1
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Agrawal D, Budakoti M, Kumar V. Strategies and tools for the biotechnological valorization of glycerol to 1, 3-propanediol: Challenges, recent advancements and future outlook. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 66:108177. [PMID: 37209955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Global efforts towards decarbonization, environmental sustainability, and a growing impetus for exploiting renewable resources such as biomass have spurred the growth and usage of bio-based chemicals and fuels. In light of such developments, the biodiesel industry will likely flourish, as the transport sector is taking several initiatives to attain carbon-neutral mobility. However, this industry would inevitably generate glycerol as an abundant waste by-product. Despite being a renewable organic carbon source and assimilated by several prokaryotes, presently realizing glycerol-based biorefinery is a distant reality. Among several platform chemicals such as ethanol, lactic acid, succinic acid, 2, 3-butanediol etc. 1, 3-propanediol (1, 3-PDO) is the only chemical naturally produced by fermentation with glycerol as a native substrate. The recent commercialization of glycerol-based 1, 3-PDO by Metabolic Explorer, France, has revived research interests in developing alternate cost-competitive, scalable and marketable bioprocesses. The current review outlines natural glycerol assimilating and 1, 3-PDO-producing microbes, their metabolic pathways, and associated genes. Later, technical barriers are carefully examined, such as the direct use of industrial glycerol as input material and genetic and metabolic issues related to microbes alleviating their industrial use. Biotechnological interventions exploited in the past five years, which can substantially circumvent these challenges, such as microbial bioprospecting, mutagenesis, metabolic, evolutionary and bioprocess engineering, including their combinations, are discussed in detail. The concluding section sheds light on some of the emerging and most promising breakthroughs which have resulted in evolving new, efficient, and robust microbial cell factories and/or bioprocesses for glycerol-based 1, 3-PDO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Agrawal
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDG Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Mridul Budakoti
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDG Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
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2
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Ting WW, Ng IS. Adaptive laboratory evolution and metabolic regulation of genetic Escherichia coli W3110 toward low-carbon footprint production of 5-aminolevulinic acid. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Teng Y, Guo C, Xie M, Feng A, Lu X, Zong H, Zhuge B. Modification of substrate and product transport systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae to improve 1,3-propanediol production. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6613194. [PMID: 35731629 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Substrate uptake and product export are important for microbial growth and product synthesis. Here, the glycerol uptake facilitator (GlpF) and the members of the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) type efflux system were overexpressed in Klebsiella pneumoniae to promote 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) production. Overexpression of the endogenous K. pneumoniae GlpF improved glycerol dehydratase activity and promoted 1,3-PDO titer from 55.6 to 65.1 g/L. RND members AcrA and the AcrE had no impact on 1,3-PDO production. RND members AcrF and the TolC increased 1,3-PDO titer from 55.6 g/L to 68.4 and 65.4 g/L, respectively. MexB significantly decreased glycerol dehydratase activity and 1,3-PDO titer. Notably, MexF dramatically enhanced glycerol dehydratase activity and promoted 1,3-PDO titer and glycerol conversion rate to 74.0 g/L and 0.62 mol/mol, respectively. However, coexpression of the endogenous GlpF and MexF did not further improve 1,3-PDO production. The results present here provided novel information about the applications of the uptake of glycerol and the efflux of 1,3-PDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Teng
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chao Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengmeng Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ao Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xinyao Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hong Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bin Zhuge
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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4
