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Immobilization of Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase from acetone grown Fusarium sp. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:461-471. [PMID: 35083583 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A novel biocatalyst for Baeyer-Villiger oxidations is necessary for pharmaceutical and chemical industries, so this study aims to find a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) and to improve its stability by immobilization. RESULTS Acetone, the simplest ketone, was selected as the only carbon source for the screening of microorganisms with a BVMO. A eukaryote, Fusarium sp. NBRC 109816, with a BVMO (FBVMO), was isolated from a soil sample. FBVMO was overexpressed in E. coli and successfully immobilized by the organic-inorganic nanocrystal formation method. The immobilization improved the thermostability of FBVMO. Substrate specificity investigation revealed that both free and immobilized FBVMO were found to show catalytic activities not only for Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones to esters but also for oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides. Furthermore, a preparative scale reaction using immobilized FBVMO was successfully conducted. CONCLUSIONS FBVMO was discovered from an environmental sample, overexpressed in E. coli, and immobilized by the organic-inorganic nanocrystal formation method. The immobilization successfully improved its thermostability.
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The Isoenzymic Diketocamphane Monooxygenases of Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17453-An Episodic History and Still Mysterious after 60 Years. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122593. [PMID: 34946195 PMCID: PMC8706424 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Researching the involvement of molecular oxygen in the degradation of the naturally occurring bicyclic terpene camphor has generated a six-decade history of fascinating monooxygenase biochemistry. While an extensive bibliography exists reporting the many varied studies on camphor 5-monooxygenase, the initiating enzyme of the relevant catabolic pathway in Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17453, the equivalent recorded history of the isoenzymic diketocamphane monooxygenases, the enzymes that facilitate the initial ring cleavage of the bicyclic terpene, is both less extensive and more enigmatic. First referred to as ‘ketolactonase—an enzyme for cyclic lactonization’—the enzyme now classified as 2,5-diketocamphane 1,2-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.108) holds a special place in the history of oxygen-dependent biochemistry, being the first biocatalyst confirmed to undertake a biooxygenation reaction equivalent to the peracid-catalysed Baeyer–Villiger chemical oxidation first reported in the late 19th century. However, following that auspicious beginning, the biochemistry of EC 1.14.14.108, and its isoenzymic partner 3,6-diketocamphane 1,6-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.155) was dogged for many years by the mistaken belief that the enzymes were true flavoproteins that function with a tightly-bound flavin cofactor in the active site. This misconception led to a number of erroneous interpretations of relevant experimental data. It is only in the last decade, initially as the result of pure serendipity, that these enzymes have been confirmed to be members of a relatively recently discovered class of oxygen-dependent enzymes, the flavin-dependent two-component monooxygenases. This has promoted a renaissance of interest in the enzymes, resulting in programmes of research that have significantly expanded current knowledge of both their mode of action and regulation in camphor-grown P. putida ATCC 17453. However, some features of the biochemistry of the isoenzymic diketocamphane monooxygenases remain currently unexplained. It is the episodic history of these enzymes and some of what remains unresolved that are the principal subjects of this review.
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Yamamoto T, Kobayashi K, Hasegawa Y, Iwaki H. Cloning, expression, and characterization of Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases from eukaryotic Exophiala jeanselmei strain KUFI-6N. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1675-1685. [PMID: 33930112 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Exophiala jeanselmei strain KUFI-6N produces a unique cycloalkanone monooxygenase (ExCAMO) that displays an uncommon substrate spectrum of Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of 4-10-membered ring ketones. In this study, we aimed to identify and sequence the gene encoding ExCAMO from KUFI-6N and overexpress the gene in Escherichia coli. We found that the primary structure of ExCAMO is most closely related to the cycloalkanone monooxygenase from Cylindrocarpon radicicola ATCC 11011, with 54.2% amino acid identity. ExCAMO was functionally expressed in E. coli and its substrate spectrum and kinetic parameters were investigated. Substrate profiling indicated that ExCAMO is unusual among known Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases owing to its ability to accept a variety of substrates, including C4-C12 membered ring ketones. ExCAMO has high affinity and catalytic efficiency toward cycloalkanones, the highest being toward cyclohexanone. Five other genes encoding Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases were also cloned and expressed in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisei Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kento Kobayashi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshie Hasegawa
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iwaki
