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Conjugation of the 9-kDa Isoform of Granulysin with Liposomes Potentiates Its Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158705. [PMID: 35955839 PMCID: PMC9369117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine kDa granulysin (GRNLY) is a human cytolytic protein secreted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and NK cells of the immune system whose demonstrated physiological function is the elimination of bacteria and parasites. In previous studies by our group, the anti-tumor capacity of recombinant granulysin was demonstrated, both in vitro and in vivo. In the present work, we developed lipid nanoparticles whose surfaces can bind recombinant granulysin through the formation of a complex of coordination between the histidine tail of the protein and Ni2+ provided by a chelating lipid in the liposome composition and termed them LUV-GRNLY, for granulysin-bound large unilamellar vesicles. The objective of this formulation is to increase the granulysin concentration at the site of contact with the target cell and to increase the cytotoxicity of the administered dose. The results obtained in this work indicate that recombinant granulysin binds to the surface of the liposome with high efficiency and that its cytotoxicity is significantly increased when it is in association with liposomes. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the main mechanism of death induced by both granulysin and LUV-GRNLY is apoptosis. Jurkat-shBak cells are resistant to GRNLY and also to LUV-GRNLY, showing that LUV-GRNLY uses the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway to induce cell death. On the other hand, we show that LUV-GRNLY induces the expression of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family Bim and especially PUMA, although it also induced the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL. In conclusion, we demonstrate that binding of GRNLY to the surfaces of liposomes clearly augments its cytotoxic potential, with cell death executed mainly by the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Yang H, Jia H, Zhao Q, Luo KQ. Visualization of natural killer cell-mediated killing of cancer cells at single-cell resolution in live zebrafish. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 216:114616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rasi V, Hameed OA, Matthey P, Bera S, Grandgenett DP, Salentinig S, Walch M, Hoft DF. Improved Purification of Human Granzyme A/B and Granulysin Using a Mammalian Expression System. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830290. [PMID: 35300343 PMCID: PMC8921980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes release proteins contained within the cytoplasmic cytolytic granules after recognition of infected or tumor target cells. These cytotoxic granular proteins (namely granzymes, granulysin, and perforin) are key immunological mediators within human cellular immunity. The availability of highly purified cytotoxic proteins has been fundamental for understanding their function in immunity and mechanistic involvement in sepsis and autoimmunity. Methods for recovery of native cytotoxic proteins can be problematic leading to: 1) the co-purification of additional proteins, confounding interpretation of function, and 2) low yields of highly purified proteins. Recombinant protein expression of individual cytolytic components can overcome these challenges. The use of mammalian expression systems is preferred for optimal post-translational modifications and avoidance of endotoxin contamination. Some of these proteins have been proposed for host directed human therapies (e.g. - granzyme A), or treatment of systemic infections or tumors as in granulysin. We report here a novel expression system using HEK293T cells for cost-effective purification of high yields of human granzymes (granzyme A and granzyme B) and granulysin with enhanced biological activity than previous reports. The resulting proteins are free of native contaminants, fold correctly, and remain enzymatically active. Importantly, these improvements have also led to the first purification of biologically active recombinant human granulysin in high yields from a mammalian system. This method can be used as a template for purification of many other secreted cellular proteins and may lead to advances for human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Rasi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Owais Abdul Hameed
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Matthey
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sibes Bera
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Duane P. Grandgenett
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stefan Salentinig
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Walch
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Daniel F. Hoft, ; Michael Walch,
| | - Daniel F. Hoft
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States,*Correspondence: Daniel F. Hoft, ; Michael Walch,
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Guerrero-Ochoa P, Aguilar-Machado D, Ibáñez-Pérez R, Macías-León J, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Raso J, Anel A. Production of a Granulysin-Based, Tn-Targeted Cytolytic Immunotoxin Using Pulsed Electric Field Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6165. [PMID: 32859066 PMCID: PMC7503585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulysin is a protein present in the granules of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells, with cytolytic activity against microbes and tumors. Previous work demonstrated the therapeutic effect of the intratumoral injection of recombinant granulysin and of the systemic injection of an immunotoxin between granulysin and the anti-carcinoembryonic antigen single-chain Fv antibody fragment MFE23, which were produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris. In the present work, we developed a second immunotoxin combining granulysin and the anti-Tn antigen single-chain Fv antibody fragment SM3, that could have a broader application in tumor treatment than our previous immunotoxin. In addition, we optimized a method based on electroporation by pulsed electric field (PEF) to extract the remaining intracellular protein from yeast, augmenting the production and purificiation yield. The immunotoxin specifically recognized the Tn antigen on the cell surface. We also compared the thermal stability and the cytotoxic potential of the extracellular and intracellular immunotoxins on Tn-expressing human cell lines, showing that they were similar. Moreover, the bioactivity of both immunotoxins against several Tn+ cell lines was higher than that of granulysin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Guerrero-Ochoa
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (R.I.-P.)