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Dong S, Liu X, Chen T, Zhou X, Li S, Fu S, Gong H. Mutation of rpoS is Beneficial for Suppressing Organic Acid Secretion During 1,3-Propandiol Biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:218. [PMID: 35704098 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, to reduce the formation of organic acid during 1,3-propanediol biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae, a method combining UV mutagenesis and high-throughput screening with pH color plates was employed to obtain K. pneumoniae mutants. When compared with the parent strain, the total organic acid formation by the mutant decreased, whereas 1,3-propanediol biosynthesis increased after 24 h anaerobic shake flask culture. Subsequently, genetic changes in the mutant were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing and verified by signal gene deletion. Mutation of the rpoS gene was confirmed to contribute to the regulation of organic acid synthesis in K. pneumoniae. Besides, rpoS deletion eliminated the formation of 2,3-butanediol, the main byproduct produced during 1,3-propanediol fermentation, indicating the role of rpoS in metabolic regulation in K. pneumoniae. Thus, a K. pneumoniae mutant was developed, which could produce lower organic acid during 1,3-propanediol fermentation due to an rpoS mutation in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuilin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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Systems metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for high-level production of 1,3-propanediol from glucose and xylose. Metab Eng 2022; 70:79-88. [PMID: 35038553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is a versatile chassis which has been widely used to produce various amino acids and organic acids. In this study, we report the development of an efficient C. glutamicum strain to produce 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) from glucose and xylose by systems metabolic engineering approaches, including (1) construction and optimization of two different glycerol synthesis modules; (2) combining glycerol and 1,3-PDO synthesis modules; (3) reducing 3-hydroxypropionate accumulation by clarifying a mechanism involving 1,3-PDO re-consumption; (4) reducing the accumulation of toxic 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde by pathway engineering; (5) engineering NADPH generation pathway and anaplerotic pathway. The final engineered strain can efficiently produce 1,3-PDO from glucose with a titer of 110.4 g/L, a yield of 0.42 g/g glucose, and a productivity of 2.30 g/L/h in fed-batch fermentation. By further introducing an optimized xylose metabolism module, the engineered strain can simultaneously utilize glucose and xylose to produce 1,3-PDO with a titer of 98.2 g/L and a yield of 0.38 g/g sugars. This result demonstrates that C. glutamicum is a potential chassis for the industrial production of 1,3-PDO from abundant lignocellulosic feedstocks.
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Sato R, Ikeda M, Tanaka T, Ohara H, Aso Y. Production of R- and S-1,2-propanediol in engineered Lactococcus lactis. AMB Express 2021; 11:117. [PMID: 34398341 PMCID: PMC8368392 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) is a versatile chemical used in multiple manufacturing processes. To date, some engineered and non-engineered microbes, such as Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus buchneri, and Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum, have been used to produce 1,2-PDO. In this study, we demonstrated the production of R- and S-1,2-PDO using engineered Lactococcus lactis. The L- and D-lactic acid-producing L. lactis strains NZ9000 and AH1 were transformed with the plasmid pNZ8048-ppy harboring pct, pduP, and yahK genes for 1,2-PDO biosynthesis, resulting in L. lactis LL1 and LL2, respectively. These engineered L. lactis produced S- and R-1,2-PDO at concentrations of 0.69 and 0.50 g/L with 94.4 and 78.0% ee optical purities, respectively, from 1% glucose after 72 h of cultivation. Both 1% mannitol and 1% gluconate were added instead of glucose to the culture of L. lactis LL1 to supply NADH and NADPH to the 1,2-PDO production pathway, resulting in 75% enhancement of S-1,2-PDO production. Production of S-1,2-PDO from 5% mannitol and 5% gluconate was demonstrated using L. lactis LL1 with a pH-stat approach. This resulted in S-1,2-PDO production at a concentration of 1.88 g/L after 96 h of cultivation. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the production of R- and S-1,2-PDO using engineered lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Sato
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
- JST-Mirai Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ikeda
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonari Tanaka
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ohara
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Aso
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan.
- JST-Mirai Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
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7
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Isolation and characterization of a newly identified Clostridium butyricum strain SCUT343-4 for 1,3-propanediol production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2375-2385. [PMID: 34231034 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) producing strain was isolated and identified as Clostridium butyricum with respect to its morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as 16S rDNA. The results of substrates test and stress tolerance indicated that C. butyricum SCUT343-4 could produce 1,3-PDO efficiently from glycerol. The optimal fermentation conditions were determined to be 5 g/L yeast extract at 37 °C and pH 6.5. To fully evaluate its 1,3-PDO production capacity, different cultivation strategies have been implemented. The highest 1,3-PDO concentration obtained for batch and fed-batch fermentation were 51.64 and 61.30 g/L, respectively. Immobilized cell fermentation in fibrous-bed bioreactor was also performed, and the concentration of 1,3-PDO further increased to 86 g/L with a yield of 0.52 g/g. In addition, the 1,3-PDO productivity reached 4.20 g/L h, which is the highest level reported for C. butyricum, demonstrating the potential of C. butyricum SCUT343-4 for 1,3-PDO production from glycerol.