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Shen L, Cang R, Yang G, Zeng A, Huang H, Zhang Z. Aureobasidium subglaciale F134 is a bifunctional whole-cell biocatalyst for Baeyer–Villiger oxidation or selective carbonyl reduction controllable by temperature. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Schmidt S, Bornscheuer UT. Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases: From protein engineering to biocatalytic applications. FLAVIN-DEPENDENT ENZYMES: MECHANISMS, STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 47:231-281. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Fürst MJLJ, Gran-Scheuch A, Aalbers FS, Fraaije MW. Baeyer–Villiger Monooxygenases: Tunable Oxidative Biocatalysts. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian J. L. J. Fürst
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Gran-Scheuch
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocesses Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Friso S. Aalbers
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Marco W. Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands
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7
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Willetts A. Characterised Flavin-Dependent Two-Component Monooxygenases from the CAM Plasmid of Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17453 (NCIMB 10007): ketolactonases by Another Name. Microorganisms 2018; 7:E1. [PMID: 30577535 PMCID: PMC6352141 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The CAM plasmid-coded isoenzymic diketocamphane monooxygenases induced in Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17453 (NCIMB 10007) by growth of the bacterium on the bicyclic monoterpene (rac)-camphor are notable both for their interesting history, and their strategic importance in chemoenzymatic syntheses. Originally named 'ketolactonase-an enzyme system for cyclic lactonization' because of its characterised mode of action, (+)-camphor-induced 2,5-diketocamphane 1,2-monooxygenase was the first example of a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase activity to be confirmed in vitro. Both this enzyme and the enantiocomplementary (-)-camphor-induced 3,6-diketocamphane 1,6-monooxygenase were mistakenly classified and studied as coenzyme-containing flavoproteins for nearly 40 years before being correctly recognised and reinvestigated as FMN-dependent two-component monooxygenases. As has subsequently become evident, both the nature and number of flavin reductases able to supply the requisite reduced flavin co-substrate for the monooxygenases changes progressively throughout the different phases of camphor-dependent growth. Highly purified preparations of the enantiocomplementary monooxygenases have been exploited successfully for undertaking both nucleophilic and electrophilic biooxidations generating various enantiopure lactones and sulfoxides of value as chiral synthons and auxiliaries, respectively. In this review the chequered history, current functional understanding, and scope and value as biocatalysts of the diketocamphane monooxygenases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Willetts
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK.
- Curnow Consultancies, Helston TR13 9PQ, UK.
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Discovery of Two Native Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases for Asymmetric Synthesis of Bulky Chiral Sulfoxides. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00638-18. [PMID: 29752270 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00638-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs), designated BoBVMO and AmBVMO, were discovered from Bradyrhizobium oligotrophicum and Aeromicrobium marinum, respectively. Both monooxygenases displayed novel features for catalyzing the asymmetric sulfoxidation of bulky and pharmaceutically relevant thioethers. Evolutionary relationship and sequence analysis revealed that the two BVMOs belong to the family of typical type I BVMOs and the subtype ethionamide monooxygenase. Both BVMOs are active toward medium- and long-chain aliphatic ketones as well as various thioether substrates but are ineffective toward cyclohexanone, aromatic ketones, and other typical BVMO substrates. BoBVMO and AmBVMO showed the highest activities (0.117 and 0.025 U/mg protein, respectively) toward thioanisole among the tested substrates. Furthermore, these BVMOs exhibited distinct activity and excellent stereoselectivity toward bulky and prochiral prazole thioethers, which is a unique feature of this family of BVMOs. No native enzyme has been reported for the asymmetric sulfoxidation of bulky prazole thioethers into chiral sulfoxides. The identification of BoBVMO and AmBVMO provides an important scaffold for discovering enzymes capable of asymmetrically oxidizing bulky thioether substrates by genome mining.IMPORTANCE Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) are valuable enzyme catalysts that are an alternative to the chemical Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction. Although BVMOs display broad substrate ranges, no native enzymes were reported to have activity toward the asymmetric oxidation of bulky prazole-like thioether substrates. Herein, we report the discovery of two type I BVMOs from Bradyrhizobium oligotrophicum (BoBVMO) and Aeromicrobium marinum (AmBVMO) which are able to catalyze the asymmetric sulfoxidation of bulky prazole thioethers (proton pump inhibitors [PPIs], a group of drugs whose main action is a pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production). Efficient catalysis of omeprazole oxidation by BoBVMO was developed, indicating that this enzyme is a promising biocatalyst for the synthesis of bulky and pharmaceutically relevant chiral sulfoxide drugs. These results demonstrate that the newly identified enzymes are suitable templates for the discovery of more and better thioether-converting BVMOs.
