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Wang D, Wang X, Han J, You C, Liu Z, Wu Z. Effect of Lacticaseibacillus casei LC2W Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Subjects at High Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10312-5. [PMID: 38954305 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global epidemic complex and will cause serious metabolic comorbidities without treatment. A prevention strategy for MetS development has been proposed to modulate gut microbiota by probiotic administration to improve intestinal dysbiosis and benefit the host. Lacticaseibacillus casei LC2W has exhibited positive effects in preventing colitis and anti-hypertension in vivo. However, the effect of L. casei LC2W on subjects at high risk of MetS is unknown. Here, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 60 subjects with high risk of MetS, and the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity and possible pathways of L. casei LC2W were inferred from the correlation analysis with gut microbiome composition, function, and clinical phenotypic indicators. The results showed that oral administration of L. casei LC2W could exert significant benefits on weight control, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters, and SCFA production, as well as modulate the composition of gut microbiota. The relative abundance of Lacticaseibacillus, Bifidobacterium, Dorea, and Blautia was enriched, and their interaction with other gut microbes was strengthened by oral administration of L. casei LC2W, which was beneficial in ameliorating gut inflammation, promoting glucose and lipids degradation pathways, thus alleviated MetS. The present study confirmed the prevention effects of L. casei LC2W towards MetS from aspects of clinical outcomes and microflora modulation, providing an alternative strategy for people at high risk of MetS.Trial registration: The study was proactively registered in ClinicalTrial.gov with the registration number of ChiCTR2000031833 on April 09, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200436, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200436, PR China
| | - Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200436, PR China
| | - Chunping You
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200436, PR China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200436, PR China
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200436, PR China.
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Wang L, Liu B, Meng Q, Yang C, Hu Y, Wang C, Wu P, Ruan C, Li W, Cheng S, Guo S. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cellular engineering for the production of FAME biodiesel. AMB Express 2024; 14:42. [PMID: 38658521 PMCID: PMC11043267 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The unsustainable and widespread utilization of fossil fuels continues to drive the rapid depletion of global supplies. Biodiesel has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to conventional diesel, leading to growing research interest in its production. Microbes can facilitate the de novo synthesis of a type of biodiesel in the form of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolic activity was engineered to facilitate enhanced FAME production. Initially, free fatty acid concentrations were increased by deleting two acetyl-CoA synthetase genes (FAA1, FAA4) and an acyl-CoA oxidase gene (POX1). Intracellular S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) levels were then enhanced via the deletion of an adenosine kinase gene (ADO1) and the overexpression of a SAM synthetase gene (SAM2). Lastly, the S. cerevisiae strain overproducing free fatty acids and SAM were manipulated to express a plasmid encoding the Drosophila melanogaster Juvenile Hormone Acid O-Methyltransferase (DmJHAMT). Using this combination of engineering approaches, a FAME concentration of 5.79 ± 0.56 mg/L was achieved using these cells in the context of shaking flask fermentation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed study of FAME production in S. cerevisiae. These results will provide a valuable basis for future efforts to engineer S. cerevisiae strains for highly efficient production of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiyou Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Qingshan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunchun Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Yiyi Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Pengyu Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Chen Ruan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Wenhuan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Shuang Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China.
| | - Shuxian Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China.
