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Khan SS, Kour D, Kaur T, Sharma A, Kumar S, Kumari S, Ramniwas S, Singh S, Negi R, Sharma B, Devi T, Kumari C, Kour H, Kaur M, Rai AK, Singh S, Rasool S, Yadav AN. Microbial Nanotechnology for Precision Nanobiosynthesis: Innovations, Current Opportunities and Future Perspectives for Industrial Sustainability. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:251. [PMID: 38954017 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A new area of biotechnology is nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is an emerging field that aims to develope various substances with nano-dimensions that have utilization in the various sectors of pharmaceuticals, bio prospecting, human activities and biomedical applications. An essential stage in the development of nanotechnology is the creation of nanoparticles. To increase their biological uses, eco-friendly material synthesis processes are becoming increasingly important. Recent years have shown a lot of interest in nanostructured materials due to their beneficial and unique characteristics compared to their polycrystalline counterparts. The fascinating performance of nanomaterials in electronics, optics, and photonics has generated a lot of interest. An eco-friendly approach of creating nanoparticles has emerged in order to get around the drawbacks of conventional techniques. Today, a wide range of nanoparticles have been created by employing various microbes, and their potential in numerous cutting-edge technological fields have been investigated. These particles have well-defined chemical compositions, sizes, and morphologies. The green production of nanoparticles mostly uses plants and microbes. Hence, the use of microbial nanotechnology in agriculture and plant science is the main emphasis of this review. The present review highlights the methods of biological synthesis of nanoparticles available with a major focus on microbially synthesized nanoparticles, parameters and biochemistry involved. Further, it takes into account the genetic engineering and synthetic biology involved in microbial nanobiosynthesis to the construction of microbial nanofactories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sharief Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, 182320, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Divjot Kour
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tanvir Kaur
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain University, Bengaluru, 560069, Karnataka, India
- Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, 303012, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpa Kumari
- Department of Physics, Rayat Bahra University, Mohali, 140105, Punjab, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- Department of Biotechnology, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Shaveta Singh
- Dolphin PG College of Life Sciences, Chunni Kalan, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeshwari Negi
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Babita Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tishu Devi
- Government College for Women, Parade, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Chandresh Kumari
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Vill-Bhajhol, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Harpreet Kour
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Physics, IEC University, Baddi, Solan, 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sangram Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shafaq Rasool
- Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, 182320, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India.
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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Vendrell-Puigmitja L, Bertrans-Tubau L, Roca-Ayats M, Llenas L, Proia L, Abril M. Exposure and recovery: The effect of different dilution factors of treated and untreated metal mining effluent on freshwater biofilm function and structure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 268:106843. [PMID: 38281390 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Abandoned mines generate effluents rich in heavy metals, and these contaminants are released uncontrolled into the nearby aquatic ecosystems, causing severe pollution. However, no real solution exists, leaving a legacy of global pollution. In this study, the efficiency of the treatment technologies in reducing the ecological impacts of mining effluents to freshwater ecosystems with different dilution capacities was tested using biofilm communities as biological indicators. The functional and structural recovery capacity of biofilm communities after 21 days of exposure was assessed. With this aim, we sampled aquatic biofilms from a pristine stream and exposed them to treated (T) and untreated (U) metal mining effluent from Frongoch abandoned mine (Mid Wales, UK). Additionally, we simulated two different flow conditions for the receiving stream: high dilution (HD) and low dilution (LD). After exposure, the artificial streams were filled with artificial water for 14 days to assess the biofilm recovery. Unexposed biofilm served as control for biofilm responses (functional and structural) measured throughout time. During the exposure, short term effects on biofilm functioning (photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient uptake) were observed in T-LD, U-HD, and U-LD, whereas long term effects (community composition, chl-a, and diatom metrics) were observed on the structure of all biofilms exposed to the treated and untreated mining effluent. On the other hand, metal accumulation occurred in biofilms exposed to the mining effluents. However, a functional recovery was observed for all treatments, except in the U-LD in which biofilm structure did not present a significant recovery after the exposure period. The results presented here highlight the need to consider the dilution capacity of the receiving stream to assess the real efficiency of treatment technologies applied to mining effluents to mitigate the ecological impact on freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Vendrell-Puigmitja
- BETA Tech Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Lluís Bertrans-Tubau
- BETA Tech Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Maria Roca-Ayats
- BETA Tech Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Laia Llenas
- BETA Tech Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Proia
- BETA Tech Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Meritxell Abril
- BETA Tech Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain.
