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Wong Min M, Liu L, Karboune S. Investigating the Potential of Phenolic Compounds and Carbohydrates as Acceptor Substrates for Levansucrase-Catalyzed Transfructosylation Reaction. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400107. [PMID: 38536122 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study characterizes the acceptor specificity of levansucrases (LSs) from Gluconobacter oxydans (LS1), Vibrio natriegens (LS2), Novosphingobium aromaticivorans (LS3), and Paraburkholderia graminis (LS4) using sucrose as fructosyl donor and selected phenolic compounds and carbohydrates as acceptors. Overall, V. natriegens LS2 proved to be the best biocatalyst for the transfructosylation of phenolic compounds. More than one fructosyl unit could be attached to fructosylated phenolic compounds. The transfructosylation of epicatechin by P. graminis LS4 resulted in the most diversified products, with up to five fructosyl units transferred. In addition to the LS source, the acceptor specificity of LS towards phenolic compounds and their transfructosylation products were found to greatly depend on their chemical structure: the number of phenolic rings, the reactivity of hydroxyl groups and the presence of aliphatic chains or methoxy groups. Similarly, for carbohydrates, the transfructosylation yield was dependent on both the LS source and the acceptor type. The highest yield of fructosylated-trisaccharides was Erlose from the transfructosylation of maltose catalyzed by LS2, with production reaching 200 g/L. LS2 was more selective towards the transfructosylation of phenolic compounds and carbohydrates, while reactions catalyzed by LS1, LS3 and LS4 also produced fructooligosaccharides. This study shows the high potential for the application of LSs in the glycosylation of phenolic compounds and carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Wong Min
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111, Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111, Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111, Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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Yang X, Zeng D, Li C, Yu W, Xie G, Zhang Y, Lu W. Therapeutic potential and mechanism of functional oligosaccharides in inflammatory bowel disease: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Bahlawan R, Karboune S, Liu L, Sahyoun AM. Investigation of biocatalytic production of lactosucrose and fructooligosaccharides using levansucrases and dairy by-products as starting materials. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 169:110279. [PMID: 37321016 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Selected levansucrases (LSs) were investigated for their ability to catalyze the transfructosylation of lactose/sucrose into lactosucrose and fructooligosaccharides (FOSs). Additionally, dairy by-products, including whey permeate (WP) and milk permeate (MP), were assessed for their effectiveness as lactose sources. LSs from Gluconobacter oxydans (LS1), Vibrio natriegens (LS2), Novosphingobium aromaticivorans (LS3), and Burkholderia graminis (LS4) were utilized in three transfructosylation reactions that combined sucrose with either lactose, WP, or MP. All LSs demonstrated a higher transfructosylation activity than hydrolytic one, except for V. natriegens LS2 in the presence of sucrose and MP/sucrose. Furthermore, the bioconversion efficiency of lactose/sucrose into lactosucrose and FOSs exhibited varying time courses and end-product profiles. Both the acceptor specificity of LS and the thermodynamic equilibrium of its reaction modulated the end-product profile. V. natriegens LS2 resulted in the highest lactosucrose production of 328 and 251 g/L with lactose/sucrose and WP/sucrose, respectively. Our results revealed the potential of LS-catalyzed transfructosylation for the biocatalytic production of both lactosucrose and FOSs from abundant biomasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Bahlawan
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Amal M Sahyoun
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
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Liu J, Ma Y, Zhang M, Lai T, Wang Y, Yang Z. Biosynthesis of lactosucrose by a new source of β-fructofuranosidase from Bacillus methanolicus LB-1. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:118-126. [PMID: 36564253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lactosucrose (LS) is a prebiotic trisaccharide enzymatically synthesized by transglycosylation from lactose and sucrose with beneficial health effect. The β-fructofuranosidase used for synthesis of LS was produced from Bacillus methanolicus LB-1, which was isolated from traditional rice wine. A maximal yield of 8.63 U/mL of the enzyme was obtained by fermentation with B. methanolicus LB-1 under the optimized conditions: 10 g/L of glucose, 5 g/L of yeast extract, initial medium pH at 7.0, 37 °C, 24 h. The enzyme was purified and identified by ammonium sulfate fractional precipitation, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography and LC-MS, and SDS-PAGE of the purified enzyme