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Hu ZC, Tao YC, Pan JC, Zheng CM, Wang YS, Xue YP, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Breeding of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a High-Throughput Screening Strategy for Improvement of S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1450-1463. [PMID: 37418127 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM), a vital physiologically active substance in living organisms, is produced by fermentation over Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The main limitation in SAM production was the low biosynthesis ability of SAM in S. cerevisiae. The aim of this work is to breed an SAM-overproducing mutant through UV mutagenesis coupled with high-throughput selection. Firstly, a high-throughput screening method by rapid identification of positive colonies was conducted. White colonies on YND medium were selected as positive strains. Then, nystatin/sinefungin was chosen as a resistant agent in directed mutagenesis. After several cycles of mutagenesis, a stable mutant 616-19-5 was successfully obtained and exhibited higher SAM production (0.41 g/L vs 1.39 g/L). Furthermore, the transcript levels of the genes SAM2, ADO1, and CHO2 involved in SAM biosynthesis increased, while ergosterol biosynthesis genes in mutant 616-19-5 significantly decreased. Finally, building on the above work, S. cerevisiae 616-19-5 could produce 10.92 ± 0.2 g/L SAM in a 5-L fermenter after 96 h of fermentation, showing a 2.02-fold increase in the product yield compared with the parent strain. Paving the way of breeding SAM-overproducing strain has improved the good basis for SAM industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ce Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Chao Tao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Chao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chui-Mu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
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Lv Y, Chang J, Zhang W, Dong H, Chen S, Wang X, Zhao A, Zhang S, Alam MA, Wang S, Du C, Xu J, Wang W, Xu P. Improving Microbial Cell Factory Performance by Engineering SAM Availability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3846-3871. [PMID: 38372640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Methylated natural products are widely spread in nature. S-Adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) is the secondary abundant cofactor and the primary methyl donor, which confer natural products with structural and functional diversification. The increasing demand for SAM-dependent natural products (SdNPs) has motivated the development of microbial cell factories (MCFs) for sustainable and efficient SdNP production. Insufficient and unsustainable SAM availability hinders the improvement of SdNP MCF performance. From the perspective of developing MCF, this review summarized recent understanding of de novo SAM biosynthesis and its regulatory mechanism. SAM is just the methyl mediator but not the original methyl source. Effective and sustainable methyl source supply is critical for efficient SdNP production. We compared and discussed the innate and relatively less explored alternative methyl sources and identified the one involving cheap one-carbon compound as more promising. The SAM biosynthesis is synergistically regulated on multilevels and is tightly connected with ATP and NAD(P)H pools. We also covered the recent advancement of metabolic engineering in improving intracellular SAM availability and SdNP production. Dynamic regulation is a promising strategy to achieve accurate and dynamic fine-tuning of intracellular SAM pool size. Finally, we discussed the design and engineering constraints underlying construction of SAM-responsive genetic circuits and envisioned their future applications in developing SdNP MCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jinmian Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corporation Limited, 678 Tianchen Street, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Hanyu Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Song Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Md Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shilei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chaojun Du
- Nanyang Research Institute of Zhengzhou University, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Nanyang 473004, China
| | - Jingliang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Weigao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
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Fu X, Zuo X, Zhao X, Zhang H, Zhang C, Lu W. Characterization and designing of an SAM riboswitch to establish a high-throughput screening platform for SAM overproduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3622-3637. [PMID: 37691180 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosyl- l-methionine (SAM) is a high-value compound widely used in the treatment of various diseases. SAM can be produced through fermentation, but further enhancing the microbial production of SAM requires novel high-throughput screening methods for rapid detection and screening of mutant libraries. In this work, an SAM-OFF riboswitch capable of responding to the SAM concentration was obtained and a high-throughput platform for screening SAM overproducers was established. SAM synthase was engineered by semirational design and directed evolution, which resulted in the SAM2S203F,W164R,T251S,Y285F,S365R mutant with almost twice higher catalytic activity than the parental enzyme. The best mutant was then introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741, and the resulting strain BSM8 produced a sevenfold higher SAM titer in shake-flask fermentation, reaching 1.25 g L-1 . This work provides a reference for designing biosensors to dynamically detect metabolite concentrations for high-throughput screening and the construction of effective microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoru Zuo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huizhi Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanbo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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6
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Lee JM, Park MH, Park BS, Oh MK. Production of S-methyl-methionine using engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae sake K6. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 50:kuad026. [PMID: 37653437 PMCID: PMC10495038 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
S-methyl-methionine (SMM), also known as vitamin U, is an important food supplement produced by various plants. In this study, we attempted to produce it in an engineered microorganism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, by introducing an MMT gene encoding a methionine S-methyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana. The S. cerevisiae sake K6 strain, which is a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) strain, was chosen as the host because it produces a significant amount of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a precursor of SMM. To increase SMM production in the host, MHT1 and SAM4 genes encoding homocysteine S-methyltransferase were knocked out to prevent SMM degradation. Additionally, MMP1, which encodes S-methyl-methionine permease, was deleted to prevent SMM from being imported into the cell. Finally, ACS2 gene encoding acetyl-CoA synthase was overexpressed, and MLS1 gene encoding malate synthase was deleted to increase SAM availability. Using the engineered strain, 1.92 g/L of SMM was produced by fed-batch fermentation. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY Introducing a plant-derived MMT gene encoding methionine S-methyltransferase into engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae sake K6 allowed microbial production of S-methyl-methionine (SMM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Min Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-763, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Park