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Min KH, Kim DH, Youn S, Pack SP. Biomimetic Diatom Biosilica and Its Potential for Biomedical Applications and Prospects: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2023. [PMID: 38396701 PMCID: PMC10889112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diatom biosilica is an important natural source of porous silica, with three-dimensional ordered and nanopatterned structures referred to as frustules. The unique features of diatom frustules, such as their high specific surface area, thermal stability, biocompatibility, and adaptable surface chemistry, render diatoms valuable materials for high value-added applications. These attributes make diatoms an exceptional cost-effective raw material for industrial use. The functionalization of diatom biosilica surface improves its biophysical properties and increases the potential applications. This review focuses on the potential uses of diatom biosilica including traditional approaches and recent progress in biomedical applications. Not only well-studied drug delivery systems but also promising uses on bone regeneration and wound healing are covered. Furthermore, considerable aspects and possible future directions for the use of diatom biosilica materials are proposed to develop biomedical applications and merit further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Ha Min
- Institution of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (D.H.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sol Youn
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (D.H.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (D.H.K.); (S.Y.)
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Sun X, Zhang M, Liu J, Hui G, Chen X, Feng C. The Art of Exploring Diatom Biosilica Biomaterials: From Biofabrication Perspective. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304695. [PMID: 38044309 PMCID: PMC10853744 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Diatom is a common single-cell microalgae with large species and huge biomass. Diatom biosilica (DB), the shell of diatom, is a natural inorganic material with a micro-nanoporous structure. Its unique hierarchical porous structure gives it great application potential in drug delivery, hemostat materials, and biosensors, etc. However, the structural diversity of DB determines its different biological functions. Screening hundreds of thousands of diatom species for structural features of DB that meet application requirements is like looking for a needle in a seaway. And the chemical modification methods lack effective means to control the micro-nanoporous structure of DB. The formation of DB is a typical biomineralization process, and its structural characteristics are affected by external environmental conditions, genes, and other factors. This allows to manipulate the micro-nanostructure of DB through biological regulation method, thereby transforming the screening mode of the structure function of DB from a needle in a seaway to biofabrication mode. This review focuses on the formation, biological modification, functional activity of DB structure, and its application in biomaterials field, providing regulatory strategies and research idea of DB from the perspective of biofabrication. It will also maximize the possibility of using DB as biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Sun
- College of Marine Life ScienceOcean University of China5# Yushan RoadQingdaoShandong Province266003China
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- College of Marine Life ScienceOcean University of China5# Yushan RoadQingdaoShandong Province266003China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- College of Marine Life ScienceOcean University of China5# Yushan RoadQingdaoShandong Province266003China
- Department of StomatologyQingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, QingdaoQingdao266034China
| | - Guangyan Hui
- Department of StomatologyQingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA NavyNo.18 Yueyang RoadQingdaoShandong Province266071China
| | - Xiguang Chen
- College of Marine Life ScienceOcean University of China5# Yushan RoadQingdaoShandong Province266003China
- Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of ChinaYazhou Bay Science & Technology CityFloor 7, Building 1, Yonyou Industrial ParkSanyaHainan Province572024P. R. China
- Laoshan Laboratory1# Wenhai RoadQingdaoShandong Province266000China
| | - Chao Feng
- College of Marine Life ScienceOcean University of China5# Yushan RoadQingdaoShandong Province266003China
- Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of ChinaYazhou Bay Science & Technology CityFloor 7, Building 1, Yonyou Industrial ParkSanyaHainan Province572024P. R. China
