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Ji CH, Je HW, Kim H, Kang HS. Promoter engineering of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters in actinomycetes: concepts and applications. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:672-699. [PMID: 38259139 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00049d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Covering 2011 to 2022Low titers of natural products in laboratory culture or fermentation conditions have been one of the challenging issues in natural products research. Many natural product biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are also transcriptionally silent in laboratory culture conditions, making it challenging to characterize the structures and activities of their metabolites. Promoter engineering offers a potential solution to this problem by providing tools for transcriptional activation or optimization of biosynthetic genes. In this review, we summarize the 10 years of progress in promoter engineering approaches in natural products research focusing on the most metabolically talented group of bacteria actinomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hun Ji
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Woo Je
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hiyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hahk-Soo Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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2
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Song C, Ma J, Li G, Pan H, Zhu Y, Jin Q, Cai Y, Han B. Natural Composition and Biosynthetic Pathways of Alkaloids in Medicinal Dendrobium Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:850949. [PMID: 35599884 PMCID: PMC9121007 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium is the second biggest genus in the Orchidaceae family, some of which have both ornamental and therapeutic values. Alkaloids are a group of active chemicals found in Dendrobium plants. Dendrobine has emerged specific pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Although Dendrobium alkaloids have been isolated and identified since the 1930s, the composition of alkaloids and their biosynthesis pathways, including metabolic intermediates, alkaloid transporters, concrete genes involved in downstream pathways, and associated gene clusters, have remained unresolved scientific issues. This paper comprehensively reviews currently identified and tentative alkaloids from the aspect of biogenic pathways or metabolic genes uncovered based on the genome annotations. The biosynthesis pathways of each class of alkaloids are highlighted. Moreover, advances of the high-throughput sequencing technologies in the discovery of Dendrobium alkaloid pathways have been addressed. Applications of synthetic biology in large-scale production of alkaloids are also described. This would serve as the basis for further investigation into Dendrobium alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Song
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Jingbo Ma
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Guohui Li
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Haoyu Pan
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Yanfang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Qing Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Jin,
| | - Yongping Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Yongping Cai,
| | - Bangxing Han
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Bangxing Han,
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3
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Wu QB, Zhang XY, Chen XA, Li YQ. Improvement of FK506 production via metabolic engineering-guided combinational strategies in Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:166. [PMID: 34425854 PMCID: PMC8383387 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background FK506, a macrolide mainly with immunosuppressive activity, can be produced by various Streptomyces strains. However, one of the major challenges in the fermentation of FK506 is its insufficient production, resulting in high fermentation costs and environmental burdens. Herein, we tried to improve its production via metabolic engineering-guided combinational strategies in Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Results First, basing on the genome sequencing and analysis, putative competitive pathways were deleted. A better parental strain L19-2 with increased FK506 production from 140.3 to 170.3 mg/L and a cleaner metabolic background was constructed. Subsequently, the FK506 biosynthetic gene cluster was refactored by in-situ promoter-substitution strategy basing on the regulatory circuits. This strategy enhanced transcription levels of the entire FK506 biosynthetic gene cluster in a fine-tuning manner and dramatically increased the FK506 production to 410.3 mg/mL, 1.41-fold higher than the parental strain L19-2 (170.3 mg/L). Finally, the FK506 production was further increased from 410.3 to 603 mg/L in shake-flask culture by adding L-isoleucine at a final concentration of 6 g/L. Moreover, the potential of FK506 production capacity was also evaluated in a 15-L fermenter, resulting in the FK506 production of 830.3 mg/L. Conclusion From the aspects of competitive pathways, refactoring of the FK506 biosynthetic gene cluster and nutrients-addition, a strategy for hyper-production and potentially industrial application of FK506 was developed and a hyper-production strain L19-9 was constructed. The strategy presented here can be generally applicable to other Streptomyces for improvement of FK506 production and streamline hyper-production of other valuable secondary metabolites. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01660-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bin Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin-Ai Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yong-Quan Li
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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4