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Bordewick S, Beier A, Balke K, Bornscheuer UT. Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases from Yarrowia lipolytica catalyze preferentially sulfoxidations. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 109:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Mthethwa KS, Kassier K, Engel J, Kara S, Smit MS, Opperman DJ. Fungal BVMOs as alternatives to cyclohexanone monooxygenase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 106:11-17. [PMID: 28859804 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
FAD-dependent Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) have proven to be useful biocatalysts in the selective and specific oxygenation of various ketones. Despite the cloning, heterologous expression and characterization of close to 80 members of this enzyme family, some sub-groups of BVMOs still remain underrepresented and their evolutionary relationship uncertain. Until recently, very few fungal BVMOs have been described. Our previous investigations into BVMOs from the fungus Aspergillus flavus, yielded very little activity on simple cyclic ketones. Here we report on another four BVMOs from A. flavus that are more closely related to cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) from Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB 9871. Evolutionary analysis with other characterized BVMOs show their closest relationship to be with either cycloalkanone monooxygenase (CAMO) or 2-oxo-Δ3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-coenzyme A monooxygenase (OTEMO). The OTEMO-related BVMOAFL706 and BVMOAFL334 were heterologously expressed in E. coli, purified and shown to be able to convert a range of cyclic and substituted cyclic ketones. Of the unsubstituted cyclic ketones, cyclohexanone showed the highest conversion with maximum turnover frequencies reaching 4.3s-1 for BVMOAFL706. Unlike CHMOacinet, and many of the closely related BVMOs, no substrate inhibition was observed with cyclohexanone to a concentration of up to 30mM, creating the possibility for applications requiring high substrate loading. Aliphatic ketones were also readily converted with excellent regioselectivity. Similar to CHMOacinet, acetophenones were not converted and the oxidation of rac-cis-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one occurs enantiodivergently, with the (1R,5S) isomer converted to the "normal" lactone and the (1S,5R) isomer to the "abnormal" lactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlego Siphamandla Mthethwa
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Karin Kassier
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Engel
- Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
| | - Selin Kara
- Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
| | - Martha Sophia Smit
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Diederik Johannes Opperman
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
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11
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First chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the ( R)-Taniguchi lactone and substrate profiles of CAMO and OTEMO, two new Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016; 148:157-165. [PMID: 28127101 PMCID: PMC5225235 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study investigates the substrate profile of cycloalkanone monooxygenase and 2-oxo-Δ3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-coenzyme A monooxygenase, two recently discovered enzymes of the Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase family, used as whole-cell biocatalysts. Biooxidations of a diverse set of ketones were performed on analytical scale: desymmetrization of substituted prochiral cyclobutanones and cyclohexanones, regiodivergent oxidation of terpenones and bicyclic ketones, as well as kinetic resolution of racemic cycloketones. We demonstrated the applicability of the title enzymes in the enantioselective synthesis of (R)-(-)-Taniguchi lactone, a building block for the preparation of various natural product analogs such as ent-quinine. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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12
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Mascotti ML, Palazzolo MA, Bisogno FR, Kurina-Sanz M. Biotransformation of dehydro-epi-androsterone by Aspergillus parasiticus: Metabolic evidences of BVMO activity. Steroids 2016; 109:44-9. [PMID: 27025973 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The research on the synthesis of steroids and its derivatives is of high interest due to their clinical applications. A particular focus is given to molecules bearing a D-ring lactone like testolactone because of its bioactivity. The Aspergillus genus has been used to perform steroid biotransformations since it offers a toolbox of redox enzymes. In this work, the use of growing cells of Aspergillus parasiticus to study the bioconversion of dehydro-epi-androsterone (DHEA) is described, emphasizing the metabolic steps leading to D-ring lactonization products. It was observed that A. parasiticus is not only capable of transforming bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one, the standard Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) substrate, but also yielded testololactone and the homo-lactone 3β-hydroxy-17a-oxa-D-homoandrost-5-en-17-one from DHEA. Moreover, the biocatalyst degraded the lateral chain of cortisone by an oxidative route suggesting the action of a BVMO, thus providing enough metabolic evidences denoting the presence of BVMO activity in A. parasiticus. Furthermore, since excellent biotransformation rates were observed, A. parasiticus is a promising candidate for the production of bioactive lactone-based compounds of steroidal origin in larger scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laura Mascotti
- Area de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, INTEQUI-CONICET, San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Martín A Palazzolo
- Area de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, INTEQUI-CONICET, San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Fabricio R Bisogno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, INFIQC-CONICET, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Marcela Kurina-Sanz
- Area de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, INTEQUI-CONICET, San Luis 5700, Argentina.
