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Ferdowsi M, Khabiri B, Buelna G, Jones JP, Heitz M. Air biofilters for a mixture of organic gaseous pollutants: an approach for industrial applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1019-1034. [PMID: 36001040 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hazardous airborne pollutants are frequently emitted to the atmosphere in the form of a gaseous mixture. Air biofilters as the primary biotechnological choice for waste gas treatment (low inlet concentration and high gas flow rate) should run properly when the feed contains multiple pollutants. Simultaneous removal of pollutants in biofilters has been extensively studied over the last 10 years. In this review, the results and findings of the mentioned studies including different groups of pollutants, such as methane (CH4) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are discussed. As the number of pollutants in a mixture increases, their elimination might become more complicated due to interactions between the pollutants. Parallel batch studies might be helpful to better understand these interaction effects in the absence of mass transfer limitations. Setting optimum operating conditions for removal of mixtures in biofilters is challenging because of opposing properties of pollutants. In biofilters, concerns, such as inlet gas composition variation and stability while dealing with abrupt inlet load and concentration changes, must be managed especially at industrial scales. Biofilters designed with multi-layer beds, allow tracking the fate of each pollutant as well as analyzing the diversity of microbial culture across the filter bed. Certain strategies are recommended to improve the performance of biofilters treating mixtures. For example, addition of (bio)surfactants as well as a second liquid phase in biotrickling filters might be considered for the elimination of multiple pollutants especially when hydrophobic pollutants are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ferdowsi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bahman Khabiri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gerardo Buelna
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Peter Jones
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michèle Heitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Effects of Water Content and Irrigation of Packing Materials on the Performance of Biofilters and Biotrickling Filters: A Review. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilters (BFs) and biotrickling filters (BTFs) are two types of bioreactors used for treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Both BFs and BTFs use packing materials in which various microorganisms are immobilised. The water phase in BFs is stationary and used to maintain the humidity of packing materials, while BTFs have a mobile liquid phase. Optimisation of irrigation of packing materials is crucial for effective performance of BFs and BTFs. A literature review is presented on the influence of water content of packing materials on the biofiltration efficiency of various pollutants. Different configurations of BFs and BTFs and their influence on moisture distribution in packing materials were discussed. The review also presents various packing materials and their irrigation control strategies applied in recent biofiltration studies. The sources of this review included recent research articles from scientific journals and several review articles discussing BFs and BTFs.
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Li J, Yue T. Effects of filler voidage on pressure drop and microbial community evolution in fungal bio-trickling filters. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129710. [PMID: 33524753 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bio-trickling filters (BTFs) can be used to remediate pollution by volatile organic compounds such as toluene. To investigate the effect of filler voidage on pressure drop (△P), two parallel BTFs were constructed using ceramsite with different voidages (47.5% for BTF1 and 55% for BTF2) and inoculated with Fusarium fungus to purify toluene. Commutation and stagnation operations were explored as ways to relieve △P. In BTF1, commutation temporarily relieved △P and maintained it for 7 days. Implementing stagnation on the 178th day for 69 days effectively reduced the △P from 720 Pa/m to below 20 Pa/m, which was maintained for 36 days. Compared with BTF1, the filler in BTF2 effectively delayed the increase in △P for 70 days or more and ensured stable operation for as long as 174 days. High-throughput sequencing revealed that Fusarium was mainly replaced by Protoctista, Fronsecaea and other fungi in both BTFs, although there were significant differences in their microbial communities. The influences of commutation and stagnation operations on fungal evolution were more obvious in BTF2, in relation to both time and space. The results provide guidance for designing better BTFs to treat hazardous pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection, Beijing, 100054, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Tao Yue
- Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection, Beijing, 100054, China.
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Yousefinejad A, Zamir SM, Nosrati M. Fungal elimination of toluene vapor in one- and two-liquid phase biotrickling filters: Effects of inlet concentration, operating temperature, and peroxidase enzyme activity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 251:109554. [PMID: 31541847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, performance of biotrickling filters (BTFs) inoculated with fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium at 30 °C and 40 °C in the absence and presence of silicone oil (10% v/v) was investigated. Removal of toluene was carried out at empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 1 min and at inlet concentrations of 0.5-4.4 g m-3 and 0.5-24.7 g m-3 for one-liquid phase (OLP-BTF) and two-liquid phase BTF (TLP-BTF), respectively. In general, at 40 °C, removal efficiencies (REs) > 80% were obtained in OLP-BTF for the inlet toluene concentrations < 2.5 g m-3, and REs > 70% were obtained for concentrations < 18 g m-3 in TLP-BTF. Based on the balanced equation for biodegradation, fungal respiration produced more CO2 in OLP-BTF (1.38 mol CO2/mole toluene) in comparison to TLP-BTF (0.67 mol CO2/mole toluene). In other words, the presence of oil enhanced microbial growth due to the increase of hydrophobic substrate bioavailability. The activity of extracellular ligninolytic manganese peroxidase (MnP) enzyme produced by the fungal culture was detected in the range of 27.6-71.6 U L-1 (μmol min-1 L-1) at 40 °C in TLP-BTF, while no enzymatic activity was detected in OLP-BTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yousefinejad
- Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), PO Box: 14115-143, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Zamir
- Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), PO Box: 14115-143, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nosrati
- Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), PO Box: 14115-143, Iran