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Böhringer N, Patras MA, Schäberle TF. Heterologous Expression of Pseudouridimycin and Description of the Corresponding Minimal Biosynthetic Gene Cluster. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020510. [PMID: 33478059 PMCID: PMC7835738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudouridimycin (PUM) was recently discovered from Streptomyces sp. DSM26212 as a novel bacterial nucleoside analog that competes with UTP for access to the RNA polymerase (RNAP) active site, thereby inhibiting bacterial RNAP by blocking transcription. This represents a novel antibacterial mode of action and it is known that PUM inhibits bacterial RNAP in vitro, inhibits bacterial growth in vitro, and was active in vivo in a mouse infection model of Streptococcus pyogenes peritonitis. The biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) was previously identified and characterized by knockout experiments. However, the minimal set of genes necessary for PUM production was not proposed. To identify the minimal BGC and to create a plug-and-play production platform for PUM and its biosynthetic precursors, several versions of a redesigned PUM BGC were generated and expressed in the heterologous host Streptomyces coelicolor M1146 under control of strong promotors. Heterologous expression allowed identification of the putative serine/threonine kinase PumF as an enzyme essential for heterologous PUM production and thus corroboration of the PUM minimal BGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Böhringer
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Maria A. Patras
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch for Bioresources, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Till F. Schäberle
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch for Bioresources, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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5
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Myronovskyi M, Luzhetskyy A. Heterologous production of small molecules in the optimized Streptomyces hosts. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1281-1294. [PMID: 31453623 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00023b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Time span of literature covered: 2010-2018The genome mining of streptomycetes has revealed their great biosynthetic potential to produce novel natural products. One of the most promising exploitation routes of this biosynthetic potential is the refactoring and heterologous expression of corresponding biosynthetic gene clusters in a panel of specifically selected and optimized chassis strains. This article will review selected recent reports on heterologous production of natural products in streptomycetes. In the first part, the importance of heterologous production for drug discovery will be discussed. In the second part, the review will discuss recently developed genetic control elements (such as promoters, ribosome binding sites, terminators) and their application to achieve successful heterologous expression of biosynthetic gene clusters. Finally, the most widely used Streptomyces hosts for heterologous expression of biosynthetic gene clusters will be compared in detail. The article will be of interest to natural product chemists, molecular biologists, pharmacists and all individuals working in the natural products drug discovery field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andriy Luzhetskyy
- Saarland University, Department Pharmacy, Saarbrücken, Germany and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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6
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Generation of a cluster-free Streptomyces albus chassis strains for improved heterologous expression of secondary metabolite clusters. Metab Eng 2018; 49:316-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Fu J, Zong G, Zhang P, Zhao Z, Ma J, Pang X, Cao G. XdhR negatively regulates actinorhodin biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor M145. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:4563580. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiafang Fu
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Jingshi Road 18877, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Gongli Zong
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Jingshi Road 18877, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhilong Zhao
- School of Phaemacy, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Junxia Ma
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Jingshi Road 18877, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuhua Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guangxiang Cao
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Jingshi Road 18877, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
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Zhu C, Xiao F, Qiu Y, Wang Q, He Z, Chen S. Lichenysin production is improved in codY null Bacillus licheniformis by addition of precursor amino acids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6375-6383. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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9
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Koepff J, Keller M, Tsolis KC, Busche T, Rückert C, Hamed MB, Anné J, Kalinowski J, Wiechert W, Economou A, Oldiges M. Fast and reliable strain characterization of Streptomyces lividans
through micro-scale cultivation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2011-2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Koepff
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences; IBG-1: Biotechnology; Leo-Brandt-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Matthias Keller
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences; IBG-1: Biotechnology; Leo-Brandt-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Konstantinos C. Tsolis
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven-University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Tobias Busche
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
| | - Christian Rückert
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
| | - Mohamed B. Hamed
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven-University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biology Department; The National Research Centre, Dokki; Giza Egypt
| | - Jozef Anné
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven-University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Joern Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wiechert
