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Lee S, Kim YH, Min J. The potential of Rhodobacter sphaeroides extract as an alternative supplement for cell culture systems. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0245623. [PMID: 38319116 PMCID: PMC10913442 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02456-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
It is essential to identify suitable supplements that enhance cell growth, viability, and functional development in cell culture systems. The use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) has been common, but it has limitations, such as batch-to-batch variability, ethical concerns, and risks of environmental contamination. In this study, we explore the potential of Rhodobacter sphaeroides extract, derived from a probiotic photosynthetic bacterium, as an alternative supplement. Our results demonstrate that the extract from R. sphaeroides significantly improves various aspects of cell behavior compared to serum-free conditions. It enhances cell growth and viability to a greater extent than FBS supplementation. Additionally, the extract alleviates oxidative stress by reducing intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and stimulates lysosomal activity, contributing to cellular processes. The presence of abundant amino acids, glycine and arginine, in the extract may play a role in promoting cell growth. These findings emphasize the potential of R. sphaeroides extract as a valuable supplement for cell culture, offering advantages over the use of FBS.IMPORTANCEThe choice of supplements for cell culture is crucial in biomedical research, but the widely used fetal bovine serum (FBS) has limitations in terms of variability, ethics, and environmental risks. This study explores the potential of an extract from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, a probiotic bacterium, as an alternative supplement. The findings reveal that the R. sphaeroides extract surpasses FBS in enhancing cell growth, viability, and functionality. It also mitigates oxidative stress and stimulates lysosomal activity, critical for cellular health. The extract's abundance of glycine and arginine, amino acids with known growth-promoting effects, further highlights its potential. By providing a viable substitute for FBS, the R. sphaeroides extract addresses the need for consistent, ethical, and environmentally friendly cell culture supplements. This research paves the way for sustainable and reliable cell culture systems, revolutionizing biomedical research and applications in drug development and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Lee
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jiho Min
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
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Jo MH, Kim YT, Park SJ. Dieckol Inhibits Autophagic Flux and Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in A375 Human Melanoma Cells via Lysosomal Dysfunction and Mitochondrial Membrane Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214149. [PMID: 36430634 PMCID: PMC9696613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dieckol is a natural brown algal-derived polyphenol and its cytotoxic potential against various types of cancer cells has been studied. However, the effects of dieckol on autophagy in cancer cells remain unknown. Here, we show that dieckol inhibits the growth of A375 human melanoma cells by inducing apoptotic cell death, which is associated with lysosomal dysfunction and the inhibition of autophagic flux. Dieckol induces autophagosome accumulation by inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Moreover, dieckol not only triggers lysosomal membrane permeabilization, followed by an increase in lysosomal pH and the inactivation of cathepsin B and D, but also causes the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Importantly, a cathepsin D inhibitor partially relieved dieckol-induced mitochondrial membrane impairment and caspase-mediated apoptosis. Collectively, our findings indicate that dieckol is a novel autophagy inhibitor that induces apoptosis-mediated cell death via lysosomal dysfunction and mitochondrial membrane impairment in A375 human melanoma cells. This suggests the novel potential value of dieckol as a chemotherapeutic drug candidate for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-T.K.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Sun Joo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-T.K.); (S.J.P.)