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Boojari MA, Zamir SM, Rene ER, Shojaosadati SA. Performance assessment of gas-phase toluene removal in one- and two-liquid phase biotrickling filters using artificial neural networks. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:388-394. [PMID: 31228841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this work is to study gas-phase toluene removal in one- and two-liquid phase biotrickling filters (O/TLP-BTF) and model the BTF performance using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The TLP-BTF was operated for 60 d in the presence of silicone oil at empty bed residence times (EBRTs) of 120, 60, and 45 s, respectively, and toluene concentrations in the range of 0.9-3.1 g m-3. A t-test analysis indicated that increasing the silicone oil volume ratio from 5 to 10% v/v, did not significantly improve the TLP-BTF performance (p-value = 0.65 > 0.05). The results from ANN modeling showed that toluene removal was more negatively affected by the inlet concentration (casual index, CI = -5.63) due to the kinetic limitation. The CI values for inlet concentration (+4.01) and liquid trickling rate (-2.45) indicated that the diffusion-limited regime controlled the removal process in the OLP-BTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Boojari
- Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Zamir
- Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611, AX Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Seyed Abbas Shojaosadati
- Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
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Feng R, Zhao G, Yang Y, Xu M, Huang S, Sun G, Guo J, Li J. Enhanced biological removal of intermittent VOCs and deciphering the roles of sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol in biofilm formation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217401. [PMID: 31116790 PMCID: PMC6530866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing a robust biofilm is a prerequisite for a biotrickling filter to obtain the good performance in removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). But the biofilm formation can be seriously disturbed under intermittent loading condition due to carbon starvation stress in idle time. In this study, a biotrickling filter, with its packing materials being modified by 3% sodium alginate and 5% polyvinyl alcohol (v/v = 1:3), was employed to treat intermittent VOCs. Results showed that the removal efficiencies of toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, m-xylene, and o-xylene was significantly enhanced in the BTF compared to the control one. Under relatively lower inlet loading, nearly complete removal of the five pollutants was achieved. A quantitative analysis showed that the concentration of total organic compound (TOC) in the leachate maintained at a high level, and had a strongly positive correlation with the divergence of microbial communities. The capacity of biofilm formation in the BTF was approximately four-fold higher than the control BTF, while the quantity of EPS secreted was more than ten-fold. EPS comprised largely of protein, and to less extent, polysaccharide. The biofilm formed on the modified packing materials maintained higher levels of microbial diversity and stability, even when modifiers were complete depleted or the VOCs inlet loading was increased. This study highlights the importance of packing materials for reducing the gap in performance between laboratory and industrial applications of BTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang Feng
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yonggang Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Meiying Xu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaobin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guoping Sun
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jun Guo
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Feng R, Xu M, Li J, Huang S, Zhao G, Tu X, Sun G, Guo J. Structure and predictive functional profiling of microbial communities in two biotrickling filters treated with continuous/discontinuous waste gases. AMB Express 2019; 9:2. [PMID: 30610394 PMCID: PMC6320331 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two biotrickling filters were operated in continuous (BTF1) and discontinuous (BTF2) modes at a constant empty bed residence time of 60 s for 60 days. From day 60, the operation mode of each BTF was oppositely switched. Higher removal efficiencies of five aromatic pollutants were recorded with BTF1 (> 77.2%). The switch in the operation mode did not alter the removal performance of BTF1. Comparatively, BTF2 was not successfully acclimated in the discontinuous operation mode. Once the mode had been switched to continuous mode, the removal efficiencies of BTF2 on all pollutants increased drastically and finally exceeded the values observed in BTF1, with the single exception of p-xylene. Principle coordinate analysis and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed that the structure of the microbial communities differed considerably between both BTFs (R = 1.000, p < 0.01) as well as before and after the switch in BTF2 (R = 0.996, p < 0.01). The random forest model demonstrated that Mycobacterium, Burkholderia, and Comamonas were the three most important bacterial genera contributing to the differences in microbial communities between the two BTFs. Metagenomics inferred by PICUSt (phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states) indicated that BTF2 had high degradation potential for aromatic pollutants, although those genes involved in biofilm formation were less active in BTF2 than those in BTF1.
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Wu H, Guo C, Yin Z, Quan Y, Yin C. Performance and bacterial diversity of biotrickling filters filled with conductive packing material for the treatment of toluene. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 257:201-209. [PMID: 29501953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Toluene has high toxicity and mutagenicity, thus, the removal of toluene from air is necessary. In this study, two biotrickling filters (BTFs) were constructed and packed with conductive packing material to treat toluene waste gas. BTF-O exhibited good toluene removal performance even under high toluene inlet concentration, and over 80% of removal efficiency was observed. The elimination capacity reached 120.1 g/m3 h corresponding to an inlet concentration of 2.259 g/m3 under 61.5 s of empty bed retention time. During toluene biodegradation, the output voltage was observed in BTF-O and BTF-E, moreover BTF-E also showed slight power storage capacity. The applied voltage inhibited toluene removal and affected the bacterial community. The predominant bacterial genera in BTF-O were Acidovorax, Rhodococcus, Hydrogenophaga, Brevundimonas, Arthrobacter, Pseudoxanthomonas, Devosia, Gemmobacter, Rhizobium, Dokdonella and Pseudomonas. Genera Xanthobacter and Pelomonas accounted for the main bacterial community in BTF-E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Chunyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Zhenhao Yin
- Analytical and Testing Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yue Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Chengri Yin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Analytical and Testing Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
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Biodegradation of benzo[α]pyrene, toluene, and formaldehyde from the gas phase by a consortium of Rhodococcus erythropolis and Fusarium solani. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6765-6777. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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