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13
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The Origin and Evolution of Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases (BVMOs): An Ancestral Family of Flavin Monooxygenases. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132689. [PMID: 26161776 PMCID: PMC4498894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases (BVMOs) are enzymes belonging to the "Class B" of flavin monooxygenases and are capable of performing exquisite selective oxidations. These enzymes have been studied from a biotechnological perspective, but their physiological substrates and functional roles are widely unknown. Here, we investigated the origin, taxonomic distribution and evolutionary history of the BVMO genes. By using in silico approaches, 98 BVMO encoding genes were detected in the three domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. We found evidence for the presence of these genes in Metazoa (Hydra vulgaris, Oikopleura dioica and Adineta vaga) and Haptophyta (Emiliania huxleyi) for the first time. Furthermore, a search for other "Class B" monooxygenases (flavoprotein monooxygenases--FMOs--and N-hydroxylating monooxygenases--NMOs) was conducted. These sequences were also found in the three domains of life. Phylogenetic analyses of all "Class B" monooxygenases revealed that NMOs and BVMOs are monophyletic, whereas FMOs form a paraphyletic group. Based on these results, we propose that BVMO genes were already present in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) and their current taxonomic distribution is the result of differential duplication and loss of paralogous genes.
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van Beek HL, Beyer N, Janssen DB, Fraaije MW. Lyophilization conditions for the storage of monooxygenases. J Biotechnol 2015; 203:41-4. [PMID: 25817248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) was used as a model enzyme to find suitable freeze-drying conditions for long-term storage of an isolated monooxygenase. CHMO is a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) known for its ability to catalyze a large number of oxidation reactions. With a focus on establishing the optimal formulation, additives were tested for enzyme stabilization during and after lyophilization. The results were successfully transferred to two other monooxygenases, namely the BVMO cyclopentadecanone monooxygenase (CPDMO) and a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, P450 BM3. In the absence of a lyoprotectant, lyophilized P450 BM3 is almost completely inactivated, while the lyophilized BVMOs quickly lost activity when stored at 50°C. Lyophilization in the presence of 2% (w/v) sucrose was found to be the best formulation to preserve activity and protect against inactivation when stored as lyophilizate at 50°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo L van Beek
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Beyer
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick B Janssen
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Beier A, Hahn V, Bornscheuer UT, Schauer F. Metabolism of alkenes and ketones by Candida maltosa and related yeasts. AMB Express 2014; 4:75. [PMID: 25309846 PMCID: PMC4192553 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge is scarce about the degradation of ketones in yeasts. For bacteria a subterminal degradation of alkanes to ketones and their further metabolization has been described which always involved Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs). In addition, the question has to be clarified whether alkenes are converted to ketones, in particular for the oil degrading yeast Candida maltosa little is known. In this study we show the degradation of the aliphatic ketone dodecane-2-one by Candida maltosa and the related yeasts Candida tropicalis, Candida catenulata and Candida albicans as well as Trichosporon asahii and Yarrowia lipolytica. One pathway is initiated by the formation of decyl acetate, resulting from a Baeyer-Villiger-oxidation of this ketone. Beyond this, an initial reduction to dodecane-2-ol by a keto reductase was clearly shown. In addition, two different ways to metabolize dodec-1-ene were proposed. One involved the formation of dodecane-2-one and the other one a conversion leading to carboxylic and dicarboxylic acids. Furthermore the induction of ketone degrading enzymes by dodecane-2-one and dodec-1-ene was shown. Interestingly, with dodecane no subterminal degradation products were detected and it did not induce any enzymes to convert dodecane-2-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Beier
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Applied Microbiology, Greifswald University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, Greifswald, 17487, Germany ; Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
| | - Veronika Hahn
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Applied Microbiology, Greifswald University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
| | - Frieder Schauer
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Applied Microbiology, Greifswald University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
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16
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Mascotti ML, Kurina-Sanz M, Juri Ayub M, Fraaije MW. Insights in the kinetic mechanism of the eukaryotic Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase BVMOAf1 from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt B:270-6. [PMID: 25230086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a detailed kinetic study of the recently discovered BVMOAf1 from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293. By performing steady state and pre-steady state kinetic analyses, it was demonstrated that the rate of catalysis is partially limited by the NADPH-mediated reduction of the flavin cofactor, a unique hallmark of BVMOAf1. In addition, the oxygenating C4a-(hydro)peroxyflavin intermediate could be spectrophotometrically detected and it was found to be the most stable among all analyzed BVMOs. To assess the possible influence of some residues on the kinetic features, model-inspired site-directed mutagenesis was performed. Among the mutants, the Q436A variant showed a slightly broader substrate scope and a better catalytic efficiency. In summary, this study describes for the first time the kinetic parameters for an eukaryotic BVMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Mascotti