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-763, Korea
| | - Bu-Soo Park
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-763, Korea
- Samyang Corp. 295 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Oh
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-763, Korea
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7
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Chen Y, Zheng H, Yang J, Cao Y, Zhou H. Development of a synthetic transcription factor-based S-adenosylmethionine biosensor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:255-262. [PMID: 36550338 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a crucial small-molecule metabolite widely used in food and medicine. The development of high-throughput biosensors for SAM biosynthesis can significantly improve the titer of SAM. This paper constructed a synthetic transcription factor (TF)-based biosensor for SAM detecting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The synthetic TF, named MetJ-hER-VP16, consists of an Escherichia coli-derived DNA-binding domain MetJ, GS linker, the human estrogen receptor binding domain hER, and the viral activation domain VP16. The synthetic biosensor is capable of sensing SAM in a dose-dependent manner with fluorescence as the output. Additionally, it is tightly regulated by the inducer SAM and β-estradiol, which means that the fluorescence output is only available when both are present together. The synthetic SAM biosensor could potentially be applied for high-throughput metabolic engineering and is expected to improve SAM production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Chen
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huijie Zheng
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Cao
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyun Zhou
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
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Guo Y, Wang H, Wei X, Wang Z, Wang H, Chen J, Li J, Liu J. Utilization of high-K+-cane molasses for enhanced S-Adenosylmethionine production by manipulation of a K+ transport channel in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Jiao H, Xu W, Hu Y, Tian R, Wang Z. Citric Acid in Rice Root Exudates Enhanced the Colonization and Plant Growth-Promoting Ability of Bacillus altitudinis LZP02. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0100222. [PMID: 36264248 PMCID: PMC9769925 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01002-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploration of the underlying mechanisms of plant-microbe interactions is very important. In the present study, citric acid in the root exudates of rice significantly enhanced the colonization of Bacillus altitudinis LZP02 in the rhizosphere. According to the results of transcriptome and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR or analyses, citric acid increased the expression of several genes involved in bacterial chemotaxis and biofilm formation in B. altitudinis LZP02. In addition, citric acid also increased the expression of several genes associated with S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis and metabolism. Interestingly, the secretion of citric acid by rice roots could be increased by inoculation with B. altitudinis LZP02. The result indicated that citric acid might be a vital signal in the interaction between rice and B. altitudinis LZP02. Further verification showed that citric acid enhanced the plant growth-promoting ability of B. altitudinis LZP02. IMPORTANCE In a previous study, the mechanism by which citric acid in rice root exudates enhanced the colonization of Bacillus altitudinis LZP02 was discovered. The present study verified that citric acid increased the recruitment and rice growth-promoting ability of B. altitudinis LZP02. These findings serve as an interesting case for explaining the underlying mechanisms of plant-microbe interactions. Henceforth, citric acid and B. altitudinis LZP02 could be exploited for the development of sustainable agronomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Jiao
- School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, China
| | - Weihui Xu
- School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yunlong Hu
- School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, China
| | - Renmao Tian
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhigang Wang
- School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, China
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10
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Negoro H, Ishida H. Development of sake yeast breeding and analysis of genes related to its various phenotypes. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:6825454. [PMID: 36370450 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sake is a traditional Japanese alcoholic beverage made from rice and water, fermented by the filamentous fungi Aspergillus oryzae and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast strains, also called sake yeasts, with high alcohol yield and the ability to produce desired flavor compounds in the sake, have been isolated from the environment for more than a century. Furthermore, numerous methods to breed sake yeasts without genetic modification have been developed. The objectives of breeding include increasing the efficiency of production, improving the aroma and taste, enhancing safety, imparting functional properties, and altering the appearance of sake. With the recent development of molecular biology, the suitable sake brewing characteristics in sake yeasts, and the causes of acquisition of additional phenotypes in bred yeasts have been elucidated genetically. This mini-review summarizes the history and lineage of sake yeasts, their genetic characteristics, the major breeding methods used, and molecular biological analysis of the acquired strains. The data in this review on the metabolic mechanisms of sake yeasts and their genetic profiles will enable the development of future strains with superior phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Negoro
- Research Institute, Gekkeikan Sake Co. Ltd., 101 Shimotoba-koyanagi-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8385, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishida
- Research Institute, Gekkeikan Sake Co. Ltd., 101 Shimotoba-koyanagi-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8385, Japan
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11
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Oral administration of Blautia wexlerae ameliorates obesity and type 2 diabetes via metabolic remodeling of the gut microbiota. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4477. [PMID: 35982037 PMCID: PMC9388534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is an important determinant in various diseases. Here we perform a cross-sectional study of Japanese adults and identify the Blautia genus, especially B. wexlerae, as a commensal bacterium that is inversely correlated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oral administration of B. wexlerae to mice induce metabolic changes and anti-inflammatory effects that decrease both high-fat diet–induced obesity and diabetes. The beneficial effects of B. wexlerae are correlated with unique amino-acid metabolism to produce S-adenosylmethionine, acetylcholine, and l-ornithine and carbohydrate metabolism resulting in the accumulation of amylopectin and production of succinate, lactate, and acetate, with simultaneous modification of the gut bacterial composition. These findings reveal unique regulatory pathways of host and microbial metabolism that may provide novel strategies in preventive and therapeutic approaches for metabolic disorders. Here, the authors inversely associate Blautia wexlerae with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans and further show that administration of B. wexlerae to mice decrease both high-fat diet–induced obesity and diabetes via modulating gut microbial metabolism.
