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Hao Y, Pan X, You J, Li G, Xu M, Rao Z. Microbial production of branched chain amino acids: Advances and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 397:130502. [PMID: 38417463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) such as L-valine, L-leucine, and L-isoleucine are widely used in food and feed. To comply with sustainable development goals, commercial production of BCAAs has been completely replaced with microbial fermentation. However, the efficient production of BCAAs by microorganisms remains a serious challenge due to their staggered metabolic networks and cell growth. To overcome these difficulties, systemic metabolic engineering has emerged as an effective and feasible strategy for the biosynthesis of BCAA. This review firstly summarizes the research advances in the microbial synthesis of BCAAs and representative engineering strategies. Second, systematic methods, such as high-throughput screening, adaptive laboratory evolution, and omics analysis, can be used to analyses the synthesis of BCAAs at the whole-cell level and further improve the titer of target chemicals. Finally, new tools and engineering strategies that may increase the production output and development direction of the microbial production of BCAAs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuewei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiajia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guomin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Bai Y, Zeng Q, Jiang Z, Liu Y, Wang X, Liu X, Liu C, Min W. Recent advances in the metabolic engineering and physiological opportunities for microbial synthesis of L-aspartic acid family amino acids: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126916. [PMID: 37716660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
L-aspartic acid, L-threonine, L-isoleucine, l-lysine, and L-methionine constitute the l-aspartate amino acids (AFAAs). Except for L-aspartic acid, these are essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by humans or animals themselves. E. coli and C. glutamicum are the main model organisms for AFAA production. It is necessary to reconstitute microbial cell factories and the physiological state of industrial fermentation cells for in-depth research into strains with higher AFAA production levels and optimal growth states. Considering that the anabolic pathways of the AFAAs and engineering modifications have rarely been reviewed in the latest progress, this work reviews the central metabolic pathways of two strains and strategies for the metabolic engineering of AFAA synthetic pathways. The challenges posed by microbial physiology in AFAA production and possible strategies to address them, as well as future research directions for constructing strains with high AFAA production levels, are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Yunlong Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Qi Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Zeyuan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Xiyan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
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3
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang S, Ma W, Wang J, Yin L, Wang X. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum WM001 to improve l-isoleucine production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:568-584. [PMID: 32474971 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, l-isoleucine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum WM001 was improved by deleting three genes in the genome, replacing the native promoter of ilvA in the genome, and overexpression of five genes in an alr-based auxotrophic complementation expression system. The three genes deleted in the genome are alaT, brnQ, and alr. Deletion of alaT improved l-isoleucine production by increasing the supply of pyruvate, whereas deletion of brnQ improved l-isoleucine production by blocking the uptake of extracellular l-isoleucine. Exchange of the native promoter of ilvA with promoter tac or tacM could contribute to l-isoleucine production by increasing 2-ketobutyric acid; tac is better than tacM for improving l-isoleucine yield. Different combinations of the genes ilvBN, ppnK, lrp, and brnFE were overexpressed in an alr-based auxotrophic complementation expression system to further improve l-isoleucine production, and the best yield after 72-H flask fermentation was obtained from the strain WM005/pYCW-1-ilvBN2-ppnK1. Without addition of any antibiotics, WM005/pYCW-1-ilvBN2-ppnK1 could produce 32.1 g/L l-isoleucine after 72-H fed-batch fermentation, which is 34.3% increase compared with the original strain WM001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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4
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Han G, Xu N, Sun X, Chen J, Chen C, Wang Q. Improvement of l-Valine Production by Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma Mutagenesis and High-Throughput Screening in Corynebacterium glutamicum. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4751-4758. [PMID: 32201760 PMCID: PMC7081258 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As one of the branched-chain amino acids, l-valine is an essential nutrient for most mammalian species. In this study, the l-valine producer Corynebacterium glutamicum ΔppcΔaceEΔalatΔpqo was first constructed. Additionally, an improved biosensor based on the Lrp-type transcriptional regulator and temperature-sensitive replication was built. Then, the C. glutamicum strain was mutagenized by atmospheric and room temperature plasma. A sequential three-step procedure was carried out to screen l-valine-producing strains, including the fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), 96-well plate screening, and flask fermentation. The final mutant HL2-7 obtained by screening produced 3.20 g/L of l-valine, which was 21.47% higher than the titer produced by the starting strain. This study demonstrates that the l-valine-producing mutants can be successfully isolated based on the Lrp sensor system in combination with FACS screening after random mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Han
- Life
Science and Technology Institute, Yangtze
Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
- School
of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Xieping Sun
- Life
Science and Technology Institute, Yangtze
Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhao Chen
- Life
Science and Technology Institute, Yangtze
Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
| | - Chun Chen
- Life
Science and Technology Institute, Yangtze
Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Life
Science and Technology Institute, Yangtze
Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
- School
of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
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The Application of Ribosome Engineering to Natural Product Discovery and Yield Improvement in Streptomyces. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8030133. [PMID: 31480298 PMCID: PMC6784132 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8030133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial natural product drug discovery and development has entered a new era, driven by microbial genomics and synthetic biology. Genome sequencing has revealed the vast potential to produce valuable secondary metabolites in bacteria and fungi. However, many of the biosynthetic gene clusters are silent under standard fermentation conditions. By rational screening for mutations in bacterial ribosomal proteins or RNA polymerases, ribosome engineering is a versatile approach to obtain mutants with improved titers for microbial product formation or new natural products through activating silent biosynthetic gene clusters. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of ribosome engineering and its application to natural product discovery and yield improvement in Streptomyces. Our analysis suggests that ribosome engineering is a rapid and cost-effective approach and could be adapted to speed up the discovery and development of natural product drug leads in the post-genomic era.