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences; IBG-1: Biotechnology; Leo-Brandt-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Anastassios Economou
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven-University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Marco Oldiges
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences; IBG-1: Biotechnology; Leo-Brandt-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology; RWTH Aachen University; Worringer Weg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
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10
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Basitta P, Westrich L, Rösch M, Kulik A, Gust B, Apel AK. AGOS: A Plug-and-Play Method for the Assembly of Artificial Gene Operons into Functional Biosynthetic Gene Clusters. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:817-825. [PMID: 28182401 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The generation of novel secondary metabolites by reengineering or refactoring biochemical pathways is a rewarding but also challenging goal of synthetic biology. For this, the development of tools for the reconstruction of secondary metabolite gene clusters as well as the challenge of understanding the obstacles in this process is of great interest. The artificial gene operon assembly system (AGOS) is a plug-and-play method developed as a tool to consecutively assemble artificial gene operons into a destination vector and subsequently express them under the control of a de-repressed promoter in a Streptomyces host strain. AGOS was designed as a set of entry plasmids for the construction of artificial gene operons and a SuperCos1 based destination vector, into which the constructed operons can be assembled by Red/ET-mediated recombination. To provide a proof-of-concept of this method, we disassembled the well-known novobiocin biosynthetic gene cluster into four gene operons, encoding for the different moieties of novobiocin. We then genetically reorganized these gene operons with the help of AGOS to finally obtain the complete novobiocin gene cluster again. The production of novobiocin precursors and of novobiocin could successfully be detected by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the omission of terminator sequences only had a minor impact on product formation in our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Basitta
- Pharmaceutical
Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Lucia Westrich
- Pharmaceutical
Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Manuela Rösch
- Pharmaceutical
Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | | | - Bertolt Gust
- Pharmaceutical
Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Alexander Kristian Apel
- Pharmaceutical
Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Bilyk
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research; Actinobacteria Metabolic Engineering Group; Universitätscampus E8 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Andriy Luzhetskyy
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research; Actinobacteria Metabolic Engineering Group; Universitätscampus E8 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- University of Saarland; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; UdS Campus C2.366123 Saarbrücken Germany
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12
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Abstract
Bacterial genomes encode the biosynthetic potential to produce hundreds of thousands of complex molecules with diverse applications, from medicine to agriculture and materials. Accessing these natural products promises to reinvigorate drug discovery pipelines and provide novel routes to synthesize complex chemicals. The pathways leading to the production of these molecules often comprise dozens of genes spanning large areas of the genome and are controlled by complex regulatory networks with some of the most interesting molecules being produced by non-model organisms. In this Review, we discuss how advances in synthetic biology--including novel DNA construction technologies, the use of genetic parts for the precise control of expression and for synthetic regulatory circuits--and multiplexed genome engineering can be used to optimize the design and synthesis of pathways that produce natural products.
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13
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Bekiesch P, Basitta P, Apel AK. Challenges in the Heterologous Production of Antibiotics inStreptomyces. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:594-601. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Bekiesch
- Pharmaceutical Biology; Pharmaceutical Institute; Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF); Partner Site Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Patrick Basitta
- Pharmaceutical Biology; Pharmaceutical Institute; Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF); Partner Site Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Alexander K. Apel
- Pharmaceutical Biology; Pharmaceutical Institute; Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF); Partner Site Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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14
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Genetic regulation and manipulation for natural product discovery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:2953-65. [PMID: 26860941 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are an important source of modern medical development, e.g., antibiotics, anticancers, immune modulators, etc. and will continue to be a powerful driving force for the discovery of novel potential drugs. In the heterologous hosts, natural products are biosynthesized using dedicated metabolic networks. By gene engineering, pathway reconstructing, and enzyme engineering, metabolic networks can be modified to synthesize novel compounds containing enhanced structural feature or produce a large quantity of known valuable bioactive compounds. The review introduces some important technical platforms and relevant examples of genetic regulation and manipulation to improve natural product titers or drive novel secondary metabolite discoveries.