showed a major protein band at 45 kDa. Biosynthesis of LS was performed using the purified β-fructofuranosidase, and production of LS reached 110 g/L under the optimized reaction conditions: pH at 7.0, 37 °C, 6.0 U/g sucrose of enzyme, 15% of sucrose, 15% of lactose, 28 h. HPLC analysis of the reaction products showed a distinct peak for LS at about 30 min of elution, confirming that B. methanolicus LB-1 β-fructofuranosidase had effective transfructosylation activity. Therefore, this new microbial source of β-fructofuranosidase may be a candidate with potential application prospect in biosynthesis of prebiotic LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yimiao Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Primary Processing, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, MARA, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Tiantian Lai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhennai Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Bahlawan R, Karboune S. The preparation of two immobilized levansucrase biocatalysts and their application for the synthesis of lactosucrose. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Woodbury TJ, Mauer LJ. Oligosaccharides elevate the gelatinization temperature of wheat starch more than sucrose, paving the way for their use in reduced sugar starch-based formulations. Food Funct 2022; 13:10248-10264. [PMID: 36124951 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01779b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The gelatinization of wheat starch influences the final structure and texture of baked goods. Sucrose effectively elevates the gelatinization temperature (Tgel) of starch more than many sweeteners, and maintaining a higher Tgel has been a challenge while reducing the amount of sucrose in baked goods. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of 14 different oligosaccharides (OS: maltose, isomaltulose, kestose, maltotriose, melezitose, raffinose, stachyose, a fructo-OS, a galacto-OS, an isomalto-OS, lactosucrose, a xylo-OS, and two glucose-based dextrins), allulose, and sucrose at different concentrations (0 to 60% w/w) on the Tgel of wheat starch using DSC, and to determine which OS physicochemical properties best explained the Tgel results. OS type and concentration significantly altered Tgel. Many OS elevated the Tgel as much as or more than sucrose at the same solution concentrations, while allulose did not. The onset Tgel in water was 60 °C, in 60% sucrose was 96 °C, in 60% allulose was 80 °C, and Tgel increased up to 107-108 °C in 60% fructo-OS and Nutriose® solutions. The effects of OS on Tgel correlated most strongly (r > 0.95) with two OS solution parameters: the solvent effective volume fraction (ϕw,eff, related to solute intermolecular hydrogen bond density) and solution viscosity, to a lesser extent with solution water activity, and not to the glass transition temperature of the OS. Based on Tgel elevation, many of the OS are promising sucrose replacements in baked goods, which could facilitate their use in desirable higher fiber, reduced sugar starch-based baked product formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travest J Woodbury
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Lisa J Mauer
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Prebiotics as a Tool for the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes: Classification and Ability to Modulate the Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116097. [PMID: 35682774 PMCID: PMC9181475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity are metabolic diseases that have become alarming conditions in recent decades. Their rate of increase is becoming a growing concern worldwide. Recent studies have established that the composition and dysfunction of the gut microbiota are associated with the development of diabetes. For this reason, strategies such as the use of prebiotics to improve intestinal microbial structure and function have become popular. Consumption of prebiotics for modulating the gut microbiota results in the production of microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids that play essential roles in reducing blood glucose levels, mitigating insulin resistance, reducing inflammation, and promoting the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 in the host, and this accounts for the observed remission of metabolic diseases. Prebiotics can be either naturally extracted from non-digestible carbohydrate materials or synthetically produced. In this review, we discussed current findings on how the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites may influence host metabolism to promote health. We provided evidence from various studies that show the ability of prebiotic consumption to alter gut microbial profile, improve gut microbial metabolism and functions, and improve host physiology to alleviate diabetes and obesity. We conclude among other things that the application of systems biology coupled with bioinformatics could be essential in ascertaining the exact mechanisms behind the prebiotic–gut microbe–host interactions required for diabetes and obesity improvement.