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6
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Strategy for improving L-isoleucine production efficiency in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2101-2111. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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7
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Metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum for bio-based production of chemicals, fuels, materials, and healthcare products. Metab Eng 2018; 50:122-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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8
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Ma W, Wang J, Li Y, Wang X. Cysteine synthase A overexpression in Corynebacterium glutamicum enhances l-isoleucine production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 66:74-81. [PMID: 30311712 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine synthase A (CysK) catalyzes the last reaction of l-cysteine synthesis in bacteria, but its moonlighting functions have been revealed recently. In this study, CysK was overexpressed in Corynebacterium glutamicum IWJ001, an l-isoleucine producer. Compared with the control IWJ001/pDXW-8, IWJ001/pDXW-8-cysK cells grew fast during log phase, and produced 26.5% more l-isoleucine in flask fermentation and 23.5% more l-isoleucine in fed-batch fermentation. The key genes aspC, lysC, hom, thrB, ilvA, and ilvBN involved in l-isoleucine biosynthesis were all upregulated in IWJ001/pDXW-8-cysK, compared with IWJ001/pDXW-8. In addition, IWJ001/pDXW-8-cysK cells were longer and thicker than IWJ001/pDXW-8 cells. Compared with IWJ001/pDXW-8, the membrane permeability increased 15.8% and biofilm formation ability decreased 71.3% for IWJ001/pDXW-8-cysK cells. The results demonstrate that CysK overexpression in C. glutamicum is a good approach to enhance l-isoleucine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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9
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Microbial Production of l-Serine from Renewable Feedstocks. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:700-712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Zhang H, Li Y, Wang C, Wang X. Understanding the high L-valine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum VWB-1 using transcriptomics and proteomics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3632. [PMID: 29483542 PMCID: PMC5827029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Toward the elucidation of the advanced mechanism of l-valine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum, a highly developed industrial strain VWB-1 was analyzed, employing the combination of transcriptomics and proteomics methods. The transcriptional level of 1155 genes and expression abundance of 96 proteins were changed significantly by the transcriptome and proteome comparison of VWB-1 and ATCC 13869. It was indicated that the key genes involved in the biosynthesis of l-valine, ilvBN, ilvC, ilvD, ilvE were up-regulated in VWB-1, which together made prominent contributions in improving the carbon flow towards l-valine. The l-leucine and l-isoleucine synthesis ability were weakened according to the down-regulation of leuB and ilvA. The up-regulation of the branched chain amino acid transporter genes brnFE promoted the l-valine secretion capability of VWB-1. The NADPH and ATP generation ability of VWB-1 were strengthened through the up-regulation of the genes involved in phosphate pentose pathway and TCA pathway. Pyruvate accumulation was achieved through the weakening of the l-lactate, acetate and l-alanine pathways. The up-regulation of the genes coding for elongation factors and ribosomal proteins were beneficial for l-valine synthesis in C. glutamicum. All information acquired were useful for the genome breeding of better industrial l-valine producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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11
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Xu JZ, Yang HK, Zhang WG. NADPH metabolism: a survey of its theoretical characteristics and manipulation strategies in amino acid biosynthesis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:1061-1076. [PMID: 29480038 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1437387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Reduced nicotinamide adenine nucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which is one of the key cofactors in the metabolic network, plays an important role in the biochemical reactions, and physiological function of amino acid-producing strains. The manipulation of NADPH availability and form is an efficient and easy method of redirecting the carbon flux to the amino acid biosynthesis in industrial strains. In this review, we survey the metabolic mode of NADPH. Furthermore, we summarize the research developments in the understanding of the relationship between NADPH metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis. Detailed strategies to manipulate NADPH availability are addressed based on this knowledge. Finally, the uses of NADPH manipulation strategies to enhance the metabolic function of amino acid-producing strains are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong Xu
- a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , WuXi , PR China.,b The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , WuXi , PR China
| | - Han-Kun Yang
- a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , WuXi , PR China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhang
- a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , WuXi , PR China
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12