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15
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DNA affinity capturing identifies new regulators of the heterologously expressed novobiocin gene cluster in Streptomyces coelicolor M512. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4495-509. [PMID: 26795961 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of a heterologously expressed gene cluster in a host organism is crucial for activation of silent gene clusters or overproduction of the corresponding natural product. In this study, Streptomyces coelicolor M512(nov-BG1) containing the novobiocin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces niveus NCIMB 11891 was chosen as a model. An improved DNA affinity capturing assay (DACA), combined with semi-quantitative mass spectrometry, was used to identify proteins binding to the promoter regions of the novobiocin gene cluster. Altogether, 2475 proteins were identified in DACA studies with the promoter regions of the pathway-specific regulators novE (PnovE) and novG (PnovG), of the biosynthetic genes novH-W (PnovH) and of the vegetative σ-factor hrdB (PhrdB) as a negative control. A restrictive classification for specific binding reduced this number to 17 proteins. Twelve of them were captured by PnovH, among them, NovG, two were captured by PnovE, and three by PnovG. Unexpectedly some well-known regulatory proteins, such as the global regulators NdgR, AdpA, SlbR, and WhiA were captured in similar intensities by all four tested promoter regions. Of the 17 promoter-specific proteins, three were studied in more detail by deletion mutagenesis and by overexpression. Two of them, BxlRSc and BxlR2Sc, could be identified as positive regulators of novobiocin production in S. coelicolor M512. Deletion of a third gene, sco0460, resulted in reduced novobiocin production, while overexpression had no effect. Furthermore, binding of BxlRSc to PnovH and to its own promoter region was confirmed via surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy.
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16
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Myronovskyi M, Luzhetskyy A. Native and engineered promoters in natural product discovery. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1006-19. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional activation of biosynthetic gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Myronovskyi
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - Andriy Luzhetskyy
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Saarland University
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17
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Luo Y, Zhang L, Barton KW, Zhao H. Systematic Identification of a Panel of Strong Constitutive Promoters from Streptomyces albus. ACS Synth Biol 2015; 4:1001-10. [PMID: 25924180 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Actinomycetes are important organisms for the biosynthesis of valuable natural products. However, only a limited number of well-characterized native constitutive promoters from actinomycetes are available for the construction and engineering of large biochemical pathways. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of 32 candidate promoters identified from Streptomyces albus J1074 by RNA-seq analysis. These 32 promoters were cloned and characterized using a streptomycete reporter gene, xylE, encoding catechol 2,3-dioxygenase. The strengths of the identified strong promoters varied from 200 to 1300% of the strength of the well-known ermE*p in MYG medium, and the strongest of these promoters was by far the strongest actinomycete promoter ever reported in the literature. To further confirm the strengths of these promoters, qPCR was employed to determine the transcriptional levels of the xylE reporter. In total, 10 strong promoters were identified and four constitutive promoters were characterized via a time-course study. These promoters were used in a plug-and-play platform to activate a cryptic gene cluster from Streptomyces griseus, and successful activation of the target pathway was observed in three widely used Streptomyces strains. Therefore, these promoters should be highly useful in current synthetic biology platforms for activation and characterization of silent natural product biosynthetic pathways as well as the optimization of pathways for the synthesis of important natural products in actinomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzi Luo
- Institute
for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States,
| | | | | | - Huimin Zhao
- Institute
for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States,
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18
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Genetic manipulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis for improved production in Streptomyces and other actinomycetes. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 43:343-70. [PMID: 26364200 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Actinomycetes continue to be important sources for the discovery of secondary metabolites for applications in human medicine, animal health, and crop protection. With the maturation of actinomycete genome mining as a robust approach to identify new and novel cryptic secondary metabolite gene clusters, it is critical to continue developing methods to activate and enhance secondary metabolite biosynthesis for discovery, development, and large-scale manufacturing. This review covers recent reports on promising new approaches and further validations or technical improvements of existing approaches to strain improvement applicable to a wide range of Streptomyces species and other actinomycetes.
