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Zhou Q, Tao X, Guo F, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Xiang H, Shang D. The crosstalk between microbiota and metabolites in AP mice: an analysis based on metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1134321. [PMID: 37621874 PMCID: PMC10446838 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1134321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Microbiome dysfunction is known to aggravate acute pancreatitis (AP); however, the relationship between this dysfunction and metabolite alterations is not fully understood. This study explored the crosstalk between the microbiome and metabolites in AP mice. Methods Experimental AP models were established by injecting C57/BL mice with seven doses of cerulein and one dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics were used to identify systemic disturbances in the microbiome and metabolites, respectively, during the progression of AP. Results The gut microbiome of AP mice primarily included Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, and "core microbiota" characterized by an increase in Proteobacteria and a decrease in Actinobacteria. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found that significantly different microbes were involved in several signaling networks. Untargeted metabolomics identified 872 metabolites, of which lipids and lipid-like molecules were the most impacted. An integrated analysis of metagenomics and metabolomics indicated that acetate kinase (ackA) gene expression was associated with various gut microbiota, including Alistipes, Butyricimonas, and Lactobacillus, and was strongly correlated with the metabolite daphnoretin. The functional gene, O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase (cysK), was associated with Alistipes, Jeotgalicoccus, and Lactobacillus, and linked to bufalin and phlorobenzophenone metabolite production. Conclusion This study identified the relationship between the gut microbiome and metabolite levels during AP, especially the Lactobacillus-, Alistipes-, and Butyricimonas-associated functional genes, ackA and cysK. Expression of these genes was significantly correlated to the production of the anti-inflammatory and antitumor metabolites daphnoretin and bufalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fangyue Guo
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yutong Zhu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic-Biliary Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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2
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Jing W, Xu S, Jin Y, Xu Y, Wang H. Horizontally acquired cysteine synthase genes undergo functional divergence in lepidopteran herbivores. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 127:21-34. [PMID: 33833409 PMCID: PMC8249628 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays an important role in evolutionary processes as organisms adapt to their environments, and now cases of gene duplication after HGT in eukaryotes are emerging at an increasing rate. However, the fate and roles of the duplicated genes over time in eukaryotes remain unclear. Here we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of cysteine synthase (CYS) in lepidopteran insects. Our results indicate that HGT-derived CYS genes are widespread and have undergone duplication following horizontal transfer in many lepidopteran insects. Moreover, lepidopteran CYS proteins not only have β-cyanoalanine synthase activity but also possess cysteine synthase activity that is involved in sulfur amino acid biosynthesis. Duplicated CYS genes show marked divergence in gene expression patterns and enzymatic properties, suggesting that they probably have undergone subfunctionalization and/or neofunctionalization in Lepidoptera. The gene transfer of CYS genes and subsequent duplication appears to have facilitated the adaptation of lepidopteran insects to different diets and promoted their ecological diversification. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the ecological and evolutionary contributions of CYS in lepidopteran insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Jing
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiliang Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Jin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yusong Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huabing Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Insights into multifaceted activities of CysK for therapeutic interventions. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:44. [PMID: 30675454 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
CysK (O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase) is a pyridoxal-5' phosphate-dependent enzyme which catalyzes the second step of the de novo cysteine biosynthesis pathway by converting O-acetyl serine (OAS) into l-cysteine in the presence of sulfide. The first step of the cysteine biosynthesis involves formation of OAS from serine and acetyl CoA by CysE (serine acetyltransferase). Apart from role of CysK in cysteine biosynthesis, recent studies have revealed various additional roles of this enzyme in bacterial physiology. Other than the suggested regulatory role in cysteine production, other activities of CysK include involvement of CysK-in contact-dependent toxin activation in Gram-negative pathogens, as a transcriptional regulator of CymR by stabilizing the CymR-DNA interactions, in biofilm formation by providing cysteine and via another mechanism not yet understood, in ofloxacin and tellurite resistance as well as in cysteine desulfurization. Some of these activities involve binding of CysK to another cellular partner, where the complex is regulated by the availability of OAS and/or sulfide (H2S). The aim of this study is to present an overview of current knowledge of multiple functions performed by CysK and identifying structural features involved in alternate functions. Due to possible role in disease, promoting or inhibiting a "moonlighting" function of CysK could be a target for developing novel therapeutic interventions.