| | - Diederich Aguilar-Machado
- Food Technology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.A.-M.); (J.R.)
| | - Raquel Ibáñez-Pérez
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (R.I.-P.)
| | - Javier Macías-León
- Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems Institute (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.M.-L.); (R.H.-G.)
| | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems Institute (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.M.-L.); (R.H.-G.)
- ARAID Foundation, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzada (LMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Raso
- Food Technology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.A.-M.); (J.R.)
| | - Alberto Anel
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (R.I.-P.)
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Dagar VK, Khasa YP. Combined effect of gene dosage and process optimization strategies on high-level production of recombinant human interleukin-3 (hIL-3) in Pichia pastoris fed-batch culture. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:999-1009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Li Z, Zhao G, Liu H, Guo Y, Wu H, Sun X, Wu X, Zheng Z. Biotransformation of menadione to its prenylated derivative MK-3 using recombinant Pichia pastoris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 44:973-985. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Prenylated quinones, especially menaquinones, have significant physiological activities, but are arduous to synthesize efficiently. Due to the relaxed aromatic substrate specificity and prenylation regiospecificity at the ortho- site of the phenolic hydroxyl group, the aromatic prenyltransferase NovQ from Streptomyces may be useful in menaquinone synthesis from menadione. In this study, NovQ was overexpressed in Pichia pastoris. After fermentation optimization, NovQ production increased by 1617%. Then the different effects of metal ions, detergents and pH on the activity of purified NovQ were investigated to optimize the prenylation reaction. Finally, purified NovQ and cells containing NovQ were used for menadione prenylation in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Menaquinone-1 (MK-1) was detected as the only product in vitro with γ,γ-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and menadione hydroquinol substrates. MK-3 at a concentration of 90.53 mg/L was detected as the major product of whole cell catalysis with 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol and menadione hydroquinol substrates. This study realized whole cell catalysis converting menadione to menaquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhemin Li
- grid.454811.d 0000 0004 1792 7603 Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province 230031 Hefei Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Genhai Zhao
- grid.454811.d 0000 0004 1792 7603 Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province 230031 Hefei Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- grid.454811.d 0000 0004 1792 7603 Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province 230031 Hefei Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Yugang Guo
- 0000000121679639 grid.59053.3a The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China 230026 Hefei People’s Republic of China
| | - Hefang Wu
- grid.454811.d 0000 0004 1792 7603 Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province 230031 Hefei Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- grid.454811.d 0000 0004 1792 7603 Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province 230031 Hefei Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Xihua Wu
- grid.454811.d 0000 0004 1792 7603 Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province 230031 Hefei Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Zheng
- grid.454811.d 0000 0004 1792 7603 Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province 230031 Hefei Anhui People’s Republic of China
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Antimicrobial Properties of an Immunomodulator - 15 kDa Human Granulysin. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156321. [PMID: 27276051 PMCID: PMC4898823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulysin, a cationic protein expressed by human natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, is a mediator for drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and graft-versus-host disease. Some 15 kDa granulysin are processed into 9 kDa forms and sequestered in cytolytic granules, while others are constitutively secreted into body fluids. Both 9 and 15 kDa granulysin have been shown to be a serum marker for cell-mediated immunity. Furthermore, 15 kDa is able to activate monocyte differentiation. However, its antimicrobial properties have not been clearly addressed. Here, we report a novel method to prepare both the soluble 9 and 15 kDa granulysin and show that the 15 kDa form is more effective than the 9 kDa form in exerting specific antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa within a range of few micromolars. We also show that the 15 kDa granulysin is able to hyperpolarize the membrane potential and increase membrane permeability of treated bacteria. Interestingly, the bactericidal activity and membrane permeability of the granulysins were markedly reduced at lower pH (pH 5.4) as a result of probable increase in hydrophobicity of the granulysins. Additionally, we’ve also shown the granulysin to inhibit biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. These results suggest that the 15 kDa granulysin exhibits a novel mechanism in bacteria killing in a way that’s different from most antimicrobial peptides. Our novel granulysin preparation methodology will be useful for further study of action mechanisms of other antimicrobial, cytotoxic and immunomodulating properties in granulysin-mediated diseases.
