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Tolerability to non-endosomal, micron-scale cell penetration probed with magnetic particles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112123. [PMID: 34571468 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The capability of HeLa cells to internalize large spherical microparticles has been evaluated by using inorganic, magnetic microparticles of 1 and 2.8 µm of diameter. In both absence but especially under the action of a magnet, both types of particles were uptaken, in absence of cytotoxicity, by a significant percentage of cells, in a non-endosomal process clearly favored by the magnetic field. The engulfed particles efficiently drive inside the cells chemically associated proteins such as GFP and human alpha-galactosidase A, without any apparent loss of protein functionalities. While 1 µm particles are completely engulfed, at least a fraction of 2.8 µm particles remain embedded into the cell membrane, with only a fraction of their surface in cytoplasmic contact. The detected tolerance to endosomal-independent cell penetration of microscale objects is not then restricted to organic, soft materials (such as bacterial inclusion bodies) as previously described, but it is a more general phenomenon also applicable to inorganic materials. In this scenario, the use of magnetic particles in combination with external magnetic fields can represent a significant improvement in the internalization efficiency of such agents optimized as drug carriers. This fact offers a wide potential in the design and engineering of novel particulate vehicles for therapeutic, diagnostic and theragnostic applications.
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Kim S, Kwon K, Cha J, Yoo S, Han MS, Tae G, Kwon I. Pluronic-Based Nanocarrier Platform Encapsulating Two Enzymes for Cascade Reactions. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:5126-5135. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seoungkyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoon Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Cha
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Han
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Giyoong Tae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Inchan Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Xue S, Li J, Zhou L, Gao J, Liu G, Ma L, He Y, Jiang Y. Simple Purification and Immobilization of His-Tagged Organophosphohydrolase from Cell Culture Supernatant by Metal Organic Frameworks for Degradation of Organophosphorus Pesticides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13518-13525. [PMID: 31757125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coordinating unsaturated metal sites (CUS) on the surface of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) could be used to adsorb His-tagged proteins. The specific adsorption between CUS and His-tagged proteins could reduce preparation steps, shorten preparation time, and could also avoid the binding between the metal ion of metalloenzyme active center and the chelating agent to ensure the enzyme activity. In this study, MIL-88A was synthesized by hydrothermal method and used to purify and immobilize His-tagged organophosphohydrolase (OpdA) in one step for organophosphate bioremediation. Under optimized conditions, OpdA@MIL-88A had a maximal activity of 1554 U/gprotein, which was nearly 5 times higher than free OpdA. Compared with free OpdA, OpdA@MIL-88A exhibited improved organic solvent tolerance, SDS tolerance, thermal stability, and storage stability. OpdA@MIL-88A was used to degrade organophosphorus pesticides on grapes and cucumbers. After reuse 6 times, OpdA@MIL-88A retained more than 66% and 61% of the initial activity, respectively. Therefore, this proposed strategy provided a facile and effective method for degradation of organophosphorus pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiguang Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Hebei University of Technology , 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District , Tianjin , 300130 , P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Hebei University of Technology , 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District , Tianjin , 300130 , P. R. China
| | - Liya Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Hebei University of Technology , 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District , Tianjin , 300130 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Hebei University of Technology , 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District , Tianjin , 300130 , P. R. China
| | - Guanhua Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Hebei University of Technology , 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District , Tianjin , 300130 , P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Hebei University of Technology , 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District , Tianjin , 300130 , P. R. China
| | - Ying He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Hebei University of Technology , 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District , Tianjin , 300130 , P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Hebei University of Technology , 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District , Tianjin , 300130 , P. R. China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , P. R. China
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Ragab S, El Nemr A. Nanofiber cellulose di- and tri-acetate using ferric chloride as a catalyst promoting highly efficient synthesis under microwave irradiation. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2017.1387741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Ragab
- Marine Pollution Department, Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Marine Pollution Department, Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
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Nanomaterials as novel supports for the immobilization of amylolytic enzymes and their applications: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/boca-2017-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNumerous types of nanoparticles and nanocomposites have successfully been employed for the immobilization and stabilization of amylolytic enzymes; α-amylases, β-amylases, glucoamylases and pullulanases. Nano-support immobilized amylolytic enzymes retained very high activity and yield of immobilization. The immobilization of these enzymes, particularly α-amylases and pullulanases, to the nanosupports is helpful in minimizing the problem of steric hindrances during binding of substrate to the active site of the enzyme. The majority of nano-support immobilized amylolytic enzymes exhibited very high resistance to inactivation induced by different kinds of physical and chemical denaturants and these immobilized enzyme preparations maintained very high activity on their repeated and continuous uses. Amylolytic enzymes immobilized on nano-supports have successfully been applied in food, fuel, textile, paper and pulp, detergent, environmental, medical, and analytical fields.
