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A new method for screening and culture of Clostridium from pit mud under non-anaerobic conditions. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 200:106559. [PMID: 36007702 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Strong-flavor Baijiu (SFB) is produced in complex fermentation in pits under ground. Clostridium producing hexanoic acid plays a key role in the flavor formation of SFB. The screening and culture for Clostridium are very difficult because of its strict anaerobic characteristics. In this study, electric field assisted screening (EFAS) was used to screen Clostridium from pit mud, and electric culture (EC) was used to cultivate Clostridium under non-anaerobic conditions. A strain with a high yield of hexanoic acid was screened and named as Clostridium sp. EFAS6. Under non-anaerobic conditions, it grew rapidly only near the cathode end in the EFAS device because of the low oxidation-reduction potential of that electrode. In the experiment of high-density culture in the EC device, the cell concentration reached 106-107. After energy consumption was calculated, the optimal loading voltage was found to be 10 V. In the application, the broth of Clostridium sp. EFAS6 increased the content of ethyl hexanoic in SFB. Under non-anaerobic conditions, the anaerobe was screened by EFAS and cultivated in high density by EC. The EFAS and EC could also be used for the screening and culture of other anaerobes under non-anaerobic conditions.
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Lin Z, Liu H, Wu J, Patakova P, Branska B, Zhang J. Effective continuous acetone-butanol-ethanol production with full utilization of cassava by immobilized symbiotic TSH06. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:219. [PMID: 31534478 PMCID: PMC6745785 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butanol production by fermentation has recently attracted increasingly more attention because of its mild reaction conditions and environmentally friendly properties. However, traditional feedstocks, such as corn, are food supplies for human beings and are expensive and not suitable for butanol production at a large scale. In this study, acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) fermentation with non-pretreated cassava using a symbiotic TSH06 was investigated. RESULTS In batch fermentation, the butanol concentration of 11.6 g/L was obtained with a productivity of 0.16 g/L/h, which was similar to that obtained from glucose system. A full utilization system of cassava was constructed to improve the fermentation performance, cassava flour was used as the substrate and cassava peel residue was used as the immobilization carrier. ABE fermentation with immobilized cells resulted in total ABE and butanol concentrations of 20 g/L and 13.3 g/L, which were 13.6% and 14.7% higher, respectively, than those of free cells. To further improve the solvent productivity, continuous fermentation was conducted with immobilized cells. In single-stage continuous fermentation, the concentrations of total ABE and butanol reached 9.3 g/L and 6.3 g/L with ABE and butanol productivities of 1.86 g/L/h and 1.26 g/L/h, respectively. In addition, both of the high product concentration and high solvent productivity were achieved in a three-stage continuous fermentation. The ABE productivity and concentration was 1.12 g/L/h and 16.8 g/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that TSH06 could produce solvents from cassava effectively. This study shows that ABE fermentation with cassava as a substrate could be an efficient and economical method of butanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangnan Lin
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Hongjuan Liu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Petra Patakova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Branska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
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Abo BO, Gao M, Wang Y, Wu C, Wang Q, Ma H. Production of butanol from biomass: recent advances and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20164-20182. [PMID: 31115808 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
At present, diminishing oil resources and increasing environmental concerns have led to a shift toward the production of alternative biofuels. In the last few decades, butanol, as liquid biofuel, has received considerable research attention due to its advantages over ethanol. Several studies have focused on the production of butanol through the fermentation from raw renewable biomass, such as lignocellulosic materials. However, the low concentration and productivity of butanol production and the price of raw materials are limitations for butanol fermentation. Moreover, these limitations are the main causes of industrial decline in butanol production. This study reviews butanol fermentation, including the metabolism and characteristics of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) producing clostridia. Furthermore, types of butanol production from biomass feedstock are detailed in this study. Specifically, this study introduces the recent progress on the efficient butanol production of "designed" and modified biomass. Additionally, the recent advances in the butanol fermentation process, such as multistage continuous fermentation, metabolic flow change of the electron carrier supplement, continuous fermentation with immobilization and recycling of cell, and the recent technical separation of the products from the fermentation broth, are described in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodjui Olivier Abo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongzhi Ma
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Improvement of butanol production by the development and co-culture of C. acetobutylicum TSH1 and B. cereus TSH2. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6753-6763. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Lin Z, Liu H, Yan X, Zhou Y, Cheng K, Zhang J. High-efficiency acetone-butanol-ethanol production and recovery in non-strict anaerobic gas-stripping fed-batch fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:8029-8039. [PMID: 28929200 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conventional acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation coupled with gas stripping is conducted under strict anaerobic conditions. In this work, a fed-batch ABE fermentation integrated with gas stripping (FAFIGS) system using a non-strict anaerobic butanol-producing symbiotic system, TSH06, was investigated for the efficient production of butanol. To save energy and keep a high gas-stripping efficiency, the integrated fermentation was conducted by adjusting the butanol recovery rate. The gas-stripping efficiency increased when the butanol concentration increased from 6 to 12 g/L. However, in consideration of the butanol toxicity to TSH06, 8 g/L butanol was the optimal concentration for this FAFIGS process. A model for describing the relationship between the butanol recovery rate and the gas flow rate was developed, and the model was subsequently applied to adjust the butanol recovery rate during the FAFIGS process. In the integrated system under non-strict anaerobic condition, relatively stable butanol concentrations of 7 to 9 g/L were achieved by controlling the gas flow rate which varied between 1.6 and 3.5 vvm based on the changing butanol productivity. 185.65 g/L of butanol (267.15 g/L of ABE) was produced in 288 h with a butanol recovery ratio of 97.36%. The overall yield and productivity of butanol were 0.23 g/g and 0.64 g/L/h, respectively. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using FAFIGS under non-strict anaerobic conditions with TSH06. This work is helpful in characterizing the butanol anabolism performance of TSH06 and provides a simple and efficient scheme for butanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangnan Lin