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Ni D, Chen Z, Tian Y, Xu W, Zhang W, Kim BG, Mu W. Comprehensive utilization of sucrose resources via chemical and biotechnological processes: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:107990. [PMID: 35640819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose, one of the most widespread disaccharides in nature, has been available in daily human life for many centuries. As an abundant and cheap sweetener, sucrose plays an essential role in our diet and the food industry. However, it has been determined that many diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, etc., directly relate to the overconsumption of sucrose. It arouses many explorations for the conversion of sucrose to high-value chemicals. Production of valuable substances from sucrose by chemical methods has been studied since a half-century ago. Compared to chemical processes, biotechnological conversion approaches of sucrose are more environmentally friendly. Many enzymes can use sucrose as the substrate to generate functional sugars, especially those from GH68, GH70, GH13, and GH32 families. In this review, enzymatic catalysis and whole-cell fermentation of sucrose for the production of valuable chemicals were reviewed. The multienzyme cascade catalysis and metabolic engineering strategies were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuqing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Novel and emerging prebiotics: Advances and opportunities. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 95:41-95. [PMID: 33745516 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Consumers are conscientiously changing their eating preferences toward healthier options, such as functional foods enriched with pre- and probiotics. Prebiotics are attractive bioactive compounds with multidimensional beneficial action on both human and animal health, namely on the gastrointestinal tract, cardiometabolism, bones or mental health. Conventionally, prebiotics are non-digestible carbohydrates which generally present favorable organoleptic properties, temperature and acidic stability, and are considered interesting food ingredients. However, according to the current definition of prebiotics, application categories other than food are accepted, as well as non-carbohydrate substrates and bioactivity at extra-intestinal sites. Regulatory issues are considered a major concern for prebiotics since a clear understanding and application of these compounds among the consumers, regulators, scientists, suppliers or manufacturers, health-care providers and standards or recommendation-setting organizations are of utmost importance. Prebiotics can be divided in several categories according to their development and regulatory status. Inulin, galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides and lactulose are generally classified as well established prebiotics. Xylooligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, chitooligosaccharides and lactosucrose are classified as "emerging" prebiotics, while raffinose, neoagaro-oligosaccharides and epilactose are "under development." Other substances, such as human milk oligosaccharides, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, protein hydrolysates and peptides are considered "new candidates." This chapter will encompass actual information about the non-established prebiotics, mainly their physicochemical properties, market, legislation, biological activity and possible applications. Generally, there is a lack of clear demonstrations about the effective health benefits associated with all the non-established prebiotics. Overcoming this limitation will undoubtedly increase the demand for these compounds and their market size will follow the consumer's trend.
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Liu M, Cai M, Ding P. Oligosaccharides from Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines: A Review of Chemical Diversity and Biological Activities. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:577-608. [PMID: 33730992 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Most of traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) substances come from medicinal plants, among which oligosaccharides have gradually attracted widespread attention at home and abroad due to their important biological activities and great medicinal potential. Numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments exhibited that oligosaccharides possess various activities, such as antitumor, anti-oxidation, modulate the gut microflora, anti-inflammatory, anti-infection, and immune-regulatory activities. Generally, biological activities are closely related to chemical structures, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bond connection, etc. The structural analysis of oligosaccharides is an important basis for studying their structure-activity relationship, but the structural diversity and complexity of carbohydrate compounds limit the study of oligosaccharides activities. Understanding the structures and biological functions of oligosaccharides is important for the development of new bioactive substances with natural oligosaccharides. This review provides a systematic introduction of the current knowledge of the chemical structures and biological activities of oligosaccharides. Most importantly, the reported chemical characteristics and biological activities of the famous TCHM oligosaccharides were briefly summarized, including Morinda officinalis, Rehmannia glutinosa, Arctium lappa, Polygala tenuifolia, Panax ginseng, Lycium barbarum and Astragalus membranaceus. TCHM oligosaccharides play an important role in nutrition, health care, disease diagnosis and prevention as well as have broad application prospects in the field of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ping Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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Long J, Pan T, Xie Z, Xu X, Jin Z. Co-immobilization of β-fructofuranosidase and glucose oxidase improves the stability of Bi-enzymes and the production of lactosucrose. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Thøgersen MS, Christensen SJ, Jepsen M, Pedersen LH, Stougaard P. Transglycosylating β-d-galactosidase and α-l-fucosidase from Paenibacillus sp. 3179 from a hot spring in East Greenland. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e980. [PMID: 31868312 PMCID: PMC7066462 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal springs are excellent locations for discovery of thermostable microorganisms and enzymes. In this study, we identify a novel thermotolerant bacterial strain related to Paenibacillus dendritiformis, denoted Paenibacillus sp. 3179, which was isolated from a thermal spring in East Greenland. A functional expression library of the strain was constructed, and the library screened for β-d-galactosidase and α-l-fucosidase activities on chromogenic substrates. This identified two genes encoding a β-d-galactosidase and an α-l-fucosidase, respectively. The enzymes were recombinantly expressed, purified, and characterized using oNPG (2-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside) and pNP-fucose (4-nitrophenyl-α-l-fucopyranoside), respectively. The enzymes were shown to have optimal activity at 50°C and pH 7-8, and they were able to hydrolyze as well as transglycosylate natural carbohydrates. The transglycosylation activities were investigated using TLC and HPLC, and the β-d-galactosidase was shown to produce the galactooligosaccharides (GOS) 6'-O-galactosyllactose and 3'-O-galactosyllactose using lactose as substrate, whereas the α-l-fucosidase was able to transfer the fucose moiety from pNP-fuc to lactose, thereby forming 2'-O-fucosyllactose. Since enzymes that are able to transglycosylate carbohydrates at elevated temperature are desirable in many industrial processes, including food and dairy production, we foresee the potential use of enzymes from Paenibacillus sp. 3179 in the production of, for example, instant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane S. Thøgersen
- University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
- Present address:
Aarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | - Stefan J. Christensen
- University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
- Present address:
Roskilde UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | - Morten Jepsen
- University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
- Present address:
Novo Nordisk A/SBagsværdDenmark
| | | | - Peter Stougaard
- University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
- Present address:
Aarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
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The Structure of Sucrose-Soaked Levansucrase Crystals from Erwinia tasmaniensis reveals a Binding Pocket for Levanbiose. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010083. [PMID: 31877648 PMCID: PMC6981717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Given its potential role in the synthesis of novel prebiotics and applications in the pharmaceutical industry, a strong interest has developed in the enzyme levansucrase (LSC, EC 2.4.1.10). LSC catalyzes both the hydrolysis of sucrose (or sucroselike substrates) and the transfructosylation of a wide range of acceptors. LSC from the Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia tasmaniensis (EtLSC) is an interesting biocatalyst due to its high-yield production of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs). In order to learn more about the process of chain elongation, we obtained the crystal structure of EtLSC in complex with levanbiose (LBS). LBS is an FOS intermediate formed during the synthesis of longer-chain FOSs and levan. Analysis of the LBS binding pocket revealed that its structure was conserved in several related species. The binding pocket discovered in this crystal structure is an ideal target for future mutagenesis studies in order to understand its biological relevance and to engineer LSCs into tailored products.
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Xiao Y, Chen Q, Guang C, Zhang W, Mu W. An overview on biological production of functional lactose derivatives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3683-3691. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Reyes-Becerril M, Guardiola FA, Sanchez V, Maldonado M, Angulo C. Sterigmatomyces halophilus β-glucan improves the immune response and bacterial resistance in Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) peripheral blood leucocytes: In vitro study. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:392-403. [PMID: 29684606 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucans are naturally occurring polysaccharides that are produced by bacteria, fungi and yeast. They are considered immunostimulants in fish acting on non-specific defense mechanism. Yeast-derived glucans from cell wall (Sterigmatomyces halophilus, β-Gluc/Sh) have been used for this purpose in this study. Therefore, an in vitro assay using peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) from Pacific red snapper was performed to evaluate the stimulant effects of β-Gluc/Sh and zymosan A (positive control) for 12 and 24 h and after bacterial challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila at 24 h. In addition, structural characterization of this marine yeast glucan was performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealing structures containing (1-6)-branched (1-3)-β-D-glucan. PBLs responded positively to β-Gluc/Sh where cell viability was higher than 80%. After challenge, β-Gluc/Sh was able to inhibit cytotoxicity caused by A. hydrophila, highlighting that the PBLs incubated with β-Gluc/Sh significantly increased the non-specific immune response, such as phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, nitric oxide and peroxidase activities followed by an increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities after 12 and 24 h post-stimulation and after challenge with the pathogen. Regarding induction of antioxidant gene expression, it was more pronounced in stimulated β-Gluc/Sh leucocytes compared to other groups at all experimental times of the trial and after bacterial challenge. Indeed, our results clearly showed the ability of leucocytes to strongly react to β-Gluc/Sh with an increase in cytokine gene expression, particularly the IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-17 genes. These results confirm that S. halophilus yeast-derived β-glucan, isolated from an extreme marine environment, is beneficial for increasing innate immune response and enhancing resistance against A. hydrophila in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal
| | - Veronica Sanchez
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Minerva Maldonado
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico.