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8
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Wang W, Yu X, Wei Y, Ledesma-Amaro R, Ji XJ. Reprogramming the metabolism of Klebsiella pneumoniae for efficient 1,3-propanediol production. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Liu Y, Cen X, Liu D, Chen Z. Systems metabolic engineering of Vibrio natriegens for the production of 1,3-propanediol. Metab Eng 2021; 65:52-65. [PMID: 33722653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The economic viability of current bio-production systems is often limited by its low productivity due to slow cell growth and low substrate uptake rate. The fastest-growing bacterium Vibrio natriegens is a highly promising next-generation workhorse of the biotechnology industry which can utilize various industrially relevant carbon sources with high substrate uptake rates. Here, we demonstrate the first systematic engineering example of V. natriegens for the heterologous production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) from glycerol. Systems metabolic engineering strategies have been applied in this study to develop a superior 1,3-PDO producer, including: (1) heterologous pathway construction and optimization; (2) engineering cellular transcriptional regulators and global transcriptomic analysis; (3) enhancing intracellular reducing power by cofactor engineering; (4) reducing the accumulation of toxic intermediate by pathway engineering; (5) systematic engineering of glycerol oxidation pathway to eliminate byproduct formation. A final engineered strain can efficiently produce 1,3-PDO with a titer of 56.2 g/L, a yield of 0.61 mol/mol, and an average productivity of 2.36 g/L/h. The strategies described in this study would be useful for engineering V. natriegens as a potential chassis for the production of other useful chemicals and biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuecong Cen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dehua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsinghua Innovation Center in Dongguan, Dongguan, 523808, China; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsinghua Innovation Center in Dongguan, Dongguan, 523808, China; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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10
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Xu D, Jia Z, Zhang L, Fu S, Gong H. Analysis of the Growth and Metabolites of a Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex- Deficient Klebsiella pneumoniae Mutant in a Glycerol-Based Medium. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:753-761. [PMID: 32482942 PMCID: PMC9728353 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1801.01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To determine the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) in Klebsiella pneumoniae, the growth and metabolism of PDHC-deficient mutant in glycerol-based medium were analyzed and compared with those of other strains. Under aerobic conditions, the PDHC activity was fourfold higher than that of pyruvate formate lyase (PFL), and blocking of PDHC caused severe growth defect and pyruvate accumulation, indicating that the carbon flux through pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A mainly depended on PDHC. Under anaerobic conditions, although the PDHC activity was only 50% of that of PFL, blocking of PDHC resulted in more growth defect than blocking of PFL. Subsequently, combined with the requirement of CO2 and intracellular redox status, it was presumed that the critical role of PDHC was to provide NADH for the anaerobic growth of K. pneumoniae. This presumption was confirmed in the PDHC-deficient mutant by further blocking one of the formate dehydrogenases, FdnGHI. Besides, based on our data, it can also be suggested that an improvement in the carbon flux in the PFL-deficient mutant could be an effective strategy to construct highyielding 1,3-propanediol-producing K. pneumoniae strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Zongxiao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Shuilin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Heng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
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11
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Peng Y, Han X, Xu P, Tao F. Next‐Generation Microbial Workhorses: Comparative Genomic Analysis of Fast‐GrowingVibrioStrains Reveals Their Biotechnological Potential. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900499. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Fei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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12
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Zhou S, Lama S, Sankaranarayanan M, Park S. Metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas denitrificans for the 1,3-propanediol production from glycerol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:121933. [PMID: 31404755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bio-production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) from glycerol was studied using Pseudomonas denitrificans as host, which aerobically synthesizes coenzyme B12, an essential cofactor of glycerol dehydratase (GDHt). P. denitrificans was transformed with the 1,3-PDO synthesis pathway composed of GDHt and 1,3-PDO oxidoreductase (PDOR), and its putative 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) dehydrogenase(s), leading to the production of 3-hydroxypropioninc acid form the intermediary 3-HPA, was identified and deleted. In addition, to improve the availability of NADH for PDOR, oxidation of NADH in the electron transport chain was disturbed by deletion of the nuo operon and/or ndh gene. Finally, acetate formation pathway was eliminated. One resulting strain could produce 68.95 mM 1,3-PDO with the yield of 0.92 mol 1,3-PDO/mol glycerol on flask scale and 440 mM with the yield of 0.89 mol 1,3-PDO/mol glycerol in a fed-batch bioreactor experiment. This study demonstrates that P. denitrificans is a promising recombinant host for the production of 1,3-PDO from glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfang Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Suman Lama