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4
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Wüthrich D, Irmler S, Berthoud H, Guggenbühl B, Eugster E, Bruggmann R. Conversion of Methionine to Cysteine in Lactobacillus paracasei Depends on the Highly Mobile cysK-ctl-cysE Gene Cluster. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2415. [PMID: 30386310 PMCID: PMC6200037 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are rich in nutrients and are therefore habitats for various microbiomes. However, the composition of nutrients can be quite diverse, in particular among the sulfur containing amino acids. In milk, methionine is present in a 25-fold higher abundance than cysteine. Interestingly, a fraction of strains of the species L. paracasei – a flavor-enhancing adjunct culture species – can grow in medium with methionine as the sole sulfur source. In this study, we focus on genomic and evolutionary aspects of sulfur dependence in L. paracasei strains. From 24 selected L. paracasei strains, 16 strains can grow in medium with methionine as sole sulfur source. We sequenced these strains to perform gene-trait matching. We found that one gene cluster – consisting of a cysteine synthase, a cystathionine lyase, and a serine acetyltransferase – is present in all strains that grow in medium with methionine as sole sulfur source. In contrast, strains that depend on other sulfur sources do not have this gene cluster. We expanded the study and searched for this gene cluster in other species and detected it in the genomes of many bacteria species used in the food production. The comparison to these species showed that two different versions of the gene cluster exist in L. paracasei which were likely gained in two distinct events of horizontal gene transfer. Additionally, the comparison of 62 L. paracasei genomes and the two versions of the gene cluster revealed that this gene cluster is mobile within the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wüthrich
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Elisabeth Eugster
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Wüthrich D, Wenzel C, Bavan T, Bruggmann R, Berthoud H, Irmler S. Transcriptional Regulation of Cysteine and Methionine Metabolism in Lactobacillus paracasei FAM18149. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1261. [PMID: 29942297 PMCID: PMC6004538 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus paracasei is common in the non-starter lactic acid bacteria (LAB) community of raw milk cheeses. This species can significantly contribute to flavor formation through amino acid metabolism. In this study, the DNA and RNA of L. paracasei FAM18149 were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technologies to reconstruct the metabolism of the sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine. Twenty-three genes were found to be involved in cysteine biosynthesis, the conversion of cysteine to methionine and vice versa, the S-adenosylmethionine recycling pathway, and the transport of sulfur-containing amino acids. Additionally, six methionine-specific T-boxes and one cysteine-specific T-box were found. Five of these were located upstream of genes encoding transporter functions. RNA-seq analysis and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase reaction assays showed that expression of genes located downstream of these T-boxes was affected by the absence of either cysteine or methionine. Remarkably, the cysK2-ctl1-cysE2 operon, which is associated with te methionine-to-cysteine conversion and is upregulated in the absence of cysteine, showed high read coverage in the 5′-untranslated region and an antisense-RNA in the 3′-untranslated region. This indicates that this operon is regulated by the combination of cis- and antisense-mediated regulation mechanisms. The results of this study may help in the selection of L. paracasei strains to control sulfuric flavor formation in cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wüthrich
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Yan W, Stone E, Zhang YJ. Structural Snapshots of an Engineered Cystathionine-γ-lyase Reveal the Critical Role of Electrostatic Interactions in the Active Site. Biochemistry 2017; 56:876-885. [PMID: 28106980 PMCID: PMC5376214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme therapeutics that can degrade l-methionine (l-Met) are of great interest as numerous malignancies are exquisitely sensitive to l-Met depletion. To exhaust the pool of methionine in human serum, we previously engineered an l-Met-degrading enzyme based on the human cystathionine-γ-lyase scaffold (hCGL-NLV) to circumvent immunogenicity and stability issues observed in the preclinical application of bacterially derived methionine-γ-lyases. To gain further insights into the structure-activity relationships governing the chemistry of the hCGL-NLV lead molecule, we undertook a biophysical characterization campaign that captured crystal structures (2.2 Å) of hCGL-NLV with distinct reaction intermediates, including internal aldimine, substrate-bound, gem-diamine, and external aldimine forms. Curiously, an alternate form of hCGL-NLV that crystallized under higher-salt conditions revealed a locally unfolded active site, correlating with inhibition of activity as a function of ionic strength. Subsequent mutational and kinetic experiments pinpointed that a salt bridge between the phosphate of the essential cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and residue R62 plays an important role in catalyzing β- and γ-eliminations. Our study suggests that solvent ions such as NaCl disrupt electrostatic interactions between R62 and PLP, decreasing catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wupeng Yan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Everett Stone