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Synthesis of Lactosucrose Using a Recombinant Levansucrase from Brenneria goodwinii. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:292-305. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Prebiotic Oligosaccharides: Special Focus on Fructooligosaccharides, Its Biosynthesis and Bioactivity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:613-635. [PMID: 28948462 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial groups in the gut ecosystem play key role in the maintenance of host's metabolic and structural functionality. The gut microbiota enhances digestion processing, helps in digestion of complex substances, synthesizes beneficial bioactive compounds, enhances bioavailability of minerals, impedes growth of pathogenic microbes, and prevents various diseases. It is, therefore, desirable to have an adequate intake of prebiotic biomolecules, which promote favorable modulation of intestinal microflora. Prebiotics are non-digestible and chemically stable structures that significantly enhance growth and functionality of gut microflora. The non-digestible carbohydrate, mainly oligosaccharides, covers a major part of total available prebiotics as dietary additives. The review describes the types of prebiotic low molecular weight carbohydrates, i.e., oligosaccharides, their structure, biosynthesis, functionality, and applications, with a special focus given to fructooligosaccharides (FOSs). The review provides an update on enzymes executing hydrolytic and fructosyltransferase activities producing prebiotic FOS biomolecules, and future perspectives.
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Reyes-Becerril M, Guluarte C, Ceballos-Francisco D, Angulo C, Esteban MÁ. Dietary yeast Sterigmatomyces halophilus enhances mucosal immunity of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:165-175. [PMID: 28315392 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A yeast was isolated from hypersaline sediments, grown and phylogenetically characterized as Sterigmatomyces halophilus strainN16. The dietary administration of this yeast was studied for its effect on skin mucosal immune and antioxidant status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish were fed a commercial diet (control, non-supplemented diet), or the same commercial diet supplemented with 0.55% or 1.1% of yeast for 15 and 30 days. One month after the end of the trial, fish from all treatments were intraperitoneally injected with pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and further fed with the same diets for one week, after which fish were also sampled. Significant increases were observed in the immune activities determined in the fish fed the yeast supplemented diets compared with the values recorded in mucus of fish from the control group. The expression levels of trypsin (one of the main digestive enzymes) and several immune-related genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, IgM, C3 and lysozyme) were also evaluated by real-time PCR in intestine and skin. Interestingly, trypsin gene expression in intestine was up regulated in both experimental diets compared with the control group, particularly in fish fed with 0.55% of S. halophilus at any time of the experimental trial. Immune-related genes in intestine and skin were strongly expressed principally in fish fed with 0.55% of S. halophilus for 15 days and 1.1% for 30 days and after infection, respectively. The present results suggest that the yeast S. halophilus can be considered as a novel fish immunostimulant. The excellent potential of marine microorganisms isolated from extreme environments with beneficial properties for fish is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology& Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico
| | - Crystal Guluarte
- Immunology& Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico
| | - Diana Ceballos-Francisco
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology& Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico.
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Spain.
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Duarte LS, Schöffer JDN, Lorenzoni ASG, Rodrigues RC, Rodrigues E, Hertz PF. A new bioprocess for the production of prebiotic lactosucrose by an immobilized β-galactosidase. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vera C, Córdova A, Aburto C, Guerrero C, Suárez S, Illanes A. Synthesis and purification of galacto-oligosaccharides: state of the art. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:197. [PMID: 27757792 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lactose-derived non-digestible oligosaccharides are prominent components of functional foods. Among them, galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) outstand for being prebiotics whose health-promoting effects are supported on strong scientific evidences, having unique properties as substitutes of human milk oligosaccharides in formulas for newborns and infants. GOS are currently produced enzymatically in a kinetically-controlled reaction of lactose transgalactosylation catalyzed by β-galactosidases from different microbial strains. The enzymatic synthesis of GOS, although being an established technology, still offers many technological challenges and opportunities for further development that has to be considered within the framework of functional foods which is the most rapidly expanding market within the food sector. This paper presents the current technological status of GOS production, its main achievements and challenges. Most of the problems yet to be solved refer to the rather low GOS yields attainable that rarely exceed 40 %, corresponding to lactose conversions around 60 %. This means that the product or reaction (raw GOS) contains significant amounts of residual lactose and monosaccharides (glucose and galactose). Efforts to increase such yields have been for the most part unsuccessful, even though improvements by genetic and protein engineering strategies are to be expected in the near future. Low yields impose a burden on downstream processing to obtain a GOS product of the required purity. Different strategies for raw GOS purification are reviewed and their technological significance is appraised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vera
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil, 2085, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés Córdova
- School of Food Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Waddington 716, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Carla Aburto
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil, 2085, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Cecilia Guerrero
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil, 2085, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sebastián Suárez
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil, 2085, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil, 2085, Valparaíso, Chile
