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Huang JP, Yun ST, Zhao JX, Wang XT, Wang XC, Guo XY, San DM, Zhou YX. The two-step strategy for enhancing the specific activity and thermostability of alginate lyase AlyG2 with mechanism for improved thermostability. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132685. [PMID: 38823749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
To overcome the trade-off challenge encountered in the engineering of alginate lyase AlyG2 from Seonamhaeicola algicola Gy8T and to expand its potential industrial applications, we devised a two-step strategy encompassing activity enhancement followed by thermal stability engineering. To enhance the specific activity of efficient AlyG2, we strategically substituted residues with bulky steric hindrance proximal to the active pocket with glycine or alanine. This led to the generation of three promising positive mutants, with particular emphasis on the T91S mutant, exhibiting a 1.91-fold specific activity compared to the wild type. To mitigate the poor thermal stability of T91S, mutants with negative ΔΔG values in the thermal flexibility region were screened out. Notably, the S72Ya mutant not only displayed 17.96 % further increase in specific activity but also exhibited improved stability compared to T91S, manifesting as a remarkable 30.97 % increase in relative activity following a 1-hour incubation at 42 °C. Furthermore, enhanced kinetic stability was observed. To gain deeper insights into the mechanism underlying the enhanced thermostability of the S72Ya mutant, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations, principal component analysis (PCA), dynamic cross-correlation map (DCCM), and free energy landscape (FEL) analysis. The results unveiled a reduction in the flexibility of the surface loop, a stronger correlation dynamic and a narrower motion subspace in S72Ya system, along with the formation of more stable hydrogen bonds. Collectively, our findings suggest amino acids substitutions resulting in smaller side chains proximate to the active site can positively impact enzyme activity, while reducing the flexibility of surface loops emerges as a pivotal factor in conferring thermal stability. These insights offer valuable guidance and a framework for the engineering of other enzyme types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Huang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Shuai-Ting Yun
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Jin-Xin Zhao
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Xue-Ting Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Guo
- SDU-ANU joint science college, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Dong-Mei San
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhou
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
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2
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Amoah AS, Pestov NB, Korneenko TV, Prokhorenko IA, Kurakin GF, Barlev NA. Lipoxygenases at the Intersection of Infection and Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3961. [PMID: 38612771 PMCID: PMC11011848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The persisting presence of opportunistic pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a significant threat to many immunocompromised cancer patients with pulmonary infections. This review highlights the complexity of interactions in the host's defensive eicosanoid signaling network and its hijacking by pathogenic bacteria to their own advantage. Human lipoxygenases (ALOXs) and their mouse counterparts are integral elements of the innate immune system, mostly operating in the pro-inflammatory mode. Taking into account the indispensable role of inflammation in carcinogenesis, lipoxygenases have counteracting roles in this process. In addition to describing the structure-function of lipoxygenases in this review, we discuss their roles in such critical processes as cancer cell signaling, metastases, death of cancer and immune cells through ferroptosis, as well as the roles of ALOXs in carcinogenesis promoted by pathogenic infections. Finally, we discuss perspectives of novel oncotherapeutic approaches to harness lipoxygenase signaling in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Saleem Amoah
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia; (A.-S.A.); (N.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Nikolay B. Pestov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia; (A.-S.A.); (N.A.B.)
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia; (T.V.K.); (I.A.P.)
- Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides, Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow 108819, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Korneenko
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia; (T.V.K.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Igor A. Prokhorenko
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia; (T.V.K.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Georgy F. Kurakin
- Department of Biochemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117513, Russia;
| | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia; (A.-S.A.); (N.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides, Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow 108819, Russia
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3
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Yang P, Wang X, Ye J, Rao S, Zhou J, Du G, Liu S. Enhanced Thermostability and Catalytic Activity of Streptomyces mobaraenesis Transglutaminase by Rationally Engineering Its Flexible Regions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6366-6375. [PMID: 37039372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces mobaraenesis transglutaminase can catalyze the cross-linking of proteins, which has been widely used in food processing. In this study, we rationally modified flexible regions to further improve the thermostability of FRAPD-TGm2 (S2P-S23V-Y24N-E28T-S199A-A265P-A287P-K294L), a stable mutant of the transglutaminase constructed in our previous study. First, five flexible regions of FRAPD-TGm2 were identified by molecular dynamics simulations at 330 and 360 K. Second, a script based on Rosetta Cartesian_ddg was developed for virtual saturation mutagenesis within the flexible regions far from the substrate binding pocket, generating the top 18 mutants with remarkable decreases in folding free energy. Third, from the top 18 mutants, we identified two mutants (S116A and S179L) with increased thermostability and activity. Finally, the above favorable mutations were combined to obtain FRAPD-TGm2-S116A-S179L (FRAPD-TGm2A), exhibiting a half-life of 132.38 min at 60 °C (t1/2(60 °C)) and a specific activity of 79.15 U/mg, 84 and 21% higher than those of FRAPD-TGm2, respectively. Therefore, the current result may benefit the application of S. mobaraenesis transglutaminase at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biorheology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biorheology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiacai Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biorheology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shengqi Rao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biorheology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biorheology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Song Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biorheology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Bacterial lipoxygenases: Biochemical characteristics, molecular structure and potential applications. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108046. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Current Status of Mining, Modification, and Application of Cellulases in Bioactive Substance Extraction. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:687-703. [PMID: 34287263 PMCID: PMC8929041 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulases have been used to extract bioactive ingredients from medical plants; however, the poor enzymatic properties of current cellulases significantly limit their application. Two strategies are expected to address this concern: (1) new cellulase gene mining strategies have been promoted, optimized, and integrated, thanks to the improvement of gene sequencing, genomic data, and algorithm optimization, and (2) known cellulases are being modified, thanks to the development of protein engineering, crystal structure data, and computing power. Here, we focus on mining strategies and provide a systemic overview of two approaches based on sequencing and function. Strategies based on protein structure modification, such as introducing disulfide bonds, proline, salt bridges, N-glycosylation modification, and truncation of loop structures, have already been summarized. This review discusses four aspects of cellulase-assisted extraction. Initially, cellulase alone was used to extract bioactive substances, and later, mixed enzyme systems were developed. Physical methods such as ultrasound, microwave, and high hydrostatic pressure have assisted in improving extraction efficiency. Cellulase changes the structure of biomolecules during the extraction process to convert them into effective ingredients with better activity and bioavailability. The combination of cellulase with other enzymes and physical technologies is a promising strategy for future extraction applications.
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6
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Lu J, Zhang C, Leong HY, Show PL, Lu F, Lu Z. Overproduction of lipoxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Escherichia coli by auto-induction expression and its application in triphenylmethane dyes degradation. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 129:327-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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7
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Feng Y, Liu S, Pang C, Gao H, Wang M, Du G. Improvement of catalytic efficiency and thermal stability of l-asparaginase from Bacillus subtilis 168 through reducing the flexibility of the highly flexible loop at N-terminus. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Liu L, Yu H, Du K, Wang Z, Gan Y, Huang H. Enhanced trypsin thermostability in Pichia pastoris through truncating the flexible region. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:165. [PMID: 30359279 PMCID: PMC6201580 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High thermostability is required for trypsin to have wider industrial applications. Target mutagenesis at flexible regions has been proved to be an efficient protein engineering method to enhance the protein thermostability. Results The flexible regions in porcine trypsin were predicted using the methods including molecular dynamic simulation, FlexPred, and FoldUnfold. The amino acids 78–90 was predicted to be the highly flexible region simultaneously by the three methods and hence selected to be the mutation target. We constructed five variants (D3, D5, D7, D9, and D11) by truncating the region. And the variant D9 showed higher thermostability, with a 5 °C increase in Topt, 5.8 °C rise in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$T_{50}^{10}$$\end{document}T5010, and a 4.5 °C rise in Tm, compared to the wild-type. Moreover, the half-life value of the variant D9 was also found to be dramatically improved by 46 min. Circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence indicated that the structures had no significant change between the variant D9 and the wild-type. The surface hydrophobicity of D9 was measured to be lower than that of wild-type, indicating the increased hydrophobic interaction, which could have contributed to the improved thermostability of D9. Conclusions These results showed that the thermostability of variant D9 was increased. The variant D9 could be expected to be a promising tool enzyme for its wider industrial applications. The method of truncating the flexible region used in our study has the potential to be used for enhancing the thermostability of other proteins. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-1012-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Kun Du
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yiru Gan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China. .,Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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9
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10
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Wu YR, Zhou ZR, Zhao M, Lin B, Zhong M, Hu Z. Molecular characterization of the thermostability and carbohydrate-binding module from a newly identified GH118 family agarase, AgaXa. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Deschamps JD, Ogunsola AF, Jameson JB, Yasgar A, Flitter BA, Freedman CJ, Melvin JA, Nguyen JVMH, Maloney DJ, Jadhav A, Simeonov A, Bomberger JM, Holman TR. Biochemical and Cellular Characterization and Inhibitor Discovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15-Lipoxygenase. Biochemistry 2016; 55:3329-40. [PMID: 27226387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause nosocomial and chronic infections in immunocompromised patients. P. aeruginosa secretes a lipoxygenase, LoxA, but the biological role of this enzyme is currently unknown. LoxA is poorly similar in sequence to both soybean LOX-1 (s15-LOX-1) and human 15-LOX-1 (37 and 39%, respectively) yet has kinetics comparably fast versus those of s15-LOX-1 (at pH 6.5, Kcat = 181 ± 6 s(-1) and Kcat/KM = 16 ± 2 μM(-1) s(-1)). LoxA is capable of efficiently catalyzing the peroxidation of a broad range of free fatty acid (FA) substrates (e.g., AA and LA) with high positional specificity, indicating a 15-LOX. Its mechanism includes hydrogen atom abstraction [a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of >30], yet LoxA is a poor catalyst against phosphoester FAs, suggesting that LoxA is not involved in membrane decomposition. LoxA also does not react with 5- or 15-HETEs, indicating poor involvement in lipoxin production. A LOX high-throughput screen of the LOPAC library yielded a variety of low-micromolar inhibitors; however, none selectively targeted LoxA over the human LOX isozymes. With respect to cellular activity, the level of LoxA expression is increased when P. aeruginosa undergoes the transition to a biofilm mode of growth, but LoxA is not required for biofilm growth on abiotic surfaces. However, LoxA does appear to be required for biofilm growth in association with the host airway epithelium, suggesting a role for LoxA in mediating bacterium-host interactions during colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Deschamps
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Abiola F Ogunsola
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - J Brian Jameson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Adam Yasgar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Becca A Flitter
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Cody J Freedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Melvin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Jason V M H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - David J Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jennifer M Bomberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Enhancing the thermal tolerance of a cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase via combining directed evolution with various semi-rational redesign methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Li SF, Xu JY, Bao YJ, Zheng HC, Song H. Structure and sequence analysis-based engineering of pullulanase from Anoxybacillus sp. LM18-11 for improved thermostability. J Biotechnol 2015; 210:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.06.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yang G, Xie Y, Xu L, An J, Cui L, Feng Y. Modulation of the thermostability and substrate specificity of Candida rugosa lipase1 by altering the acyl-binding residue Gly414 at the α-helix-connecting bend. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 82:34-41. [PMID: 26672446 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Candida rugosa Lipase1 (LIP1) is widely used in industrial applications. Optimizing its catalytic performance is still a challenging goal for protein engineers. Mutagenesis of key residues in the active site of the enzyme may provide an effective strategy for enhancing stability and altering substrate specificity. In this study, multiple sequence alignment and structural analysis revealed that the acyl-binding residue, Gly414, of LIP1, which is located at a bend connecting α-helixes, was the non-conserved residue in five other isoenzymes. Using saturation mutagenesis, four mutants with improved stability (G414A, G414M, G414H and G414W) were obtained. Compared to the wild type, the best mutant (G414W) exhibited a remarkable 6.5-fold enhancement in half-life at 60 °C and a 14 °C higher T50(15). Its optimum temperature was increased by 15 °C. Simultaneously, G414W displayed a shift in substrate preference from medium-chain to short-chain pNP-ester. Modeling analysis showed that the multiple interactions formed by hydrophobic clusters and hydrogen bonds in the acyl-binding tunnel might lead to the observed thermostability improvement. Additionally, the bulky tryptophan substitution formed a strong steric hindrance to the accommodation of long-chain substrates in the tunnel. These results indicate that the key acyl-binding residues at the α-helix-connecting bend could mediate enzyme stability and catalytic substrate spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guangyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing (SCICB), East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lishi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiao An
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Li Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Nisha M, Satyanarayana T. Characteristics of thermostable amylopullulanase of Geobacillus thermoleovorans and its truncated variants. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 76:279-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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17
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The role of N1 domain on the activity, stability, substrate specificity and raw starch binding of amylopullulanase of the extreme thermophile Geobacillus thermoleovorans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5461-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Gao X, Liu Z, Cui W, Zhou L, Tian Y, Zhou Z. Enhanced thermal stability and hydrolytic ability of Bacillus subtilis aminopeptidase by removing the thermal sensitive domain in the non-catalytic region. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92357. [PMID: 24633010 PMCID: PMC3954873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the catalytic ability, many enzymes contain conserved domains to perform some other physiological functions. However, sometimes these conserved domains were unnecessary or even detrimental to the catalytic process for industrial application of the enzymes. In this study, based on homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations, we found that Bacillus subtilis aminopeptidase contained a thermal sensitive domain (protease-associated domain) in the non-catalytic region, and predicted that deletion of this flexible domain can enhance the structure stability. This prediction was then verified by the deletion of protease-associated domain from the wild-type enzyme. The thermal stability analysis showed that deletion of this domain improved the T50 (the temperature required to reduce initial activity by 50% in 30 min) of the enzyme from 71 °C to 77 °C. The melting temperature (Tm) of the enzyme also increased, which was measured by thermal denaturation experiments using circular dichroism spectroscopy. Further studies indicated that this deletion did not affect the activity and specificity of the enzyme toward aminoacyl-p-nitroanilines, but improved its hydrolytic ability toward a 12-aa-long peptide (LKRLKRFLKRLK) and soybean protein. These findings suggested the possibility of a simple technique for enzyme modification and the artificial enzyme obtained here was more suitable for the protein hydrolysis in food industry than the wild-type enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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