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Flinspach K, Kapitzke C, Tocchetti A, Sosio M, Apel AK. Heterologous expression of the thiopeptide antibiotic GE2270 from Planobispora rosea ATCC 53733 in Streptomyces coelicolor requires deletion of ribosomal genes from the expression construct. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90499. [PMID: 24598591 PMCID: PMC3943966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
GE2270 is a thiopeptide antibiotic generated by extensive posttranslational modifications of a ribosomally generated precursor peptide. Thiopeptides are especially active against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this study the GE2270 biosynthetic gene cluster (pbt) from Planobispora rosea ATCC 53733 was successfully expressed in the heterologous host strain Streptomyces coelicolor M1146. Notably, exconjugants containing the pbt gene cluster could only be obtained after deletion of the major part of the ribosomal genes flanking the gene cluster. This is a striking example that genes belonging to primary metabolism can prevent the successful conjugative transfer of DNA from phylogenetic distant species and thus complicate heterologous expression of secondary metabolite gene clusters. GE2270 production in the heterologous producer strain increased after introduction of the constitutive ermE* promoter upstream of the GE2270 resistance gene tuf from P. rosea. Insertion of the inducible tcp830 promoter resulted in inducible GE2270 production. When the regulatory gene pbtR was deleted, the resulting strain ceased to produce GE2270, suggesting an essential role of PbtR as a putative transcriptional activator of GE2270 expression.
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MESH Headings
- Actinomycetales/genetics
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/pharmacology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cosmids/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
- Genes, Bacterial
- Molecular Typing
- Multigene Family
- Peptides, Cyclic/biosynthesis
- Peptides, Cyclic/genetics
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Phylogeny
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Streptomyces coelicolor/drug effects
- Streptomyces coelicolor/genetics
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Transcriptional Activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Flinspach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Kapitzke
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Alexander K. Apel
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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20
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Rebets Y, Brötz E, Tokovenko B, Luzhetskyy A. Actinomycetes biosynthetic potential: how to bridge in silico and in vivo? J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 41:387-402. [PMID: 24127068 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Actinomycetes genome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses revealed a large number of "cryptic" gene clusters coding for secondary metabolism. These gene clusters have the potential to increase the chemical diversity of natural products. Indeed, reexamination of well-characterized actinomycetes strains revealed a variety of hidden treasures. Growing information about this metabolic diversity has promoted further development of strategies to discover novel biologically active compounds produced by actinomycetes. This new task for actinomycetes genetics requires the development and use of new approaches and tools. Application of synthetic biology approaches led to the development of a set of strategies and tools to satisfy these new requirements. In this review, we discuss strategies and methods to discover small molecules produced by these fascinating bacteria and also discuss a variety of genetic instruments and regulatory elements used to activate secondary metabolism cryptic genes for the overproduction of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Rebets
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Campus, Building C2.3, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
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21
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Siegl T, Tokovenko B, Myronovskyi M, Luzhetskyy A. Design, construction and characterisation of a synthetic promoter library for fine-tuned gene expression in actinomycetes. Metab Eng 2013; 19:98-106. [PMID: 23876413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We developed a synthetic promoter library for actinomycetes based on the -10 and -35 consensus sequences of the constitutive and widely used ermEp1 promoter. The sequences located upstream, in between and downstream of these consensus sequences were randomised using degenerate primers and cloned into an integrative plasmid upstream of the gusA reporter gene. Using this system, we created promoters with strengths ranging from 2% to 319% compared with ermEp1. The strongest synthetic promoter was used in a proof-of-principle approach to achieve the overexpression of a natural type III polyketide synthase. We observed high correlation between the number of gusA reporter gene RNA-Seq reads and the GusA reporter protein activity, indicating that GusA is indeed a transcription-level reporter system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Siegl
- Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Stefan-Meier-st. 19, Freiburg 79104, Germany