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mugesh Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India
| | - Sunghoon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Russmayer H, Egermeier M, Kalemasi D, Sauer M. Spotlight on biodiversity of microbial cell factories for glycerol conversion. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Westbrook AW, Miscevic D, Kilpatrick S, Bruder MR, Moo-Young M, Chou CP. Strain engineering for microbial production of value-added chemicals and fuels from glycerol. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:538-568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Lee JH, Jung MY, Oh MK. High-yield production of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol by metabolically engineered Klebsiella pneumoniae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:104. [PMID: 29657579 PMCID: PMC5890353 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycerol is a major byproduct of the biodiesel industry and can be converted to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) by microorganisms through a two-step enzymatic reaction. The production of 1,3-PDO from glycerol using microorganisms is accompanied by formation of unwanted byproducts, including lactate and 2,3-butanediol, resulting in a low-conversion yield. RESULTS Klebsiella pneumoniae was metabolically engineered to produce high-molar yield of 1,3-PDO from glycerol. First, the pathway genes for byproduct formation were deleted in K. pneumoniae. Then, glycerol assimilation pathways were eliminated and mannitol was co-fed to the medium. Finally, transcriptional regulation of the dha operon were genetically modified for enhancing 1,3-propanediol production. The batch fermentation of the engineered strain with co-feeding of a small amount of mannitol yielded 0.76 mol 1,3-PDO from 1 mol glycerol. CONCLUSIONS Klebsiella pneumoniae is useful microorganism for producing 1,3-PDO from glycerol. Implemented engineering in this study successfully improved 1,3-PDO production yield, which is significantly higher than those reported in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Young Jung
- CJ Research Institute of Biotechnology, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16495 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
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16
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Production of D-lactate from glucose using Klebsiella pneumoniae mutants. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:209. [PMID: 29162110 PMCID: PMC5697408 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background d-Lactate is a valued chemical which can be produced by some bacteria including Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, only a few studies have focused on K. pneumoniae for d-lactate production with a significant amount of by-products, which complicated the purification process and decreased the yield of d-lactate. Results Based on the redirection of carbon towards by-product formation, the effects of single-gene and multiple-gene deletions in K. pneumoniae on d-lactate production from glucose via acetolactate synthase (budB), acetate kinase (ackA), and alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE) were tested. Klebsiella pneumoniae mutants had different production behaviours. The accumulation of the main by-products was decreased in the mutants. The triple mutant strain had the most powerful ability to produce optically pure d-lactate from glucose, and was tested with xylose and arabinose as carbon sources. Fed-batch fermentation was also carried out under various aeration rates, and the strain accumulated 125.1 g/L d-lactate with a yield of 0.91 g/g glucose at 2.5 vvm. Conclusions Knocking out by-product synthesis genes had a remarkable influence on the production and yield of d-lactate. This study demonstrated, for the first time, that K. pneumoniae has great potential to convert monosaccharides into d-lactate. The results provide new insights for industrial production of d-lactate by K. pneumoniae.
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Zhang Y, Jia Z, Lin J, Xu D, Fu S, Gong H. Deletingpckimproves growth and suppresses by-product formation during 1,3-propanediol fermentation byKlebsiella pneumoniae. J Appl Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Zongxiao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Jie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Danfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Shuilin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Heng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
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Coordination of metabolic pathways: Enhanced carbon conservation in 1,3-propanediol production by coupling with optically pure lactate biosynthesis. Metab Eng 2017; 41:102-114. [PMID: 28396036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering has emerged as a powerful tool for bioproduction of both fine and bulk chemicals. The natural coordination among different metabolic pathways contributes to the complexity of metabolic modification, which hampers the development of biorefineries. Herein, the coordination between the oxidative and reductive branches of glycerol metabolism was rearranged in Klebsiella oxytoca to improve the 1,3-propanediol production. After deliberating on the product value, carbon conservation, redox balance, biological compatibility and downstream processing, the lactate-producing pathway was chosen for coupling with the 1,3-propanediol-producing pathway. Then, the other pathways of 2,3-butanediol, ethanol, acetate, and succinate were blocked in sequence, leading to improved d-lactate biosynthesis, which as return drove the 1,3-propanediol production. Meanwhile, efficient co-production of 1,3-propanediol and l-lactate was also achieved by replacing ldhD with ldhL from Bacillus coagulans. The engineered strains PDL-5 and PLL co-produced over 70g/L 1,3-propanediol and over 100g/L optically pure d-lactate and l-lactate, respectively, with high conversion yields of over 0.95mol/mol from glycerol.