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Kamakura S, Ashworth MP, Yamada K, Mikami D, Kobayashi A, Idei M, Sato S. Morphological plasticity in response to salinity change in the euryhaline diatom Pleurosira laevis (Bacillariophyta). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:631-642. [PMID: 35796617 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pleurosira laevis is a salt-tolerant diatom distributed around the world. The valve of P. laevis has distinct structures called ocelli, which are sharply defined areas with fine, densely packed pores. Two formae of this diatom, P. laevis f. laevis and P. laevis f. polymorpha, are distinguished from each other by their flat or dome-shaped valve faces and degree of elevation of the ocelli, respectively. In this study, we established 4 strains of P. laevis isolated from freshwaters or coastal areas in Japan and the United States, and tracked the formation of newly formed valves with the fluorescent SDV-specific dye PDMPO in culture under several salinity conditions. The result clearly demonstrated the morphological plasticity of the valves, controlled by environmental salinity. The laevis form and polymorpha form valves were produced at salinities of 2 and 7, respectively. The salinity thresholds dictating the morphological plasticity of the valve were consistent in all 4 strains. A similar morphology to the polymorpha form was reproduced in a freshwater medium with the addition of sorbitol, suggesting that osmotic pressure plays a key role in this morphological plasticity. The highly reproducible and easily manipulated change in morphology makes this diatom an ideal model for lab experiments focusing on the molecular and genetic factors involved with valve morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Kamakura
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Obama, Fukui, 917-0003, Japan
| | - Matt P Ashworth
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station (A6700), Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Kazumasa Yamada
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Obama, Fukui, 917-0003, Japan
| | - Daichi Mikami
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Obama, Fukui, 917-0003, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Kanto Daiichi High School, 2-10-11 Matsushima, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0031, Japan
| | - Masahiko Idei
- Faculty of Education, Bunkyo University, 3337 Minami-ogishima, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8511, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Obama, Fukui, 917-0003, Japan
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Li Y, Zhang C, He X, Hu Z. Solids retention time dependent, tunable diatom hierarchical micro/nanostructures and their effect on nutrient removal. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 216:118346. [PMID: 35358880 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) micro/nanostructures of diatoms make them a promising biomaterial for fabricating nanomaterials, producing bioactive pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals, and removing micropollutants. For diatom production in a continuous flow system, little is known how bioreactor operating parameters, especially solids retention time (SRT), affect the 3D structures of diatoms. This study demonstrated that tunable diatom micro/nanostructures could be produced by varying the SRT of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). A diatom strain (Stephanodiscus hantzschii) was cultivated in two identical MBRs with a fixed hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h and staged SRTs from 5, to 10, and to 20 d. As SRTs increased from 5 to 20 d, important characteristics of diatom micro/nanostructures showed linear decreases: the diameters of foramina on the areola layer decreased from 170 ± 10 to 130 ± 12 nm, the numbers of nanopores per cribrum layer decreased from 20 ± 3 to 12 ± 2, and the specific surface areas of the diatoms decreased from 36.01 ± 1.27 to 12.67 ± 2.45 m2·g-1. However, the average diatom heights increased from 2.9 ± 0.3 to 3.9 ± 0.4 µm, while diatom cell diameter (5 µm) and nanopore size (20 nm) remained unchanged. The silicon content of diatoms also linearly increased with SRT. The decrease in diatom porosity and increase in silicon content were probably due to the reduced diatom growth rates (likely resulting in less pores) at increasing SRTs, which also facilitated silica deposition as the overall diatom population stayed longer in the MBRs. As the SRTs increased from 5 to 10, and to 20 d, the nitrate (NO3-) removal efficiency decreased from 75% to 70%, and to 60%, respectively, whereas phosphorus (P) removal efficiency increased from 74% to 80%, and to 90%, respectively. The opposite trends in efficiencies were because NO3--N was removed by cellular uptake and biomass waste whereas P was mainly removed through diatom-assisted chemical precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- NingboTech University, Ningbo 315000, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Chiqian Zhang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Xiaoqing He
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA.