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22
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Ongley SE, Bian X, Neilan BA, Müller R. Recent advances in the heterologous expression of microbial natural product biosynthetic pathways. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:1121-38. [PMID: 23832108 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70034h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heterologous expression of microbial natural product biosynthetic pathways coupled with advanced DNA engineering enables optimisation of product yields, functional elucidation of cryptic gene clusters, and generation of novel derivatives. This review summarises the recent advances in cloning and maintenance of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters for heterologous expression and the efforts fundamental for discovering novel natural products in the post-genomics era, with a focus on polyketide synthases (PKSs) and non-ribosomal polypeptide synthetases (NRPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Ongley
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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23
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Genome engineering in actinomycetes using site-specific recombinases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:4701-12. [PMID: 23584280 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The rational modification of the actinomycetes genomes has a variety of applications in research, medicine, and biotechnology. The use of site-specific recombinases allows generation of multiple mutations, large DNA deletions, integrations, and inversions and may lead to significant progress in all of these fields. Despite their huge potential, site-specific recombinase-based technologies have primarily been used for simple marker removal from a chromosome. In this review, we summarise the site-specific recombination approaches for genome engineering in various actinomycetes.
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Frasch HJ, Medema MH, Takano E, Breitling R. Design-based re-engineering of biosynthetic gene clusters: plug-and-play in practice. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24:1144-50. [PMID: 23540422 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic biology is revolutionizing the way in which the biosphere is explored for natural products. Through computational genome mining, thousands of biosynthetic gene clusters are being identified in microbial genomes, which constitute a rich source of potential novel pharmaceuticals. New methods are currently being devised to prioritize these gene clusters in terms of their potential for yielding biochemical novelty. High-potential gene clusters from any biological source can then be activated by 'refactoring' their native regulatory machinery, replacing it by synthetic, orthogonal regulation and optimizing enzyme expression to function effectively in an industry-compatible target host. Various part libraries and assembly technologies have recently been developed which facilitate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jörg Frasch
- Department of Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Improvement of gougerotin and nikkomycin production by engineering their biosynthetic gene clusters. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:6383-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Liu G, Chater KF, Chandra G, Niu G, Tan H. Molecular regulation of antibiotic biosynthesis in streptomyces. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2013; 77:112-43. [PMID: 23471619 PMCID: PMC3591988 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00054-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomycetes are the most abundant source of antibiotics. Typically, each species produces several antibiotics, with the profile being species specific. Streptomyces coelicolor, the model species, produces at least five different antibiotics. We review the regulation of antibiotic biosynthesis in S. coelicolor and other, nonmodel streptomycetes in the light of recent studies. The biosynthesis of each antibiotic is specified by a large gene cluster, usually including regulatory genes (cluster-situated regulators [CSRs]). These are the main point of connection with a plethora of generally conserved regulatory systems that monitor the organism's physiology, developmental state, population density, and environment to determine the onset and level of production of each antibiotic. Some CSRs may also be sensitive to the levels of different kinds of ligands, including products of the pathway itself, products of other antibiotic pathways in the same organism, and specialized regulatory small molecules such as gamma-butyrolactones. These interactions can result in self-reinforcing feed-forward circuitry and complex cross talk between pathways. The physiological signals and regulatory mechanisms may be of practical importance for the activation of the many cryptic secondary metabolic gene cluster pathways revealed by recent sequencing of numerous Streptomyces genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keith F. Chater
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Govind Chandra
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
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27