- INTEQUI-CONICET, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CP 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Marcela Kurina-Sanz
- INTEQUI-CONICET, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CP 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Juri Ayub
- IMIBIO-SL CONICET, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CP 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Functional divergence between closely related Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases from Aspergillus flavus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ceccoli RD, Bianchi DA, Rial DV. Flavoprotein monooxygenases for oxidative biocatalysis: recombinant expression in microbial hosts and applications. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:25. [PMID: 24567729 PMCID: PMC3915288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
External flavoprotein monooxygenases comprise a group of flavin-dependent oxidoreductases that catalyze the insertion of one atom of molecular oxygen into an organic substrate and the second atom is reduced to water. These enzymes are involved in a great number of metabolic pathways both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Flavoprotein monooxygenases have attracted the attention of researchers for several decades and the advent of recombinant DNA technology caused a great progress in the field. These enzymes are subjected to detailed biochemical and structural characterization and some of them are also regarded as appealing oxidative biocatalysts for the production of fine chemicals and valuable intermediates toward active pharmaceutical ingredients due to their high chemo-, stereo-, and regioselectivity. Here, we review the most representative reactions catalyzed both in vivo and in vitro by prototype flavoprotein monooxygenases, highlighting the strategies employed to produce them recombinantly, to enhance the yield of soluble proteins, and to improve cofactor regeneration in order to obtain versatile biocatalysts. Although we describe the most outstanding features of flavoprotein monooxygenases, we mainly focus on enzymes that were cloned, expressed and used for biocatalysis during the last years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina D Ceccoli
- Área Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Dario A Bianchi
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Área Análisis de Medicamentos, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario, Argentina
| | - Daniela V Rial
- Área Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
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Beneventi E, Niero M, Motterle R, Fraaije M, Bergantino E. Discovery of Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenases from photosynthetic eukaryotes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Mascotti ML, Juri Ayub M, Dudek H, Sanz MK, Fraaije MW. Cloning, overexpression and biocatalytic exploration of a novel Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293. AMB Express 2013; 3:33. [PMID: 23767684 PMCID: PMC3762062 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-3-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of several putative Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases (BVMOs) encoding genes in Aspergillus fumigatus Af293 was demonstrated for the first time. One of the identified BVMO-encoding genes was cloned and successfully overexpressed fused to the cofactor regenerating enzyme phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH). The enzyme named BVMOAf1 was extensively characterized in terms of its substrate scope and essential kinetic features. It showed high chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity not only in the oxidation of asymmetric sulfides, (S)-sulfoxides were obtained with 99% ee, but also in the kinetic resolution of bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one. This kinetic resolution process led to the production of (1S,5R) normal lactone and (1R,5S) abnormal lactone with a regioisomeric ratio of 1:1 and 99% ee each. Besides, different reaction conditions, such as pH, temperature and the presence of organic solvents, have been tested, revealing that BVMOAf1 is a relatively robust biocatalyst.
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Balke K, Kadow M, Mallin H, Sass S, Bornscheuer UT. Discovery, application and protein engineering of Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases for organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6249-65. [PMID: 22733152 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25704a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) are useful enzymes for organic synthesis as they enable the direct and highly regio- and stereoselective oxidation of ketones to esters or lactones simply with molecular oxygen. This contribution covers novel concepts such as searching in protein sequence databases using distinct motifs to discover new Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases as well as high-throughput assays to facilitate protein engineering in order to improve BVMOs with respect to substrate range, enantioselectivity, thermostability and other properties. Recent examples for the application of BVMOs in synthetic organic synthesis illustrate the broad potential of these biocatalysts. Furthermore, methods to facilitate the more efficient use of BVMOs in organic synthesis by applying e.g. improved cofactor regeneration, substrate feed and in situ product removal or immobilization are covered in this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Balke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Completing the series of BVMOs involved in camphor metabolism of Pseudomonas putida NCIMB 10007 by identification of the two missing genes, their functional expression in E. coli, and biochemical characterization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:419-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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