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Melanin decolorization by lysosome-related extract in Saccharomyces cerevisiae modified to overproduce glutathione peroxidase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8715-8725. [PMID: 34724081 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
All eukaryotes have lysosomes that contain hydrolytic enzymes, such as protease, that degrade waste materials and cellular fragments. As a cellular organelle, lysosomes function as the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself. In a previous study, melanin compounds were bleached using lysosome-related organelle extract (LOE) in which glutathione peroxidase (GPX) contributed decisively to melanin decolorization. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered to overproduce GPX, which increases the melanin color reduction activity of LOE. In addition, the peroxidase activity of the recombinant yeast was measured for each compartment. In spite of the modification to overexpress the GPX protein, with the peroxidase activity of the lysosome fraction specifically higher, the overall peroxidase activity of the cells remained constant. The overexpression of GPX2 among the GPX present in S. cerevisiae increased both the melanin-decolorization activity and the peroxidase activity of LOE. These results indicate that the peroxidase activity is related to the melanin decomposition and antioxidant enzymes such as GPX. In an artificial skin tissue test, the LOE extracted from the recombinant yeast was efficient in reducing the melanin. These results confirmed the enzyme's ability to penetrate corneous tissue, and they suggest the possibility of further development as a new whitening cosmetic. KEY POINTS: • Modification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to overexpress glutathione peroxidase (GPX). • The lysosome fraction of the recombinant strain enhanced the decolorizing function. • The LOE penetrates the skin barrier and works effectively on artificial skin tissue.
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Intracellular protein delivery using QRPL - A vacuolar targeting signal on carboxypeptidase Y. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 149:109848. [PMID: 34311885 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The signal peptide sequence is known to increase transport efficiency to organelles in eukaryotic cells. In this study, we focus on the signal peptide of the vacuolar protein for vacuolar targeting. The signal peptide sequence QRPL of carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) was inserted inside the interest protein that does not locate in the vacuole for vacuolar targeting. We constructed recombinant strains MBTL-Q-DJ1 and MBTL-Q-DJ2 containing QRPL and green florescent protein (GFP) or aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 (ALD6), respectively. The protein location was then confirmed by confocal microscopy. Fascinatingly, the green fluorescent protein that contains QRPL inside the sequence could be expressed faster than its natural form (within 1 h after induction). Also, the aldehyde removal activity of ALD6 protein in the recombinant yeast was then analyzed by measuring the luminescent intensity in Vibrio fischeri. We confirmed that MBTL-Q-DJ2 containing ALD6 protein has the aldehydes-reducing ability, and in particular, the highest efficiency showed at 500 μg/μL of vacuolar enzyme. In summary, the signal peptide QRPL could be used not only to transport proteins accurately to vacuole but also to improve the protein activity and shorten the induction time.
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Park DJ, Choi W, Bang SH, Kim SY, Wee JH, Kim YH, Min J. Vacuolar targeting of aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 tagging with signal peptide of proteinase A. J Basic Microbiol 2020; 60:341-350. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong J. Park
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering; Jeonbuk National University; Deokjin-Gu Jeonju Jeonbuk South Korea
| | - Wooil Choi
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering; Jeonbuk National University; Deokjin-Gu Jeonju Jeonbuk South Korea
| | - Seung H. Bang
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering; Jeonbuk National University; Deokjin-Gu Jeonju Jeonbuk South Korea
| | - Sang Y. Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; Shin Ansan University; Danwon-Gu Ansan South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyang Wee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; Shin Ansan University; Danwon-Gu Ansan South Korea
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences; Chungbuk National University; Seowon-Gu Cheongju South Korea
| | - Jiho Min
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering; Jeonbuk National University; Deokjin-Gu Jeonju Jeonbuk South Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering; Jeonbuk National University; Deokjin-Gu Jeonju Jeonbuk South Korea
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Effect of heavy metals, pesticides and pharmaceuticals on yeast’s vacuoles as a biomarker for toxic detection. Mol Cell Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-017-0032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Effect of acid trehalase (ATH) on impaired yeast vacuolar activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 93-94:44-50. [PMID: 27702484 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, this protein was overexpressed in yeast cells grown on trehalose-containing medium to assess its impact on yeast vacuolar activity. ATH was confirmed to be located in both cell surface and vacuoles and the overexpression of ATH was observed to decrease vacuolar activity. Therefore, an assumption was suggested to explain this phenomenon as follows: when grown on containing trehalose medium, the ATH localization at cellular periplasm, but not the vacuole, is prioritized to utilize the extracellular trehalose for cell growth. The multivesicular body pathway (MVB pathway) via which ATH is transported into vacuoles is believed to be down-regulated to favor the accumulation of ATH at cell surface area. By extension, other vacuolar proteins travelling through MVB pathway to reach yeast vacuoles likely also suffer the down regulation. It can be concluded that acid trehalase may contribute down regulation of other vacuolar proteins through MVB pathway. This study suggests that it is a potential of acid trehalase (ATH) on impaired activity of yeast vacuolar.