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Zou D, Zhao Z, Li L, Min Y, Zhang D, Ji A, Jiang C, Wei X, Wu X. A comprehensive review of spermidine: Safety, health effects, absorption and metabolism, food materials evaluation, physical and chemical processing, and bioprocessing. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2820-2842. [PMID: 35478379 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spermidine, a natural autophagy inducer, has a variety of health effects, such as antitumor, antiaging, anti-inflammation, cardiovascular protection, and neuromodulation. It has been a hot topic in the field of food processing, and current research findings suggest that spermidine-rich foods may be used in intervention and prevention of age-related diseases. In this article, recent findings on the safety, health effects, absorption and metabolism of spermidine were reviewed, and advances in food processing, including the raw materials evaluation, physical and chemical processing, and biological processing of spermidine, were highlighted. In particular, the core metabolic pathways, key gene targets, and efficient metabolic engineering strategies involved in the biosynthesis of spermidine and its precursors were discussed. Moreover, limitations and future perspectives of spermidine research were proposed. The purpose of this review is to provide new insights on spermidine from its safety to its food processing, which will advance the commercial production and applications of spermidine-rich foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Zou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Min
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Daiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anying Ji
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
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Blitzblau HG, Consiglio AL, Teixeira P, Crabtree DV, Chen S, Konzock O, Chifamba G, Su A, Kamineni A, MacEwen K, Hamilton M, Tsakraklides V, Nielsen J, Siewers V, Shaw AJ. Production of 10-methyl branched fatty acids in yeast. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:12. [PMID: 33413611 PMCID: PMC7791843 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the environmental value of biobased lubricants, they account for less than 2% of global lubricant use due to poor thermo-oxidative stability arising from the presence of unsaturated double bonds. Methyl branched fatty acids (BFAs), particularly those with branching near the acyl-chain mid-point, are a high-performance alternative to existing vegetable oils because of their low melting temperature and full saturation. RESULTS We cloned and characterized two pathways to produce 10-methyl BFAs isolated from actinomycetes and γ-proteobacteria. In the two-step bfa pathway of actinomycetes, BfaB methylates Δ9 unsaturated fatty acids to form 10-methylene BFAs, and subsequently, BfaA reduces the double bond to produce a fully saturated 10-methyl branched fatty acid. A BfaA-B fusion enzyme increased the conversion efficiency of 10-methyl BFAs. The ten-methyl palmitate production (tmp) pathway of γ-proteobacteria produces a 10-methylene intermediate, but the TmpA putative reductase was not active in E. coli or yeast. Comparison of BfaB and TmpB activities revealed a range of substrate specificities from C14-C20 fatty acids unsaturated at the Δ9, Δ10 or Δ11 position. We demonstrated efficient production of 10-methylene and 10-methyl BFAs in S. cerevisiae by secretion of free fatty acids and in Y. lipolytica as triacylglycerides, which accumulated to levels more than 35% of total cellular fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS We report here the characterization of a set of enzymes that can produce position-specific methylene and methyl branched fatty acids. Yeast expression of bfa enzymes can provide a platform for the large-scale production of branched fatty acids suitable for industrial and consumer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Blitzblau
- Novogy, Inc., 85 Bolton Street, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA.