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Biocide immobilized OMMT-carbon dot reduced Cu2O nanohybrid/hyperbranched epoxy nanocomposites: Mechanical, thermal, antimicrobial and optical properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 56:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Yeroslavsky G, Girshevitz O, Foster-Frey J, Donovan DM, Rahimipour S. Antibacterial and antibiofilm surfaces through polydopamine-assisted immobilization of lysostaphin as an antibacterial enzyme. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:1064-1073. [PMID: 25547537 DOI: 10.1021/la503911m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and the colonization of bacteria on surfaces, often as biofilms, prolong hospitalization periods, increase mortality, and are thus major concerns for health care providers. There is an urgent need for antimicrobial and antibiofilm surface treatments that are permanent, can eradicate both biofilms and planktonic pathogens over long periods of time, and do not select for resistant strains. In this study, we have demonstrated a simple, robust, and biocompatible method that utilizes the adhesive property of polydopamine (PDA) to covalently attach the antimicrobial enzyme lysostaphin (Lst) to a variety of surfaces to generate antibacterial and antibiofilm interfaces. The immobilization of the recombinant Lst onto PDA-coated surfaces was carried out under physiological conditions, most probably through the C-terminal His6-tag fragment of the enzyme, minimizing the losses of bioagent activity. The modified surfaces were extensively characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and peak force quantitative nanomechanical mapping (PeakForce QNM) AFM-based method, and the presence of Lst on the surfaces was further confirmed immunochemically using anti-Lst antibody. We also found that, in contrast to the physically adsorbed Lst, the covalently attached Lst does not leach from the surfaces and maintains its endopeptidase activity to degrade the staphylococcal cell wall, avoiding most intracellular bacterial resistance mechanisms. Moreover, the Lst-coated surfaces kill hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus in less than 15 min and prevent biofilm formation. This immobilization method should be applicable also to other proteins and enzymes that are recombinantly expressed to include the His6-tag fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Yeroslavsky
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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Konwarh R, Shail M, Medhi T, Mandal M, Karak N. Sonication assisted assemblage of exotic polymer supported nanostructured bio-hybrid system and prospective application. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:634-642. [PMID: 24210814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work was focused on sonication mediated immobilization of porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) onto poly(ethylene glycol) supported silver-iron oxide hybrid nanoparticles (PEG-Ag/IONPs). Selected process parameters of sonication were optimized using response surface methodology. Sonication assisted assemblage of spherical PEG-Ag/IONPs and consequent evolution of nanorods post PPL immobilization were documented. The efficacy of the reported immobilization strategy was attested by the increased thermostability, storage stability and enhanced activity of the biocatalyst, suggestive of plausible structural modulations post immobilization. The commercial prospect of the antibacterial and magnetically recyclable system was vouched by its excellent compatibility with some commercial detergents for oil de-staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocktotpal Konwarh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784 028 , Assam, India
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Immobilization of amyloglucosidase from SSF of Aspergillus niger by crosslinked enzyme aggregate onto magnetic nanoparticles using minimum amount of carrier and characterizations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Chen P, Li YP, Wang SW, Meng XL, Zhu M, Wang JY. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Dual-responsive Amphiphilic Block Copolymers and Drug Release Studies. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.6.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Barua S, Konwarh R, Bhattacharya SS, Das P, Devi KSP, Maiti TK, Mandal M, Karak N. Non-hazardous anticancerous and antibacterial colloidal ‘green’ silver nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 105:37-42. [PMID: 23352940 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Konwarh R, Karak N, Misra M. Electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers: the present status and gamut of biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:421-37. [PMID: 23318668 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose acetate (CA) has been a material of choice for spectrum of utilities across different domains ranging from high absorbing diapers to membrane filters. Electrospinning has conferred a whole new perspective to polymeric materials including CA in the context of multifarious applications across myriad of niches. In the present review, we try to bring out the recent trend (focused over last five years' progress) of research on electrospun CA fibers of nanoscale regime in the context of developmental strategies of their blends and nanocomposites for advanced applications. In the realm of biotechnology, electrospun CA fibers have found applications in biomolecule immobilization, tissue engineering, bio-sensing, nutraceutical delivery, bioseparation, crop protection, bioremediation and in the development of anti-counterfeiting and pH sensitive material, photocatalytic self-cleaning textile, temperature-adaptable fabric, and antimicrobial mats, amongst others. The present review discusses these diverse applications of electrospun CA nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocktotpal Konwarh
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, ON, Canada N1G2W1