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Enhanced lysosomal activity by overexpressed aminopeptidase Y in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 417:181-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Effect of GTP-binding protein (YPT1 protein) on the enhanced yeast vacuolar activity. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 414:179-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yoon J, Kim YH, Ahn JY, Lee HC, Oh SJ, Chung BW, Min J. Melanin reduction by peroxidase activity in lysosome-related organelle extracts from hen egg whites, HeLa cells, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-015-0047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nguyen NT, Kim YH, Bang SH, Hong JH, Kwon SD, Min J. Toxic detection in mine water based on proteomic analysis of lysosomal enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:e2014019. [PMID: 25384384 PMCID: PMC4243728 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2014019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lysosome is the cell-organelle which is commonly used as biomonitoring tool in environmental pollution. In this study, the lysosomal proteomic of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was analyzed for utilization in the detection of toxic substances in mine water samples. METHODS This work informs the expression of lysosomal proteomic in yeast in response with toxic chemicals, such as sodium meta-arsenite and tetracycline, for screening specific biomarkers. After that, a recombinant yeast contained this biomarker were constructed for toxic detection in pure toxic chemicals and mine water samples. RESULTS Each chemical had an optimal dose at which the fluorescent protein intensity reached the peak. In the case of water samples, the yeast showed the response with sample 1, 3, 4, and 5; whereas there is no response with sample 2, 6, and 7. CONCLUSIONS The recombinant yeast showed a high ability of toxic detection in response with several chemicals such as heavy metals and pharmaceuticals. In the case of mine water samples, the response varied depending on the sample content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Tu Nguyen
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung Hyuck Bang
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Hong
- Mine Reclamation Corporation, Coal Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jiho Min
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Zhou J, Tan SH, Nicolas V, Bauvy C, Yang ND, Zhang J, Xue Y, Codogno P, Shen HM. Activation of lysosomal function in the course of autophagy via mTORC1 suppression and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Cell Res 2013; 23:508-23. [PMID: 23337583 PMCID: PMC3616426 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2013.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosome is a key subcellular organelle in the execution of the autophagic process and at present little is known whether lysosomal function is controlled in the process of autophagy. In this study, we first found that suppression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity by starvation or two mTOR catalytic inhibitors (PP242 and Torin1), but not by an allosteric inhibitor (rapamycin), leads to activation of lysosomal function. Second, we provided evidence that activation of lysosomal function is associated with the suppression of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), but not mTORC2, and the mTORC1 localization to lysosomes is not directly correlated to its regulatory role in lysosomal function. Third, we examined the involvement of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and demonstrated that TFEB activation following mTORC1 suppression is necessary but not sufficient for lysosomal activation. Finally, Atg5 or Atg7 deletion or blockage of the autophagosome-lysosome fusion process effectively diminished lysosomal activation, suggesting that lysosomal activation occurring in the course of autophagy is dependent on autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Taken together, this study demonstrates that in the course of autophagy, lysosomal function is upregulated via a dual mechanism involving mTORC1 suppression and autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Shi-Hao Tan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Valérie Nicolas
- Microscopy Facility-IFR-141-IPSIT, rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
- University Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Chantal Bauvy
- University Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
- INSERM U984, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nai-Di Yang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Yuan Xue
- Reed College, Portland, OR 97202, USA
| | - Patrice Codogno
- University Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
- INSERM U984, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
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Lee HJ, Park JY, Yoo KS, Yoon J, Kim YH, Min J. Activity and characterization of mixed organic compounds extracted from Rhodobacter sphaeroides as alternative materials to serum for mammalian cell growth. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:9561-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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