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Raheja Y, Singh V, Kaur B, Basotra N, Di Falco M, Tsang A, Singh Chadha B. Combination of system biology and classical approaches for developing biorefinery relevant lignocellulolytic Rasamsonia emersonii strain. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127039. [PMID: 35318142 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop thermophilic fungus Rasamsonia emersonii using integrated system biology tools (genomics, proteomics and transcriptional analysis) in combination with classical strain breeding approaches. Developed hyper cellulolytic mutant strain M36 showed endoglucanase (476.35 U/ml), β-glucosidase (70.54 U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (15.17 U/ml), FPase (4.89 U/ml) and xylanase (485.21 U/ml) on cellulose/gram flour based production medium. Comparison of the expression profile at proteome and transcriptional level of the developed strain and wild type parent gave detailed insight into the up-regulation of different CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH5, GH6, GH7, GH3, GH10) and auxiliary enzymes (lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, swollenin) at system level. Furthermore, the potential of lignocellulolytic enzyme produced by the developed strain and custom designed cocktail spiked with heterologously expressed lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from Mycothermus thermophiloides were analyzed for the hydrolysis of biorefinery relevant unwashed pretreated rice straw slurry (PRAJ and IOCL) @17% substrate loading rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Raheja
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Baljit Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Basotra
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Marcos Di Falco
- Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Adrian Tsang
- Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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Identification of the Talaromyces cellulolyticus Gene Encoding an Extracellular Enzyme with β-galactosidase Activity and Testing it as a Reporter for Gene Expression Assays. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:637-649. [PMID: 35059977 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Talaromyces cellulolyticus (formerly Acremonium cellulolyticus) is currently being intensively studied as a promising industrial producer of a number of secreted cellulolytic enzymes. In this study, the T. cellulolyticus gene lacA, which encodes a protein orthologous to the fungal extracellular β-galactosidases of family 35, was identified. The substitution of the lacA upstream region with a constitutive promoter demonstrated that the product of this gene is effectively secreted and possesses β-galactosidase activity. The optimal pH and temperature values for the hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside by this enzyme were determined to be pH 4.5-5.5 and 50 °C, respectively. The negligible production of β-galactosidase activity by strains expressing lacA under native regulation raises the possibility of using lacA as a reporter gene. To test this hypothesis, the native promoter of lacA was replaced with the strong inducible promoter of the T. cellulolyticus cellobiohydrolase I gene. The cultivation of the resulting strain in various media showed that the β-galactosidase activity depends on cultivation conditions similar to the cellobiohydrolase activity. Thus, the suitability of lacA as a reporter for evaluating promoters with a wide range of expression profiles was demonstrated.
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Kiesenhofer D, Mach-Aigner AR, Mach RL. Understanding the Mechanism of Carbon Catabolite Repression to Increase Protein Production in Filamentous Fungi. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27951-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Large-scale tag/PCR-based gene expression profiling. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 30:2125-39. [PMID: 24659336 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An intriguing enigma in molecular biology is how genes within a single genome are differentially expressed in different cell types of a multicellular organism, or in response to different developmental or environmental queues in a single cell type. Quantification of transcript levels on a genome-wide scale, often termed transcript profiling, provides a powerful approach to identifying protein-coding and non-coding RNAs functionally relevant to a given biological process. Indeed, transcriptome analysis has been a key area of biological inquiry for decades and successfully produced discoveries in a multitude of processes and disease states, and in an increasingly large number of organisms. The evolution of technologies with increasing levels of informational content, ranging from hybridization-based technologies such as Northern blot analysis and microarrays to tag/polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- and sequence-based technologies including differential display and SAGE, along with the next-generation sequencing, has provided hope for revealing the molecular details of biological systems as they respond to change. This review is an overview of selected high throughput tag/PCR-based methods for genome-wide expression profiling amenable to high-throughput automated operation in any standard laboratory.