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yan Jessie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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7
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Bogicevic B, Berthoud H, Portmann R, Bavan T, Meile L, Irmler S. Cysteine biosynthesis in Lactobacillus casei: identification and characterization of a serine acetyltransferase. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw012. [PMID: 26790714 PMCID: PMC4742844 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In bacteria, cysteine can be synthesized from serine by two steps involving an L-serine O-acetyltransferase (SAT) and a cysteine synthase (CysK). While CysK is found in the publicly available annotated genome from Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334, a gene encoding SAT (cysE) is missing. In this study, we found that various strains of L. casei grew in a chemically defined medium containing sulfide as the sole sulfur source, indicating the presence of a serine O-acetyltransferase. The gene lying upstream of cysK is predicted to encode a homoserine trans-succinylase (metA). To study the function of this gene, it was cloned from L. casei FAM18110. The purified, recombinant protein did not acylate L-homoserine in vitro. Instead, it catalyzed the formation of O-acetyl serine from L-serine and acetyl-CoA. Furthermore, the plasmid expressing the L. casei gene complemented an Escherichia coli cysE mutant strain but not an E. coli metA mutant. This clearly demonstrated that the gene annotated as metA in fact encodes the SAT function and should be annotated as cysE. A gene that is annotated as homoserine succinyltransferase actually encodes a serine acetyltransferase in Lactobacillus casei.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hélène Berthoud
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences IFS, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Reto Portmann
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences IFS, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Tharmatha Bavan
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences IFS, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Leo Meile
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Irmler
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences IFS, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
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8
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Ferrario C, Duranti S, Milani C, Mancabelli L, Lugli GA, Turroni F, Mangifesta M, Viappiani A, Ossiprandi MC, van Sinderen D, Ventura M. Exploring Amino Acid Auxotrophy in Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1331. [PMID: 26635786 PMCID: PMC4656816 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition and assimilation strategies followed by members of the infant gut microbiota to retrieve nitrogen from the gut lumen are still largely unknown. In particular, no information on these metabolic processes is available regarding bifidobacteria, which are among the first microbial colonizers of the human intestine. Here, evaluation of amino acid auxotrophy and prototrophy of Bifidobacterium bifidum, with particular emphasis on B. bifidum strain PRL2010 (LMG S-28692), revealed a putative auxotrophy for cysteine. In addition, we hypothesized that cysteine plays a role in the oxidative stress response in B. bifidum. The use of glutathione as an alternative reduced sulfur compound did not alleviate cysteine auxotrophy of this strain, though it was shown to stimulate expression of the genes involved in cysteine biosynthesis, reminiscent of oxidative stress response. When PRL2010 was grown on a medium containing complex substrates, such as whey proteins or casein hydrolysate, we noticed a distinct growth-promoting effect of these compounds. Transcriptional analysis involving B. bifidum PRL2010 cultivated on whey proteins or casein hydrolysate revealed that the biosynthetic pathways for cysteine and methionine are modulated by the presence of casein hydrolysate. Such findings support the notion that certain complex substrates may act as potential prebiotics for bifidobacteria in their ecological niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ferrario
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma Parma, Italy
| | - Sabrina Duranti
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma Parma, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele A Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria C Ossiprandi
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma Parma, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland Cork, Ireland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma Parma, Italy