- Ginkgo BioWorks, 27 Drydock Ave., Boston, MA, 02210, USA.
| | - Andrew L Consiglio
- Novogy, Inc., 85 Bolton Street, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
- Ginkgo BioWorks, 27 Drydock Ave., Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Paulo Teixeira
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Shuyan Chen
- Novogy, Inc., 85 Bolton Street, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
- Ginkgo BioWorks, 27 Drydock Ave., Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Oliver Konzock
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gamuchirai Chifamba
- Novogy, Inc., 85 Bolton Street, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
- Ginkgo BioWorks, 27 Drydock Ave., Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Austin Su
- Novogy, Inc., 85 Bolton Street, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Annapurna Kamineni
- Novogy, Inc., 85 Bolton Street, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
- Ginkgo BioWorks, 27 Drydock Ave., Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Kyle MacEwen
- Novogy, Inc., 85 Bolton Street, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
- Ginkgo BioWorks, 27 Drydock Ave., Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Maureen Hamilton
- Novogy, Inc., 85 Bolton Street, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
- Ginkgo BioWorks, 27 Drydock Ave., Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Vasiliki Tsakraklides
- Novogy, Inc., 85 Bolton Street, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
- Ginkgo BioWorks, 27 Drydock Ave., Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- BioInnovation Institute, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Verena Siewers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Joe Shaw
- Novogy, Inc., 85 Bolton Street, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
- Manus Biosynthesis, 1030 Massachusetts Ave. #300, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Khella MS, Bröhm A, Weirich S, Jeltsch A. Mechanistic Insights into the Allosteric Regulation of the Clr4 Protein Lysine Methyltransferase by Autoinhibition and Automethylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228832. [PMID: 33266419 PMCID: PMC7700585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clr4 is a histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe that is essential for heterochromatin formation. Previous biochemical and structural studies have shown that Clr4 is in an autoinhibited state in which an autoregulatory loop (ARL) blocks the active site. Automethylation of lysine residues in the ARL relieves autoinhibition. To investigate the mechanism of Clr4 regulation by autoinhibition and automethylation, we exchanged residues in the ARL by site-directed mutagenesis leading to stimulation or inhibition of automethylation and corresponding changes in Clr4 catalytic activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Clr4 prefers monomethylated (H3K9me1) over unmodified (H3K9me0) histone peptide substrates, similar to related human enzymes and, accordingly, H3K9me1 is more efficient in overcoming autoinhibition. Due to enzyme activation by automethylation, we observed a sigmoidal dependence of Clr4 activity on the AdoMet concentration, with stimulation at high AdoMet levels. In contrast, an automethylation-deficient mutant showed a hyperbolic Michaelis–Menten type relationship. These data suggest that automethylation of the ARL could act as a sensor for AdoMet levels in cells and regulate the generation and maintenance of heterochromatin accordingly. This process could connect epigenome modifications with the metabolic state of cells. As other human protein lysine methyltransferases (for example, PRC2) also use automethylation/autoinhibition mechanisms, our results may provide a model to describe their regulation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina S. Khella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.B.); (S.W.)