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Sohoni SV, Bapat PM, Lantz AE. Robust, small-scale cultivation platform for Streptomyces coelicolor. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:9. [PMID: 22252012 PMCID: PMC3292921 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For fermentation process and strain improvement, where one wants to screen a large number of conditions and strains, robust and scalable high-throughput cultivation systems are crucial. Often, the time lag between bench-scale cultivations to production largely depends on approximate estimation of scalable physiological traits. Microtiter plate (MTP) based screening platforms have lately become an attractive alternative to shake flasks mainly because of the ease of automation. However, there are very few reports on applications for filamentous organisms; as well as efforts towards systematic validation of physiological behavior compared to larger scale are sparse. Moreover, available small-scale screening approaches are typically constrained by evaluating only an end point snapshot of phenotypes. RESULTS To address these issues, we devised a robust, small-scale cultivation platform in the form of MTPs (24-square deepwell) for the filamentous bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor and compared its performance to that of shake flasks and bench-scale reactors. We observed that re-designing of medium and inoculum preparation recipes resulted in improved reproducibility. Process turnaround time was significantly reduced due to the reduction in number of unit operations from inoculum to cultivation. The incorporation of glass beads (ø 3 mm) in MTPs not only improved the process performance in terms of improved oxygen transfer improving secondary metabolite production, but also helped to transform morphology from pellet to disperse, resulting in enhanced reproducibility. Addition of MOPS into the medium resulted in pH maintenance above 6.50, a crucial parameter towards reproducibility. Moreover, the entire trajectory of the process was analyzed for compatibility with bench-scale reactors. The MTP cultivations were found to behave similar to bench-scale in terms of growth rate, productivity and substrate uptake rate and so was the onset of antibiotic synthesis. Shake flask cultivations however, showed discrepancy with respect to morphology and had considerably reduced volumetric production rates of antibiotics. CONCLUSION We observed good agreement of the physiological data obtained in the developed MTP platform with bench-scale. Hence, the described MTP-based screening platform has a high potential for investigation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Streptomycetes and other filamentous bacteria and the use may significantly reduce the workload and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Vijay Sohoni
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 223, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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Saleh O, Bonitz T, Flinspach K, Kulik A, Burkard N, Mühlenweg A, Vente A, Polnick S, Lämmerhofer M, Gust B, Fiedler HP, Heide L. Activation of a silent phenazine biosynthetic gene cluster reveals a novel natural product and a new resistance mechanism against phenazines. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20045g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang H, Boghigian BA, Armando J, Pfeifer BA. Methods and options for the heterologous production of complex natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:125-51. [PMID: 21060956 PMCID: PMC9896020 DOI: 10.1039/c0np00037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review will detail the motivations, experimental approaches, and growing list of successful cases associated with the heterologous production of complex natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Science & Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Actinomycete bacteria of the genus Streptomyces are major producers of bioactive compounds for the biotechnology industry. They are the source of most clinically used antibiotics, as well as of several widely used drugs against common diseases, including cancer . Genome sequencing has revealed that the potential of Streptomyces species for the production of valuable secondary metabolites is even larger than previously realized. Accessing this rich genomic resource to discover new compounds by activating "cryptic" pathways is an interesting challenge for synthetic biology. This approach is facilitated by the inherent natural modularity of secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways, at the level of individual enzymes (such as modular polyketide synthases), but also of gene cassettes/operons and entire biosynthetic gene clusters. It also benefits from a long tradition of molecular biology in Streptomyces, which provides a number of specific tools, ranging from cloning vectors to inducible promoters and translational control elements. In this chapter, we first provide an overview of the synthetic biology challenges in Streptomyces and then present the existing toolbox of molecular methods that can be employed in this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnix H Medema
- Department of Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Flinspach K, Westrich L, Kaysser L, Siebenberg S, Gomez-Escribano JP, Bibb M, Gust B, Heide L. Heterologous expression of the biosynthetic gene clusters of coumermycin A1, clorobiocin and caprazamycins in genetically modified Streptomyces coelicolor strains. Biopolymers 2010; 93:823-32. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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