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Inoue H, Decker SR, Taylor LE, Yano S, Sawayama S. Identification and characterization of core cellulolytic enzymes from Talaromyces cellulolyticus (formerly Acremonium cellulolyticus) critical for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:151. [PMID: 25342974 PMCID: PMC4196096 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass is an essential process for the production of fermentable sugars for industrial use. A better understanding of fungal cellulase systems will provide clues for maximizing the hydrolysis of target biomass. Talaromyces cellulolyticus is a promising fungus for cellulase production and efficient biomass hydrolysis. Several cellulolytic enzymes purified from T. cellulolyticus were characterized in earlier studies, but the core enzymes critical for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass remain unknown. RESULTS Six cellulolytic enzymes critical for the hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose were purified from T. cellulolyticus culture supernatant using an enzyme assay based on synergistic hydrolysis of Avicel. The purified enzymes were identified by their substrate specificities and analyses of trypsin-digested peptide fragments and were classified into the following glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families: GH3 (β-glucosidase, Bgl3A), GH5 (endoglucanase, Cel5A), GH6 (cellobiohydrolase II, Cel6A), GH7 (cellobiohydrolase I and endoglucanase, Cel7A and Cel7B, respectively), and GH10 (xylanase, Xyl10A). Hydrolysis of dilute acid-pretreated corn stover (PCS) with mixtures of the purified enzymes showed that Cel5A, Cel7B, and Xyl10A each had synergistic effects with a mixture of Cel6A and Cel7A. Cel5A seemed to be more effective in the synergistic hydrolysis of the PCS than Cel7B. The ratio of Cel5A, Cel6A, Cel7A, and Xyl10A was statistically optimized for the hydrolysis of PCS glucan in the presence of Bgl3A. The resultant mixture achieved higher PCS glucan hydrolysis at lower enzyme loading than a culture filtrate from T. cellulolyticus or a commercial enzyme preparation, demonstrating that the five enzymes play a role as core enzymes in the hydrolysis of PCS glucan. CONCLUSIONS Core cellulolytic enzymes in the T. cellulolyticus cellulase system were identified to Cel5A, Cel6A, Cel7A, Xyl10A, and Bgl3A and characterized. The optimized mixture of these five enzymes was highly effective for the hydrolysis of PCS glucan, providing a foundation for future improvement of the T. cellulolyticus cellulase system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Inoue
- />Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan
| | - Stephen R Decker
- />Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Larry E Taylor
- />Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Shinichi Yano
- />Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan
| | - Shigeki Sawayama
- />Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
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Jiménez DJ, Dini-Andreote F, van Elsas JD. Metataxonomic profiling and prediction of functional behaviour of wheat straw degrading microbial consortia. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:92. [PMID: 24955113 PMCID: PMC4064818 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixed microbial cultures, in which bacteria and fungi interact, have been proposed as an efficient way to deconstruct plant waste. The characterization of specific microbial consortia could be the starting point for novel biotechnological applications related to the efficient conversion of lignocellulose to cello-oligosaccharides, plastics and/or biofuels. Here, the diversity, composition and predicted functional profiles of novel bacterial-fungal consortia are reported, on the basis of replicated aerobic wheat straw enrichment cultures. RESULTS In order to set up biodegradative microcosms, microbial communities were retrieved from a forest soil and introduced into a mineral salt medium containing 1% of (un)treated wheat straw. Following each incubation step, sequential transfers were carried out using 1 to 1,000 dilutions. The microbial source next to three sequential batch cultures (transfers 1, 3 and 10) were analyzed by bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS1 pyrosequencing. Faith's phylogenetic diversity values became progressively smaller from the inoculum to the sequential batch cultures. Moreover, increases in the relative abundances of Enterobacteriales, Pseudomonadales, Flavobacteriales and Sphingobacteriales were noted along the enrichment process. Operational taxonomic units affiliated with Acinetobacter johnsonii, Pseudomonas putida and Sphingobacterium faecium were abundant and the underlying strains were successfully isolated. Interestingly, Klebsiella variicola (OTU1062) was found to dominate in both consortia, whereas K. variicola-affiliated strains retrieved from untreated wheat straw consortia showed endoglucanase/xylanase activities. Among the fungal players with high biotechnological relevance, we recovered members of the genera Penicillium, Acremonium, Coniochaeta and Trichosporon. Remarkably, the presence of peroxidases, alpha-L-fucosidases, beta-xylosidases, beta-mannases and beta-glucosidases, involved in lignocellulose degradation, was indicated by predictive bacterial metagenome reconstruction. Reassuringly, tests for specific (hemi)cellulolytic enzymatic activities, performed on the consortial secretomes, confirmed the presence of such gene functions. CONCLUSION In an in-depth characterization of two wheat straw degrading microbial consortia, we revealed the enrichment and selection of specific bacterial and fungal taxa that were presumably involved in (hemi) cellulose degradation. Interestingly, the microbial community composition was strongly influenced by the wheat straw pretreatment. Finally, the functional bacterial-metagenome prediction and the evaluation of enzymatic activities (at the consortial secretomes) revealed the presence and enrichment of proteins involved in the deconstruction of plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Javier Jiménez