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Alexander Bröhm
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Sara Weirich
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Albert Jeltsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.B.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-711-685-64390; Fax: +49-711-685-64392
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Križanović S, Stanzer D, Mrvčić J, Hanousek-Čiča K, Kralj E, Čanadi Jurešić G. Lipid Composition of Sheffersomyces stipitis M12 Strain Grown on Glycerol as a Carbon Source. Food Technol Biotechnol 2020; 58:203-213. [PMID: 32831572 PMCID: PMC7416122 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.58.02.20.6540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background In this study the content and composition of lipids in ergosterol-reduced Sheffersomyces stipitis M12 strain grown on glycerol as a carbon source is determined. Blocking the ergosterol synthesis route in yeast cells is a recently proposed method for increasing S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) production. Experimental approach The batch cultivation of M12 yeast was carried out under aerobic conditions in a laboratory bioreactor with glycerol as carbon source, and with pulsed addition of methionine. Glycerol and SAM content were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography, while fatty acid composition of different lipid classes, separated by solid phase extraction, was determined by gas chromatography. Results and conclusion Despite the reduced amount of ergosterol in yeast cells, thanks to the reorganized lipid metabolism, M12 strain achieved high biomass yield and SAM production. Neutral lipids prevailed (making more than 75% of total lipids), but their content and composition differed significantly in the two tested types of yeast. Unsaturated and C18 fatty acids prevailed in both the M12 strain and wild type. In all fractions except free fatty acids, the index of unsaturation in M12 strain was lower than in the wild strain. Our tested strain adjusts itself by changing the content of lipids (mainly phospholipids, sterols and sterol esters), and with desaturation adjustments, to maintain proper functioning and fulfil increased energy needs. Novelty and scientific contribution Reorganization of S. stipitis lipid composition caused by blocking the metabolic pathway of ergosterol synthesis was presented. A simple scheme of actual lipid metabolism during active SAM production in S. stipitis, grown on glycerol was constructed and shown. This fundamental knowledge of lipid metabolic pathways will be a helpful tool in improving S. stipitis as an expression host and a model organism, opening new perspectives for its applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Križanović
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Stanzer
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Mrvčić
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karla Hanousek-Čiča
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elizabeta Kralj
- Karlovac University of Applied Science, Trg Josipa Jurja Strossmayera 9, 47000 Karlovac, Croatia
| | - Gordana Čanadi Jurešić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Enhancement of S-adenosylmethionine production by deleting thrB gene and overexpressing SAM2 gene in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2293-2298. [PMID: 32577851 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To improve the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) production in methionine-free medium, effects of deleting genes of SAM decarboxylase (speD) and homoserine kinase (thrB) on SAM titers were investigated, and the SAM synthetase gene (SAM2) was also overexpressed. RESULTS In B. amyloliquefaciens HSAM2, deleting speD to block the SAM utilization pathway significantly reduced the SAM titer. After knockout of thrB to block the branched pathway, the resulted mutant HSAM4 produced 143.93 mg/L SAM, increasing by 42% than HSAM2. Further plasmid-based expression of SAM2 improved the SAM titer to 226.92 mg/L, and final optimization of key fermentation parameters resulted in the maximum SAM titer of 412.01 mg/L in flasks batch fermentation. CONCLUSIONS Deleting thrB and overexpressing SAM2 gene were efficient for enhanced SAM production in B. amyloliquefaciens. The maximum SAM titer in flasks batch fermentation was much higher than that of previous reports.
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Cai D, Zhang B, Zhu J, Xu H, Liu P, Wang Z, Li J, Yang Z, Ma X, Chen S. Enhanced Bacitracin Production by Systematically Engineering S-Adenosylmethionine Supply Modules in Bacillus licheniformis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:305. [PMID: 32318565 PMCID: PMC7155746 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacitracin is a broad-spectrum veterinary antibiotic that widely used in the fields of veterinary drug and feed additive. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a critical factor involved in many biochemical reactions, especially antibiotic production. However, whether SAM affects bacitracin synthesis is still unknown. Here, we want to analyze the relationship between SAM supply and bacitracin synthesis, and then metabolic engineering of SAM synthetic pathway for bacitracin production in Bacillus licheniformis. Firstly, our results implied that SAM exogenous addition benefited bacitracin production, which yield was increased by 12.13% under the condition of 40 mg/L SAM addition. Then, SAM synthetases and Methionine (Met) synthetases from B. licheniformis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were screened and overexpressed to improve SAM accumulation, and the combination of SAM synthetase from S. cerevisiae and Met synthetase from B. licheniformis showed the best performance, and 70.12% increase of intracellular SAM concentration (31.54 mg/L) and 13.08% increase of bacitraicn yield (839.54 U/mL) were achieved in resultant strain DW2-KE. Furthermore, Met transporters MetN and MetP were, respectively, identified as Met exporter and importer, and bacitracin yield was further increased by 5.94% to 889.42 U/mL via deleting metN and overexpressing metP in DW2-KE, attaining strain DW2-KENP. Finally, SAM nucleosidase gene mtnN and SAM decarboxylase gene speD were deleted to block SAM degradation pathways, and bacitracin yield of resultant strain DW2-KENPND reached 957.53 U/mL, increased by 28.97% compared to DW2. Collectively, this study demonstrated that SAM supply served as the critical role in bacitracin synthesis, and a promising strain B. licheniformis DW2-KENPND was attained for industrial production of bacitracin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haixia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Lifecome Biochemistry Co., Ltd., Nanping, China