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21
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Öner ET, Hernández L, Combie J. Review of Levan polysaccharide: From a century of past experiences to future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:827-844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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22
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Díez-Municio M, González-Santana C, de las Rivas B, Jimeno ML, Muñoz R, Moreno FJ, Herrero M. Synthesis of potentially-bioactive lactosyl-oligofructosides by a novel bi-enzymatic system using bacterial fructansucrases. Food Res Int 2015; 78:258-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Li W, Yu S, Zhang T, Jiang B, Stressler T, Fischer L, Mu W. Efficient Biosynthesis of Lactosucrose from Sucrose and Lactose by the Purified Recombinant Levansucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512 FMC. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9755-9763. [PMID: 26487543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lactosucrose, a rare trisaccharide formed from sucrose and lactose by enzymatic transglycosylation, is a type of indigestible carbohydrate with a good prebiotic effect. In this study, lactosucrose biosynthesis was efficiently carried out by a purified levansucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512. The target gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzyme was purified to homogeneity by nickel affinity and gel filtration chromatography. The effects of pH, temperature, substrate concentration, substrate ratio, and enzyme amount on lactosucrose biosynthesis were studied in detail, and the optimized conditions were determined to be pH 6.5, 50 °C, 27% (W/V) sucrose, 27% (W/V) lactose, and 5 U mL(-1) of the purified recombinant enzyme. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the maximal lactosucrose yield reached 224 g L(-1) after reaction for 1 h. Therefore, L. mesenteroides levansucrase could be considered a potential candidate for future industrial production of lactosucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Timo Stressler
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology , Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Garbenstrasse 25, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Lutz Fischer
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology , Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Garbenstrasse 25, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology , Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Garbenstrasse 25, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
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Li W, Wang K, Sun Y, Ye H, Hu B, Zeng X. Lactosucrose and its analogues derived from lactose and sucrose: Influence of structure on human intestinal microbiota in vitro. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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25
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Recent novel applications of levansucrases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:6959-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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26
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Wu C, Zhang T, Mu W, Miao M, Jiang B. Biosynthesis of lactosylfructoside by an intracellular levansucrase from Bacillus methylotrophicus SK 21.002. Carbohydr Res 2015; 401:122-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Selective fermentation of potential prebiotic lactose-derived oligosaccharides by probiotic bacteria. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Díez-Municio M, Herrero M, Olano A, Moreno FJ. Synthesis of novel bioactive lactose-derived oligosaccharides by microbial glycoside hydrolases. Microb Biotechnol 2014; 7:315-31. [PMID: 24690139 PMCID: PMC4241725 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotic oligosaccharides are increasingly demanded within the Food Science domain because of the interesting healthy properties that these compounds may induce to the organism, thanks to their beneficial intestinal microbiota growth promotion ability. In this regard, the development of new efficient, convenient and affordable methods to obtain this class of compounds might expand even further their use as functional ingredients. This review presents an overview on the most recent interesting approaches to synthesize lactose-derived oligosaccharides with potential prebiotic activity paying special focus on the microbial glycoside hydrolases that can be effectively employed to obtain these prebiotic compounds. The most notable advantages of using lactose-derived carbohydrates such as lactosucrose, galactooligosaccharides from lactulose, lactulosucrose and 2-α-glucosyl-lactose are also described and commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Díez-Municio
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC)C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miguel Herrero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC)C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Agustín Olano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC)C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC)C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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29
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Enhancing thermostability and the structural characterization of Microbacterium saccharophilum K-1 β-fructofuranosidase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6667-77. [PMID: 24633372 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A β-fructofuranosidase from Microbacterium saccharophilum K-1 (formerly known as Arthrobacter sp. K-1) is useful for producing the sweetener lactosucrose (4(G)-β-D-galactosylsucrose). Thermostability of the β-fructofuranosidase was enhanced by random mutagenesis and saturation mutagenesis. Clones with enhanced thermostability included mutations at residues Thr47, Ser200, Phe447, Phe470, and Pro500. In the highest stability mutant, T47S/S200T/F447P/F470Y/P500S, the half-life at 60 °C was 182 min, 16.5-fold longer than the wild-type enzyme. A comparison of the crystal structures of the full-length wild-type enzyme and three mutants showed that various mechanisms appear to be involved in thermostability enhancement. In particular, the replacement of Phe447 with Val or Pro induced a conformational change in an adjacent residue His477, which results in the formation of a new hydrogen bond in the enzyme. Although the thermostabilization mechanisms of the five residue mutations were explicable on the basis of the crystal structures, it appears to be difficult to predict which amino acid residues should be modified to obtain thermostabilized enzymes.
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