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), University of Groningen (RUG), Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), University of Groningen (RUG), Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Dirk van Elsas
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), University of Groningen (RUG), Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Fujii T, Hoshino T, Inoue H, Yano S. Taxonomic revision of the cellulose-degrading fungus Acremonium cellulolyticus nomen nudum to Talaromyces based on phylogenetic analysis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 351:32-41. [PMID: 24313660 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellulase-producing fungal strain Y-94, isolated in Japan and invalidly described as Acremonium cellulolyticus nom. nud. strain Y-94, seldom forms enteroarthric conidia under nutrient starvation conditions. Phylogenetic analysis using ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and RNA polymerase II large subunit gene sequences revealed that strain Y-94 is closely related to Talaromyces, given that these Y-94 sequences showed 100% identity with those of Talaromyces pinophilus NBRC 100533T . By contrast, the identity between β-tubulin-encoding genes from strain Y-94 and T. pinophilus NBRC 100533T was 98.1%. Morphological and phenotypic differences between these strains in colony color, conidiophore formation, and cellulase productivity were observed. Together, these data indicated that strain Y-94 belonged to the genus Talaromyces. We propose that strain Y-94 is a new species, Talaromyces cellulolyticus, on the basis of morphology and molecular evidence. The ex-holotype is Y-94 (= FERM BP-5826, CBS 136886 [holotype] TNS-F-48752).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Fujii
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Inoue H, Fujii T, Yoshimi M, Taylor LE, Decker SR, Kishishita S, Nakabayashi M, Ishikawa K. Construction of a starch-inducible homologous expression system to produce cellulolytic enzymes from Acremonium cellulolyticus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:823-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A starch-inducible homologous expression system in Acremonium cellulolyticus was constructed to successfully produce recombinant cellulolytic enzymes. A. cellulolyticus Y-94 produced amylolytic enzymes and cellulolytic enzymes as major proteins in the culture supernatant when grown with soluble starch (SS) and Solka–Flock cellulose (SF), respectively. To isolate a strong starch-inducible promoter, glucoamylase (GlaA), which belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 15, was purified from the SS culture of Y-94, and its gene was identified in the genome sequence. The 1.4-kb promoter and 0.4-kb terminator regions of glaA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and used in the construction of a plasmid that drives the expression of the cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) gene from A. cellulolyticus. The resultant expression plasmid, containing pyrF as a selection marker, was randomly integrated into the genome of the A. cellulolyticus Y-94 uracil auxotroph. The prototrophic transformant, Y203, produced recombinant Cel7A as an extracellular protein under control of the glaA promoter in the SS culture. Recombinant and wild-type Cel7A were purified from the SS culture of Y203 and the SF culture of A. cellulolyticus CF-2612, respectively. Both enzymes were found to have the same apparent molecular weight (60 kDa), thermostability (T m 67.0 °C), and optimum pH (pH 4.5), and showed similar catalytic properties for soluble and insoluble substrates. These results suggest that the A. cellulolyticus starch-inducible expression system will be helpful for characterization and improvement of fungal cellulolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Inoue
- grid.208504.b 0000000122307538 Biomass Refinery Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 3-11-32 Kagamiyama 739-0046 Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- grid.208504.b 0000000122307538 Biomass Refinery Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 3-11-32 Kagamiyama 739-0046 Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
| | - Miho Yoshimi
- grid.208504.b 0000000122307538 Biomass Refinery Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 3-11-32 Kagamiyama 739-0046 Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
| | - Larry E Taylor
- grid.419357.d 0000000121993636 Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway 80401 Golden CO USA
| | - Stephen R Decker
- grid.419357.d 0000000121993636 Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway 80401 Golden CO USA
| | - Seiichiro Kishishita
- grid.208504.b 0000000122307538 Biomass Refinery Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 3-11-32 Kagamiyama 739-0046 Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
| | - Makoto Nakabayashi
- grid.208504.b 0000000122307538 Biomass Refinery Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 3-11-32 Kagamiyama 739-0046 Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishikawa
- grid.208504.b 0000000122307538 Biomass Refinery Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 3-11-32 Kagamiyama 739-0046 Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
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