| | - Zhifan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Liu W, Tang D, Shi R, Lian J, Huang L, Cai J, Xu Z. Efficient production ofS‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine fromdl‐methionine in metabolic engineeredSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:3312-3323. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Dandan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyCollege of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Jiazhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Center for Synthetic Biology, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Zhinan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Center for Synthetic Biology, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou China
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19
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Ruan L, Li L, Zou D, Jiang C, Wen Z, Chen S, Deng Y, Wei X. Metabolic engineering of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for enhanced production of S-adenosylmethionine by coupling of an engineered S-adenosylmethionine pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:211. [PMID: 31516550 PMCID: PMC6732833 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a critical cofactor involved in many biochemical reactions. However, the low fermentation titer of SAM in methionine-free medium hampers commercial-scale production. The SAM synthesis pathway is specially related to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Therefore, the SAM synthesis pathway was engineered and coupled with the TCA cycle in B. amyloliquefaciens to improve SAM production in methionine-free medium. RESULTS Four genes were found to significantly affect SAM production, including SAM2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, metA and metB from Escherichia coli, and native mccA. These four genes were combined to engineer the SAM pathway, resulting in a 1.42-fold increase in SAM titer using recombinant strain HSAM1. The engineered SAM pathway was subsequently coupled with the TCA cycle through deletion of succinyl-CoA synthetase gene sucC, and the resulted HSAM2 mutant produced a maximum SAM titer of 107.47 mg/L, representing a 0.59-fold increase over HSAM1. Expression of SAM2 in this strain via a recombinant plasmid resulted in strain HSAM3 that produced 648.99 mg/L SAM following semi-continuous flask batch fermentation, a much higher yield than previously reported for methionine-free medium. CONCLUSIONS This study reports an efficient strategy for improving SAM production that can also be applied for generation of SAM cofactors supporting group transfer reactions, which could benefit metabolic engineering, chemical biology and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Dian Zou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Cong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhiyou Wen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011 USA
| | - Shouwen Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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20
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Abstract
Completion of the whole genome sequence of a laboratory yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 1996 ushered in the development of genome-wide experimental tools and accelerated subsequent genetic study of S. cerevisiae. The study of sake yeast also shared the benefit of such tools as DNA microarrays, gene disruption-mutant collections, and others. Moreover, whole genome analysis of representative sake yeast strain Kyokai no. 7 was performed in the late 2000s, and enabled comparative genomics between sake yeast and laboratory yeast, resulting in some notable finding for of sake yeast genetics. Development of next-generation DNA sequencing and bioinformatics also drastically changed the field of the genetics, including for sake yeast. Genomics and the genome-wide study of sake yeast have progressed under these circumstances during the last two decades, and are summarized in this article. Abbreviations: AFLP: amplified fragment length polymorphism; CGH: comparative genomic hybridization; CNV: copy number variation; DMS: dimethyl succinate; DSW: deep sea water; LOH: loss of heterozygosity; NGS: next generation sequencer; QTL: quantitative trait loci; QTN: quantitative trait nucleotide; SAM: S-adenosyl methionine; SNV: single nucleotide variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Akao
- a National Research Institute of Brewing , Higashi-hiroshima , Japan
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21
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Hayakawa K, Matsuda F, Shimizu H. 13C-metabolic flux analysis of ethanol-assimilating Saccharomyces cerevisiae for S-adenosyl-L-methionine production. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:82. [PMID: 29855316 PMCID: PMC5977476 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a host for the industrial production of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), which has been widely used in pharmaceutical and nutritional supplement industries. It has been reported that the intracellular SAM content in S. cerevisiae can be improved by the addition of ethanol during cultivation. However, the metabolic state in ethanol-assimilating S. cerevisiae remains unclear. In this study, 13C-metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA) was conducted to investigate the metabolic regulation responsible for the high SAM production from ethanol. RESULTS The comparison between the metabolic flux distributions of central carbon metabolism showed that the metabolic flux levels of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glyoxylate shunt in the ethanol culture were significantly higher than that of glucose. Estimates of the ATP balance from the 13C-MFA data suggested that larger amounts of excess ATP was produced from ethanol via increased oxidative phosphorylation. The finding was confirmed by the intracellular ATP level under ethanol-assimilating condition being similarly higher than glucose. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the enhanced ATP regeneration due to ethanol assimilation was critical for the high SAM accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Hayakawa