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Netto CG, Toma HE, Andrade LH. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles as versatile carriers and supporting materials for enzymes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Goh WJ, Makam VS, Hu J, Kang L, Zheng M, Yoong SL, Udalagama CNB, Pastorin G. Iron oxide filled magnetic carbon nanotube-enzyme conjugates for recycling of amyloglucosidase: toward useful applications in biofuel production process. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:16864-73. [PMID: 23148719 DOI: 10.1021/la303046m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Biofuels are fast advancing as a new research area to provide alternative sources of sustainable and clean energy. Recent advances in nanotechnology have sought to improve the efficiency of biofuel production, enhancing energy security. In this study, we have incorporated iron oxide nanoparticles into single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to produce magnetic single-walled carbon nanotubes (mSWCNTs). Our objective is to bridge both nanotechnology and biofuel production by immobilizing the enzyme, Amyloglucosidase (AMG), onto mSWCNTs using physical adsorption and covalent immobilization, with the aim of recycling the immobilized enzyme, toward useful applications in biofuel production processes. We have demonstrated that the enzyme retains a certain percentage of its catalytic efficiency (up to 40%) in starch prototype biomass hydrolysis when used repeatedly (up to ten cycles) after immobilization on mSWCNTs, since the nanotubes can be easily separated from the reaction mixture using a simple magnet. The enzyme loading, activity, and structural changes after immobilization onto mSWCNTs were also studied. In addition, we have demonstrated that the immobilized enzyme retains its activity when stored at 4 °C for at least one month. These results, combined with the unique intrinsic properties of the nanotubes, pave the way for greater efficiency in carbon nanotube-enzyme bioreactors and reduced capital costs in industrial enzyme systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang Goh
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, S15#05-PI-03, Singapore 117543
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Hegedüs I, Hancsók J, Nagy E. Stabilization of the Cellulase Enzyme Complex as Enzyme Nanoparticle. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:1372-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Enzymatic characterization of highly stable human alpha-galactosidase A displayed on magnetic particles. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bayramoglu G, Altintas B, Arica MY. Immobilization of glucoamylase onto polyaniline-grafted magnetic hydrogel via adsorption and adsorption/cross-linking. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:1149-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Konwarh R, Pramanik S, Kalita D, Mahanta CL, Karak N. Ultrasonication--a complementary 'green chemistry' tool to biocatalysis: a laboratory-scale study of lycopene extraction. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2012; 19:292-299. [PMID: 21862376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Revised: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene is bequeathed with multiple bio-protective roles, primarily attributed to its unique molecular structure. The concomitant exploitation of two of the green chemistry tools viz., sonication and biocatalysis is reported here for the laboratory scale extraction of lycopene from tomato peel. The coupled system improved the extraction by 662%, 225% and 150% times over the unaided, only cellulase 'Onozuka R-10' treated and only sonication treated samples respectively. The sonication parameters (duration, cycle and amplitude) during the coupled operation were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Derivative UV-visible spectra (i.e., dA/dλ and d(2)A/dλ(2) against λ), FTIR analysis, and DPPH scavenging test suggested that the reported extraction protocol did not affect the molecular structure and bioactivity of the extracted lycopene. The influence of sonication on the probable structural modulation (through UV-visible spectral analysis) and activity of the enzyme were also analyzed. A plausible mechanism is proposed for the enhanced extraction achieved via the coupled system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocktotpal Konwarh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur-784028, Assam, India
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Konwarh R, Pramanik S, Devi KSP, Saikia N, Boruah R, Maiti TK, Chandra Deka R, Karak N. Lycopene coupled ‘trifoliate’ polyaniline nanofibers as multi-functional biomaterial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32530f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nanotube-supported bioproduction of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone via in situ cofactor regeneration. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 94:1233-41. [PMID: 22116631 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide cofactor-dependent oxidoreductases have been widely employed during the bioproduction of varieties of useful compounds. Efficient cofactor regeneration is often required for these biotransformation reactions. Herein, we report the synthesis of an important pharmaceutical intermediate 4-hydroxy-2-butanone (4H2B) via an immobilized in situ cofactor regeneration system composed of NAD(+)-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase (GlyDH) and NAD(+)-regenerating NADH oxidase (nox). Both enzymes were immobilized on functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) through the specific interaction between the His-tagged enzymes and the modified SWCNTs. GlyDH demonstrated ca. 100% native enzyme activity after immobilization. The GlyDH/nox ratio, pH, and amount of nicotinamide cofactor were examined to establish the optimum reaction conditions for 4H2B production. The nanoparticle-supported cofactor regeneration system become more stable and the yield of 4H2B turned out to be almost twice (37%) that of the free enzyme system after a 12-h reaction. Thus, we believe that this non-covalent specific immobilization procedure can be applied to cofactor regeneration system for bioconversions.
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Konwarh R, Gogoi B, Philip R, Laskar M, Karak N. Biomimetic preparation of polymer-supported free radical scavenging, cytocompatible and antimicrobial “green” silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Citrus sinensis peel. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 84:338-45. [PMID: 21316933 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lee SY, Lee S, Kho IH, Lee JH, Kim JH, Chang JH. Enzyme–magnetic nanoparticle conjugates as a rigid biocatalyst for the elimination of toxic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9989-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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