activity of an endo-1,3-β-d-glucanase from Streptomyces sp. S27. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:1483-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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