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,KANEKA Fundamental Technology Research Alliance Laboratories, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Biotechnology Development Laboratories, Health Care Solutions Research Institute, Kaneka Corporation, 1-8 Miyamae-cho, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo, 676-8688, Japan
| | - Fumio Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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22
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Chen Y, Tan T. Enhanced S-Adenosylmethionine Production by Increasing ATP Levels in Baker's Yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5200-5209. [PMID: 29722539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in baker's yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae), ATP functions as both a precursor and a driving force. However, few published reports have dealt with the control of ATP concentration using genetic design. In this study we have adopted a new ATP regulation strategy in yeast for enhancing SAM biosynthesis, including altering NADH availability and regulating the oxygen supply. Different ATP regulation systems were designed based on the introduction of water-forming NADH oxidase, Vitreoscilla hemoglobin, and phosphite dehydrogenase in combination with overexpression of the gene SAM2. Via application of this strategy, after 28 h cultivation, the SAM titer in the yeast strain ABYSM-2 reached a maximum level close to 55 mg/L, an increase of 67% compared to the control strain. The results show that the ATP regulation strategy is a valuable tool for SAM production and might further enhance the synthesis of other ATP-driven metabolites in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Chen
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang 471023 , P. R. China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China
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Yin C, Zheng T, Chang X. Biosynthesis of S-Adenosylmethionine by Magnetically Immobilized Escherichia coli Cells Highly Expressing a Methionine Adenosyltransferase Variant. Molecules 2017; 22:E1365. [PMID: 28820476 PMCID: PMC6152220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a natural metabolite having important uses in the treatment of various diseases. To develop a simple and effective way to produce SAM, immobilized Escherichia coli cells highly expressing an engineered variant of methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) were employed to synthesize SAM. The recombinant I303V MAT variant was successfully produced at approximately 900 mg/L in a 10-L bioreactor and exhibited significantly less product inhibition and had a four-fold higher specific activity (14.2 U/mg) than the wild-type MAT (3.6 U/mg). To reduce the mass transfer resistance, the free whole-cells were permeabilized and immobilized using gellan gum gel as support in the presence of 100 mg/L Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, and the highest activity (4152.4 U/L support) was obtained, with 78.2% of the activity recovery. The immobilized cells were more stable than the free cells under non-reactive conditions, with a half-life of 9.1 h at 50 °C. Furthermore, the magnetically immobilized cells were employed to produce SAM at a 40-mM scale. The residual activity of the immobilized cells was 67% of its initial activity after 10 reuses, and the conversion rate of ATP was ≥95% in all 10 batches. These results indicated that magnetically immobilized cells should be a promising biocatalyst for the biosynthesis of SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Yin
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Tao Zheng
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Xin Chang
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
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Enzymatic Synthesis of S-Adenosylmethionine Using Immobilized Methionine Adenosyltransferase Variants on the 50-mM Scale. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7080238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), an important metabolite in all living organisms, has been widely used to treat various diseases. To develop a simple and efficient method to produce SAM, an engineered variant of the methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) from Escherichia coli was investigated for its potential use in the enzymatic synthesis of SAM due to its significantly decreased product inhibition. The recombinant I303V MAT variant was successfully produced at a high level (~800 mg/L) with approximately four-fold higher specific activity than the wild-type MAT. The recombinant I303V MAT was covalently immobilized onto the amino resin and epoxy resin in order to obtain a robust biocatalyst to be used in industrial bioreactors. The immobilized preparation using amino resin exhibited the highest activity coupling yield (~84%), compared with approximately 3% for epoxy resin. The immobilized enzyme was more stable than the soluble enzyme under the reactive conditions, with a half-life of 229.5 h at 37 °C. The KmATP value (0.18 mM) of the immobilized enzyme was ca. two-fold lower than that of the soluble enzyme. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme showed high operational stability during 10 consecutive 8 h batches, with the substrate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) conversion rate above 95% on the 50-mM scale.
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Chen Y, Zhou H, Wang M, Tan T. Control of ATP concentration in Escherichia coli using an ATP-sensing riboswitch for enhanced S-adenosylmethionine production. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02538f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We proposed an ATP-sensing riboswitch-based strategy which could be applied to regulate the intracellular ATP concentration dynamically inE. coli. This strategy will be most beneficial for enhancing the production of the ATP-driven metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Chen
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- PR China
| | - Huiyun Zhou
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
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