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Anyaogu DC, Hansen AH, Hoof JB, Majewska NI, Contesini FJ, Paul JT, Nielsen KF, Hobley TJ, Yang S, Zhang H, Betenbaugh M, Mortensen UH. Glycoengineering of Aspergillus nidulans to produce precursors for humanized N-glycan structures. Metab Eng 2021; 67:153-163. [PMID: 34174425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi secrete protein with a very high efficiency, and this potential can be exploited advantageously to produce therapeutic proteins at low costs. A significant barrier to this goal is posed by the fact that fungal N-glycosylation varies substantially from that of humans. Inappropriate N-glycosylation of therapeutics results in reduced product quality, including poor efficacy, decreased serum half-life, and undesirable immune reactions. One solution to this problem is to reprogram the glycosylation pathway of filamentous fungi to decorate proteins with glycans that match, or can be remodeled into, those that are accepted by humans. In yeast, deletion of ALG3 leads to the accumulation of Man5GlcNAc2 glycan structures that can act as a precursor for remodeling. However, in Aspergilli, deletion of the ALG3 homolog algC leads to an N-glycan pool where the majority of the structures contain more hexose residues than the Man3-5GlcNAc2 species that can serve as substrates for humanized glycan structures. Hence, additional strain optimization is required. In this report, we have used gene deletions in combination with enzymatic and chemical glycan treatments to investigate N-glycosylation in the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans. In vitro analyses showed that only some of the N-glycan structures produced by a mutant A. nidulans strain, which is devoid of any of the known ER mannose transferases, can be trimmed into desirable Man3GlcNAc2 glycan structures, as substantial amounts of glycan structures appear to be capped by glucose residues. In agreement with this view, deletion of the ALG6 homolog algF, which encodes the putative α-1,3- glucosyltransferase that adds the first glucose residue to the growing ER glycan structure, dramatically reduces the amounts of Hex6-7HexNAc2 structures. Similarly, these structures are also sensitive to overexpression of the genes encoding the heterodimeric α-glucosidase II complex. Without the glucose caps, a new set of large N-glycan structures was formed. Formation of this set is mostly, perhaps entirely, due to mannosylation, as overexpression of the gene encoding mannosidase activity led to their elimination. Based on our new insights into the N-glycan processing in A. nidulans, an A. nidulans mutant strain was constructed in which more than 70% of the glycoforms appear to be Man3-5GlcNAc2 species, which may serve as precursors for further engineering in order to create more complex human-like N-glycan structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Chinyere Anyaogu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Holmgaard Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 220, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob Blæsbjerg Hoof
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Natalia I Majewska
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Fabiano Jares Contesini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jackson T Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Kristian Fog Nielsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Timothy John Hobley
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 222, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Michael Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Uffe Hasbro Mortensen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Enzymatic Synthesis of 6'-Sialyllactose, a Dominant Sialylated Human Milk Oligosaccharide, by a Novel exo-α-Sialidase from Bacteroides fragilis NCTC9343. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00071-18. [PMID: 29678922 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00071-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria provide a rich source of glycosidases that can recognize and/or hydrolyze glycans for nutrition. Interestingly, some glycosidases have also been found to catalyze transglycosylation reactions in vitro and thus can be used for oligosaccharide synthesis. In this work, six putative and one known exo-α-sialidase genes-three from Bacteroides fragilis NCTC9343, three from Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124, and one known from Bifidobacterium bifidum JCM1254-were subjected to gene cloning and heterogeneous expression in Escherichia coli The recombinant enzymes were purified, characterized for substrate specificity, and screened for transglycosylation activity. A sialidase, named BfGH33C, from B. fragilis NCTC9343 was found to possess excellent transglycosylation activity for the synthesis of sialylated human milk oligosaccharide. The native BfGH33C was a homodimer with a molecular weight of 113.6 kDa. The Km and kcat values for 4-methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-α-d-neuraminic acid and sialic acid dimer were determined to be 0.06 mM and 283.2 s-1, and 0.75 mM and 329.6 s-1, respectively. The enzyme was able to transfer sialyl from sialic acid dimer or oligomer to lactose with high efficiency and strict α2-6 regioselectivity. The influences of the initial substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and reaction time on transglycosylation were investigated in detail. Using 40 mM sialic acid dimer (or 40 mg/ml oligomer) and 1 M lactose (pH 6.5) at 50°C for 10 min, BfGH33C could specifically produce 6'-sialyllactose, a dominant sialylated human milk oligosaccharide, at a maximal conversion ratio above 20%. It provides a promising alternative to the current chemical and enzymatic methods for obtaining sialylated oligosaccharides.IMPORTANCE Sialylated human milk oligosaccharides are significantly beneficial to the neonate, as they play important roles in supporting resistance to pathogens, gut maturation, immune function, and brain and cognitive development. Therefore, access to the sialylated oligosaccharides has attracted increasing attention both for the study of saccharide functions and for the development of infant formulas that could mimic the nutritional value of human milk. Nevertheless, nine-carbon sialic acids are rather complicated for the traditional chemical modifications, which require multiple protection and deprotection steps to achieve a specific glycosidic bond. Here, the exo-α-sialidase BfGH33C synthesized 6'-sialyllactose in a simple step with high transglycosylation activity and strict regioselectivity. Additionally, it could utilize oligosialic acid, which was newly prepared in an easy, economical way to reduce the substrate cost, as a glycosyl donor. All the studies laid a foundation for the practical use of BfGH33C in large-scale synthesis of sialylated oligosaccharides in the future.