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Tokmakova IP, Ryabchenko LE, Gerasimova TV, Kameneva SV, Yanenko AS. Mutations in the fusA Gene Encoding Elongation Factor G in the Coryneform Bacterium Lead to Increased Lysine Production. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683817080075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Dong X, Zhao Y, Hu J, Li Y, Wang X. Attenuating l -lysine production by deletion of ddh and lysE and their effect on l -threonine and l -isoleucine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 93-94:70-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Characterization of aspartate kinase and homoserine dehydrogenase from Corynebacterium glutamicum IWJ001 and systematic investigation of l-isoleucine biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:873-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Previously we have characterized a threonine dehydratase mutant TDF383V (encoded by ilvA1) and an acetohydroxy acid synthase mutant AHASP176S, D426E, L575W (encoded by ilvBN1) in Corynebacterium glutamicum IWJ001, one of the best l-isoleucine producing strains. Here, we further characterized an aspartate kinase mutant AKA279T (encoded by lysC1) and a homoserine dehydrogenase mutant HDG378S (encoded by hom1) in IWJ001, and analyzed the consequences of all these mutant enzymes on amino acids production in the wild type background. In vitro enzyme tests confirmed that AKA279T is completely resistant to feed-back inhibition by l-threonine and l-lysine, and that HDG378S is partially resistant to l-threonine with the half maximal inhibitory concentration between 12 and 14 mM. In C. glutamicum ATCC13869, expressing lysC1 alone led to exclusive l-lysine accumulation, co-expressing hom1 and thrB1 with lysC1 shifted partial carbon flux from l-lysine (decreased by 50.1 %) to l-threonine (4.85 g/L) with minor l-isoleucine and no l-homoserine accumulation, further co-expressing ilvA1 completely depleted l-threonine and strongly shifted carbon flux from l-lysine (decreased by 83.0 %) to l-isoleucine (3.53 g/L). The results demonstrated the strongly feed-back resistant TDF383V might be the main driving force for l-isoleucine over-synthesis in this case, and the partially feed-back resistant HDG378S might prevent the accumulation of toxic intermediates. Information exploited from such mutation-bred production strain would be useful for metabolic engineering.
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15
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Ma W, Wang J, Li Y, Hu X, Shi F, Wang X. Enhancing pentose phosphate pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum to improve l-isoleucine production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 63:877-885. [PMID: 27010514 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three genes, gnd, pgl, and fbp, relevant to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) were overexpressed in Corynebacterium glutamicum IWJ001, leading to increase of l-isoleucine production. The transcriptional levels of gnd, pgl, and fbp significantly increased in IWJ001/pDXW-8-gnd-fbp-pgl. Compared with the control strain IWJ001/pDXW-8, intracellular NADPH/NADP+ ratios in IWJ001/pDXW-8-gnd and IWJ001/pDXW-8-gnd-fbp cells grown for 36 H increased threefold and fourfold, respectively, indicating that overexpression of gnd and fbp redirected the carbon flux to PPP. Intracellular NADPH/NADP+ ratio in IWJ001/pDXW-8-gnd-fbp-pgl grown for 36 H was similar to IWJ001/pDXW-8, suggesting that the NADPH produced by PPP could be quickly consumed for l-isoleucine production. 10.9 and 28.96 g/L of l-isoleucine was produced in IWJ001/pDXW-8-gnd-fbp-pgl in shake flask cultivation and fed-batch fermentation, respectively. In addition, IWJ001/pDXW-8-gnd-fbp-pgl grew fast, its dry cell weight reached 49 g/L after 48 H, whereas the start strain IWJ001/pDXW-8 reached only 40 g/L. After 96 H fermentation, l-isoleucine yield on glucose in IWJ001/pDXW-8-gnd-fbp-pgl reached 0.138 g/g. The results demonstrate that carbon flux redirection to PPP is an efficient approach to enhance l-isoleucine production in C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Ma
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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16
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Yamamoto K, Tsuchisaka A, Yukawa H. Branched-Chain Amino Acids. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 159:103-128. [PMID: 27872960 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), viz., L-isoleucine, L-leucine, and L-valine, are essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in higher organisms and are important nutrition for humans as well as livestock. They are also valued as synthetic intermediates for pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the demand for BCAAs in the feed and pharmaceutical industries is increasing continuously. Traditional industrial fermentative production of BCAAs was performed using microorganisms isolated by random mutagenesis. A collection of these classical strains was also scientifically useful to clarify the details of the BCAA biosynthetic pathways, which are tightly regulated by feedback inhibition and transcriptional attenuation. Based on this understanding of the metabolism of BCAAs, it is now possible for us to pursue strains with higher BCAA productivity using rational design and advanced molecular biology techniques. Additionally, systems biology approaches using augmented omics information help us to optimize carbon flux toward BCAA production. Here, we describe the biosynthetic pathways of BCAAs and their regulation and then overview the microorganisms developed for BCAA production. Other chemicals, including isobutanol, i.e., a second-generation biofuel, can be synthesized by branching the BCAA biosynthetic pathways, which are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yamamoto
- Green Earth Institute Co., Ltd, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Green Earth Research Center, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsunari Tsuchisaka
- Green Earth Institute Co., Ltd, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Green Earth Research Center, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yukawa
- Green Earth Institute Co., Ltd, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Green Earth Research Center, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan.
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Han G, Hu X, Wang X. Overexpression of methionine adenosyltransferase inCorynebacterium glutamicumfor production ofS-adenosyl-l-methionine. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 63:679-689. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi People's Republic of China
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