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Metabolic engineering of Klebsiella pneumoniae based on in silico analysis and its pilot-scale application for 1,3-propanediol and 2,3-butanediol co-production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 44:431-441. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae naturally produces relatively large amounts of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) along with various byproducts using glycerol as a carbon source. The ldhA and mdh genes in K. pneumoniae were deleted based on its in silico gene knockout simulation with the criteria of maximizing 1,3-PD and 2,3-BD production and minimizing byproducts formation and cell growth retardation. In addition, the agitation speed, which is known to strongly affect 1,3-PD and 2,3-BD production in Klebsiella strains, was optimized. The K. pneumoniae ΔldhA Δmdh strain produced 125 g/L of diols (1,3-PD and 2,3-BD) with a productivity of 2.0 g/L/h in the lab-scale (5-L bioreactor) fed-batch fermentation using high-quality guaranteed reagent grade glycerol. To evaluate the industrial capacity of the constructed K. pneumoniae ΔldhA Δmdh strain, a pilot-scale (5000-L bioreactor) fed-batch fermentation was carried out using crude glycerol obtained from the industrial biodiesel plant. The pilot-scale fed-batch fermentation of the K. pneumoniae ΔldhA Δmdh strain produced 114 g/L of diols (70 g/L of 1,3-PD and 44 g/L of 2,3-BD), with a yield of 0.60 g diols per gram glycerol and a productivity of 2.2 g/L/h of diols, which should be suitable for the industrial co-production of 1,3-PD and 2,3-BD.
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Yang M, Yun J, Zhang H, Magocha TA, Zabed H, Xue Y, Fokum E, Sun W, Qi X. Genetically Engineered Strains: Application and Advances for 1,3-Propanediol Production from Glycerol. Food Technol Biotechnol 2017; 56:3-15. [PMID: 29795992 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.56.01.18.5444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PD) is one of the most important chemicals widely used as monomers for synthesis of some commercially valuable products, including cosmetics, foods, lubricants and medicines. Although 1,3-PD can be synthesized both chemically and biosynthetically, the latter offers more merits over chemical approach as it is economically viable, environmentally friendly and easy to carry out. The biosynthesis of 1,3-PD can be done by transforming glycerol or other similar substrates using some bacteria, such as Clostridium butyricum and Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, these natural microorganisms pose some bottlenecks like low productivity and metabolite inhibition. To overcome these problems, recent research efforts have been focused more on the development of new strains by modifying the genome through different techniques, such as mutagenesis and genetic engineering. Genetically engineered strains obtained by various strategies cannot only gain higher yield than wild types, but also overcome some of the barriers in production by the latter. This review paper presents an overview on the recent advances in the technological approaches to develop genetically engineered microorganisms for efficient biosynthesis of 1,3-PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tinashe A Magocha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hossain Zabed
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yanbo Xue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ernest Fokum
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
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Zhu C, Fang B, Wang S. Effects of culture conditions on the kinetic behavior of 1,3-propanediol fermentation by Clostridium butyricum with a kinetic model. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 212:130-137. [PMID: 27089428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of culture conditions on the kinetic behavior of 1,3-propanediol (PD) fermentation were investigated with a kinetic model. First, with initial glycerol concentration (S0) increasing, μmax and PD inhibition increased. Glycerol assimilation was harder and a little glycerol was consumed on cell maintenance at high S0. Second, with yeast extract concentration increasing, PD inhibition decreased. However, μmax decreased and glycerol assimilation became harder. It seems that the stimulus effect of yeast extract resulted from decreased PD inhibition. Glycerol amount consumed on cell maintenance also decreased. Third, with temperature decreasing, μmax and PD inhibition decreased. Glycerol assimilation was harder and a little more glycerol was consumed on cell maintenance at low temperature. Fourth, with pH increasing, μmax and PD inhibition decreased. Glycerol assimilation was harder and much more glycerol was consumed on cell maintenance at pH 6.5 and 7.5 than 7.0. This work facilitates further fermentation process optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Zhu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Baishan Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Ester, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Shizhen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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