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9
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Konkit M, Kim JH, Bora N, Kim W. Transcriptomic analysis of Lactococcus chungangensis sp. nov. and its potential in cheese making. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:7363-72. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Guo H, Chen C, Lee DJ, Wang A, Gao D, Ren N. Coupled carbon, sulfur and nitrogen cycles of mixotrophic growth of Pseudomonas sp. C27 under denitrifying sulfide removal conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 171:120-6. [PMID: 25189517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas sp. C27 is a facultative autotrophic bacterium (FAB) that can effectively conduct mixotrophic denitrifying sulfide removal (DSR) reactions using organic matters and sulfide as electron donors. Quantitative proteomics analysis of C27 using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and bioinformatics techniques identified 1916 unique proteins, based on which a novel pathway utilizing couple carbon, sulfide and nitrogen cycles for mixotrophic growth of C27. DSR experiments at different C/N ratios confirmed the presence of the new pathway. This novel pathway may be of great significance for C27-alike strains to conduct sulfide and nitrate removals in biological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Dawen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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11
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Abstract
Although the composition of the gut microbiota and its symbiotic contribution to key host physiological functions are well established, little is known as yet about the bacterial factors that account for this symbiosis. We selected Lactobacillus casei as a model microorganism to proceed to genomewide identification of the functions required for a symbiont to establish colonization in the gut. As a result of our recent development of a transposon-mutagenesis tool that overcomes the barrier that had prevented L. casei random mutagenesis, we developed a signature-tagged mutagenesis approach combining whole-genome reverse genetics using a set of tagged transposons and in vivo screening using the rabbit ligated ileal loop model. After sequencing transposon insertion sites in 9,250 random mutants, we assembled a library of 1,110 independent mutants, all disrupted in a different gene, that provides a representative view of the L. casei genome. By determining the relative quantity of each of the 1,110 mutants before and after the in vivo challenge, we identified a core of 47 L. casei genes necessary for its establishment in the gut. They are involved in housekeeping functions, metabolism (sugar, amino acids), cell wall biogenesis, and adaptation to environment. Hence we provide what is, to our knowledge, the first global functional genomics analysis of L. casei symbiosis.
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12
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Wybouw N, Dermauw W, Tirry L, Stevens C, Grbić M, Feyereisen R, Van Leeuwen T. A gene horizontally transferred from bacteria protects arthropods from host plant cyanide poisoning. eLife 2014; 3:e02365. [PMID: 24843024 PMCID: PMC4011162 DOI: 10.7554/elife.02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanogenic glucosides are among the most widespread defense chemicals of plants. Upon plant tissue disruption, these glucosides are hydrolyzed to a reactive hydroxynitrile that releases toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Yet many mite and lepidopteran species can thrive on plants defended by cyanogenic glucosides. The nature of the enzyme known to detoxify HCN to β-cyanoalanine in arthropods has remained enigmatic. Here we identify this enzyme by transcriptome analysis and functional expression. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the gene is a member of the cysteine synthase family horizontally transferred from bacteria to phytophagous mites and Lepidoptera. The recombinant mite enzyme had both β-cyanoalanine synthase and cysteine synthase activity but enzyme kinetics showed that cyanide detoxification activity was strongly favored. Our results therefore suggest that an ancient horizontal transfer of a gene originally involved in sulfur amino acid biosynthesis in bacteria was co-opted by herbivorous arthropods to detoxify plant produced cyanide.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02365.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Wybouw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Tirry
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Stevens
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miodrag Grbić
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino, Logroño, Spain
| | - René Feyereisen
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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A preliminary study on the effect of Lactobacillus casei expressing cystathionine lyase1/cystathionine lyase2 on Cheddar cheese and the formation of sulphur-containing compounds. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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