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Karbanowicz T, Dover E, Mu X, Tabor A, Rodriguez-Valle M. Extracellular expression of the HT1 neurotoxin from the Australian paralysis tick in two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Toxicon 2017; 140:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Peixoto RS, Antunes CA, Lourêdo LS, Viana VG, Santos CSD, Fuentes Ribeiro da Silva J, Hirata R, Hacker E, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Burkovski A. Functional characterization of the collagen-binding protein DIP2093 and its influence on host-pathogen interaction and arthritogenic potential of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:692-701. [PMID: 28535857 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is typically recognized as the a etiological agent of diphtheria, a toxaemic infection of the respiratory tract; however, both non-toxigenic and toxigenic strains are increasingly isolated from cases of invasive infections. The molecular mechanisms responsible for bacterial colonization and dissemination to host tissues remain only partially understood. In this report, we investigated the role of DIP2093, described as a putative adhesin of the serine-aspartate repeat (Sdr) protein family in host-pathogen interactions of C. diphtheriae wild-type strain NCTC13129. Compared to the parental strain, a DIP2093 mutant RN generated in this study was attenuated in its ability to bind to type I collagen, to adhere to and invade epithelial cells, as well as to survive within macrophages. Furthermore, DIP2093 mutant strain RN had a less detrimental impact on the viability of Caenorhabditis elegans as well as in the clinical severity of arthritis in mice. In conclusion, DIP2093 functions as a microbial surface component recognizing adhesive matrix molecules, and may be included among the factors that contribute to the pathogenicity of C. diphtheriae strains, independently of toxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Stavracakis Peixoto
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Liliane Simpson Lourêdo
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz- FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanilda Gonçalves Viana
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cintia Silva Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jemima Fuentes Ribeiro da Silva
- Ultrastructure and Tissue Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute - iBRAG - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Hirata
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elena Hacker
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
The method of displaying recombinant proteins on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae via genetic fusion to an abundant cell wall protein, a technology known as yeast surface display, or simply, yeast display, has become a valuable protein engineering tool for a broad spectrum of biotechnology and biomedical applications. This review focuses on the use of yeast display for engineering protein affinity, stability, and enzymatic activity. Strategies and examples for each protein engineering goal are discussed. Additional applications of yeast display are also briefly presented, including protein epitope mapping, identification of protein-protein interactions, and uses of displayed proteins in industry and medicine.
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Liu Q, Lu L, Xiao M. Cell surface engineering of α-l-rhamnosidase for naringin hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 123:144-9. [PMID: 22940311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An α-l-rhamnosidase gene (rhaL1) containing an open reading frame of 2046-bp encoding a 681-amino acid protein (RhaL1) was cloned from Alternaria sp. L1 for naringin hydrolysis on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY-100. RhaL1 anchored to the yeast cell surface showed maximum enzyme activity at pH 6.0-6.5 and 70°C and was stable at pH 2.5-12.0 below 60°C. When the yeast cells were employed to hydrolyze naringin in grapefruit juice, about 85% naringin was hydrolyzed at 60°C in 10min. The yeast cells were harvested and recycled for the next batch. The hydrolysis rate of the naringin was maintained at over 80% for 10 batches. These results demonstrate the stability of the RhaL1-expressing yeast cells and effective in hydrolysis of naringin in juice. Thus, the system could have promise for industrial bitterness reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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Lee GY, Jung JH, Seo DH, Hansin J, Ha SJ, Cha J, Kim YS, Park CS. Isomaltulose production via yeast surface display of sucrose isomerase from Enterobacter sp. FMB-1 on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9179-9184. [PMID: 21803574 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding sucrose isomerase from Enterobacter sp. FMB-1 species (ESI) was displayed on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY100 using a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor attachment signal sequence. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed the localization of ESI on the yeast cell surface. The displayed ESI (dESI) was stable at a broad range of temperatures (35-55 °C) and pHs (pH 5-7) with optimal temperature and pH at 45 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. In addition, the thermostability of the dESI was significantly enhanced compared with the recombinant ESI expressed in Escherichia coli. Biotransformation of sucrose to isomaltulose was observed in various ranges of substrate concentrations (50-250 mM) with a 6.4-7.4% conversion yield. It suggested that the bioconversion of sucrose to isomaltulose can be successfully performed by the dESI on the surface of host S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
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Schauer R, Kamerling JP. The Chemistry and Biology of Trypanosomal trans-Sialidases: Virulence Factors in Chagas Disease and Sleeping Sickness. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2246-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kim S, Oh DB, Kang HA, Kwon O. Features and applications of bacterial sialidases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 91:1-15. [PMID: 21544654 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases, or neuraminidases (EC 3.2.1.18), belong to a class of glycosyl hydrolases that release terminal N-acylneuraminate residues from the glycans of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and polysaccharides. In bacteria, sialidases can be used to scavenge sialic acids as a nutrient from various sialylated substrates or to recognize sialic acids exposed on the surface of the host cell. Despite the fact that bacterial sialidases share many structural features, their biochemical properties, especially their linkage and substrate specificities, vary widely. Bacterial sialidases can catalyze the hydrolysis of terminal sialic acids linked by the α(2,3)-, α(2,6)-, or α(2,8)-linkage to a diverse range of substrates. In addition, some of these enzymes can catalyze the transfer of sialic acids from sialoglycans to asialoglycoconjugates via a transglycosylation reaction mechanism. Thus, some bacterial sialidases have been applied to synthesize complex sialyloligosaccharides through chemoenzymatic approaches and to analyze the glycan structure. In this review article, the biochemical features of bacterial sialidases and their potential applications in regioselective hydrolysis reactions as well as sialylation by transglycosylation for the synthesis of sialylated complex glycans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghun Kim
- Microbe-based Fusion Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup, South Korea
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