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Ma J, Lu J, Huang H, Teng X, Tian M, Yu Q, Yuan X, Jing Y, Shi C, Li J, Fan X. Inhalation of recombinant adenovirus expressing granulysin protects mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Gene Ther 2015; 22:968-76. [PMID: 26181627 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Granulysin is a cytolytic molecule with perforin and granzymes that is expressed by activated human CTLs, NK and γδ T cells, and it has broad antimicrobial activity, including to drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We hypothesized that approaches facilitating the expression of granulysin in M. tuberculosis-infected host cells in the lung may provide a novel treatment strategy for pulmonary TB. In this study, a recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus serotype 5-based rAdhGLi was constructed that expressed human granulysin in the cytosol of the U937 and RAW264.7 macrophage-like cell lines as confirmed by western blotting and co-localization technology using indirect immunofluorescence staining. Ninety-six hours after both cell lines were infected with M. tuberculosis, acid-fast staining and enumeration demonstrated that rAdhGLi-treated cells had a lower colony-forming units (CFU) of intracellular bacteria than culture medium or AdNull controls. Granulysin was only expressed in the lung and not in other organs following inhalation of rAdhGLi. In particular, immunocompetent BALB/c mice or SCID mice intranasally infected with ~200 CFU of virulent M. tuberculosis H37Rv intranasally were treated with rAdhGLi, and they showed decreased bacterial loads in the lung when compared with phosphate-buffered saline or AdNull controls. Importantly, a clear dose-dependent rAdhGLi treatment efficacy was found in infected BALB/c mice, with the most significant reduction in lung bacteria obtained in BALB/c mice treated with 10(9) plaque-forming units of rAdhGLi without any pathological changes. Our study indicates that rAdhGLi may be used as a novel and efficient treatment strategy with the capability to directly kill intracellular M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Lu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - H Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - X Teng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - M Tian
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Q Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - X Yuan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Jing
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - C Shi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - X Fan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Guo Y, Wu J, Jia H, Chen W, Shao C, Zhao L, Ma J, Li R, Zhong Y, Fang F, Wang D, Sun J, Qian F, Dai X, Zhang G, Tian Z, Xiaoyi Li B, Xiao W. Balancing the Expression and Production of a Heterodimeric Protein: Recombinant Agkisacutacin as a Novel Antithrombotic Drug Candidate. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11730. [PMID: 26144864 PMCID: PMC4491848 DOI: 10.1038/srep11730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Agkisacucetin extracted from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus has been demonstrated to be a promising antithrombotic drug candidate in clinical studies due to its function as a novel platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib inhibitor. Agkisacucetin is a heterodimeric protein composed of α- and β-subunits with seven disulphide bonds. Both subunits form inactive homodimeric products, which cause difficulties for recombinant production. In this study, Agkisacucetin α- and β-subunits were inserted sequentially into the chromosome of Pichia pastoris at the mutant histidinol dehydrogenase gene and ribosomal DNA repeat sites, respectively. By optimizing the gene copies and productivity of each subunit by drug screening, we successfully obtained a recombinant strain with balanced expression of the two subunits. Using this strain, a yield greater than 100 mg/L recombinant Agkisacucetin in fed-batch fermentation was reached. The recombinant Agkisacucetin possessed extremely similar binding affinity to recombinant GPIb and human platelets in in vitro assays, and its ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation activity ex vivo was identical to that of the extracted native Agkisacucetin, demonstrating that the yeast-derived Agkisacucetin could be an effective alternative to native Agkisacucetin. Moreover, this study provides an effective strategy for balancing the expression and production of heterodimeric proteins in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Guo
- 1] The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [3] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Wu
- 1] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Jia
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- 1] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Changsheng Shao
- 1] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- 1] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajia Ma
- 1] The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [3] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Li
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yongjun Zhong
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Fang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dong Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Sun
- 1] The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [3] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Qian
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical (Hefei) Co. Ltd., Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangrong Dai
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical (Hefei) Co. Ltd., Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical (Hefei) Co. Ltd., Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- 1] The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [3] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | - Weihua Xiao
- 1] The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [3] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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