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Liu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Jian'an Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
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Mai S, Wang G, Wu P, Gu C, Liu H, Zhang J, Wang G. Interactions betweenBacillus cereusCGMCC 1.895 andClostridium beijerinckiiNCIMB 8052 in coculture for butanol production under nonanaerobic conditions. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 64:719-726. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Mai
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology; Tsinghua University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Genyu Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology; Tsinghua University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology; Tsinghua University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Chunkai Gu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology; Tsinghua University; Beijing People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University; Wuxi People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Liu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology; Tsinghua University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology; Tsinghua University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Gehua Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology; Tsinghua University; Beijing People's Republic of China
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ARTP mutation and genome shuffling of ABE fermentation symbiotic system for improvement of butanol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:2189-2199. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Establishment of a multi-species biofilm model and metatranscriptomic analysis of biofilm and planktonic cell communities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7263-79. [PMID: 27102130 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We collected several biofilm samples from Japanese rivers and established a reproducible multi-species biofilm model that can be analyzed in laboratories. Bacterial abundance at the generic level was highly similar between the planktonic and biofilm communities, whereas comparative metatranscriptomic analysis revealed many upregulated and downregulated genes in the biofilm. Many genes involved in iron-sulfur metabolism, stress response, and cell envelope function were upregulated; biofilm formation is mediated by an iron-dependent signaling mechanism and the signal is relayed to stress-responsive and cell envelope function genes. Flagella-related gene expression was regulated depending upon the growth phase, indicating different roles of flagella during the adherence, maturation, and dispersal steps of biofilm formation. Downregulation of DNA repair genes was observed, indicating that spontaneous mutation frequency would be elevated within the biofilm and that the biofilm is a cradle for generating novel genetic traits. Although the significance remains unclear, genes for rRNA methyltransferase, chromosome partitioning, aminoacyl-tRNA synthase, and cysteine, methionine, leucine, thiamine, nucleotide, and fatty acid metabolism were found to be differentially regulated. These results indicate that planktonic and biofilm communities are in different dynamic states. Studies on biofilm and sessile cells, which have received less attention, are important for understanding microbial ecology and for designing tailor-made anti-biofilm drugs.
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Wu P, Wang G, Wang G, Børresen BT, Liu H, Zhang J. Butanol production under microaerobic conditions with a symbiotic system of Clostridium acetobutylicum and Bacillus cereus. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:8. [PMID: 26762531 PMCID: PMC4712489 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One major problem of ABE (acetone, butanol and ethanol) fermentation is high oxygen sensitivity of Clostridium acetobutylicum. Currently, no single strain has been isolated or genetically engineered to produce butanol effectively under aerobic conditions. In our previous work, a symbiotic system TSH06 has been developed successfully by our group, and two strains, C. acetobutylicum TSH1 and Bacillus cereus TSH2, were isolated from TSH06. RESULTS Compared with single culture, TSH06 showed promotion on cell growth and solvent accumulation under microaerobic conditions. To simulate TSH06, a new symbiotic system was successfully re-constructed by adding living cells of B. cereus TSH2 into C. acetobutylicum TSH1 cultures. During the fermentation process, the function of B. cereus TSH2 was found to deplete oxygen and provide anaerobic environment for C. acetobutylicum TSH1. Furthermore, inoculation ratio of C. acetobutylicum TSH1 and B. cereus TSH2 affected butanol production. In a batch fermentation with optimized inoculation ratio of 5 % C. acetobutylicum TSH1 and 0.5 % B. cereus TSH2, 11.0 g/L butanol and 18.1 g/L ABE were produced under microaerobic static condition. In contrast to the single culture of C. acetobutylicum TSH1, the symbiotic system became more aerotolerant and was able to produce 11.2 g/L butanol in a 5 L bioreactor even with continuous 0.15 L/min air sparging. In addition, qPCR assay demonstrated that the abundance of B. cereus TSH2 increased quickly at first and then decreased sharply to lower than 1 %, whereas C. acetobutylicum TSH1 accounted for more than 99 % of the whole population in solventogenic phase. CONCLUSIONS The characterization of a novel symbiotic system on butanol fermentation was studied. The new symbiotic system re-constructed by co-culture of C. acetobutylicum TSH1 and B. cereus TSH2 showed excellent performance on butanol production under microaerobic conditions. B. cereus TSH2 was a good partner for C. acetobutylicum TSH1 by providing an anaerobic environment. During fermentation process, the high ratio of Clostridium and low ratio of Bacillus composition indicated that this symbiotic system was an effective and easily controlled cultivation model for ABE fermentation under microaerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Genyu Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gehua Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Hongjuan Liu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
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