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Multi-Element Composition of Diatom Chaetoceros spp. from Natural Phytoplankton Assemblages of the Russian Arctic Seas. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101009. [PMID: 34681108 PMCID: PMC8533213 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the long history of studying the elemental composition of phytoplankton and its individual ecological and systematic groups or specific algae species, the global dataset is far from completed. Our original research aims to study the elemental composition of a certain taxonomic group of marine diatoms, whose representatives make a significant contribution to primary production in the Arctic Ocean. The data on the chemical composition of diatom microalgae are discussed concerning their role in the global biogeochemical circulation of elements in the ocean. In particular, the obtained data make a prominent input to the study of the multi-element composition of marine diatom species, namely Chaetoceros spp., inhabiting the shelf seas of the Arctic Ocean. These data may be used as a basis for the cultivation of marine diatom strains for obtaining commercially promising producers of biogenic silica or valuable biological products that can be used as raw materials in the production of feed and nutrition for agriculture and aquaculture. Abstract Data on the elemental composition of the diatom Chaetoceros spp. from natural phytoplankton communities of Arctic marine ecosystems are presented for the first time. Samples were collected during the 69th cruise (22 August–26 September 2017) of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in the Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian Seas. The multi-element composition of the diatom microalgae was studied by ICP-AES and ICP-MS methods. The contents of major (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K and Ca), trace (Li, Be, B, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U) and rare earth (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) elements varied greatly, which was probably associated with the peculiarities of the functional state and mineral nutrition of phytoplankton in the autumn period. Biogenic silicon was the dominant component of the chemical composition of Chaetoceros spp., averaging 19.10 ± 0.58% of dry weight (DW). Other significant macronutrients were alkaline (Na and K) and alkaline earth (Ca and Mg) metals as well as biogenic (S and P) and essential (Al and Fe) elements. Their total contents varied from 1.26 to 2.72% DW, averaging 2.07 ± 0.43% DW. The Al:Si ratio for natural assemblages of Chaetoceros spp. of the shelf seas of the Arctic Ocean was 5.8 × 10−3. The total concentrations of trace and rare earth elements on average were 654.42 ± 120.07 and 4.14 ± 1.37 μg g−1 DW, respectively. We summarize the scarce data on the average chemical composition of marine and oceanic phytoplankton and discuss the limitations and approaches of such studies. We conclude on the lack of data and the need for further targeted studies on this issue.
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Pinto R, Vilarinho R, Carvalho AP, Moreira JA, Guimarães L, Oliva-Teles L. Raman spectroscopy applied to diatoms (microalgae, Bacillariophyta): Prospective use in the environmental diagnosis of freshwater ecosystems. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117102. [PMID: 33882320 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diatom species are good pollution bioindicators due to their large distribution, fast response to changes in environmental parameters and different tolerance ranges. These organisms are used in ecological water assessment all over the world using autoecological indices. Such assessments commonly rely on the taxonomic identification of diatom species-specific shape and frustule ornaments, from which cell counts, species richness and diversity indices can be estimated. Taxonomic identification is, however, time-consuming and requires years of expertise. Additionally, though the diatom autoecological indices are region-specific, they are often applied indiscriminately across regions. Raman spectroscopy is a simpler, fast and label-free technique that can be applied to environmental diagnosis with diatoms. However, this approach has been poorly explored. This work reviews Raman spectroscopy studies involving the structure, location and conformation of diatom cell components and their variation under different conditions. A critical appreciation of the pros and cons of its application to environmental diagnosis is also given. This knowledge provides a strong foundation for the development of environmental protocols using Raman spectroscopy in diatoms. Our work aims at stimulating further research on the application of Raman spectroscopy as a tool to assess physiological changes and water quality under a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pinto
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vilarinho
- IFIMUP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n. 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Paulo Carvalho
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Agostinho Moreira
- IFIMUP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n. 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Guimarães
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luís Oliva-Teles
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Soleimani M, Rutten L, Maddala SP, Wu H, Eren ED, Mezari B, Schreur-Piet I, Friedrich H, van Benthem RATM. Modifying the thickness, pore size, and composition of diatom frustule in Pinnularia sp. with Al 3+ ions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19498. [PMID: 33177559 PMCID: PMC7658998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic algae that produce a silica exoskeleton (frustule) which exposes a highly ordered nano to micro scale morphology. In recent years there has been a growing interest in modifying diatom frustules for technological applications. This is achieved by adding non-essential metals to the growth medium of diatoms which in turn modifies morphology, composition, and resulting properties of the frustule. Here, we investigate the frustule formation in diatom Pinnularia sp., including changes to overall morphology, silica thickness, and composition, in the presence of Al3+ ions at different concentrations. Our results show that in the presence of Al3+ the total silica uptake from the growth medium increases, although a decrease in the growth rate is observed. This leads to a higher inorganic content per diatom resulting in a decreased pore diameter and a thicker frustule as evidenced by electron microscopy. Furthermore, 27Al solid-state NMR, FIB-SEM, and EDS results confirm that Al3+ becomes incorporated into the frustule during the silicification process, thus, improving hydrolysis resistance. This approach may be extended to a broad range of elements and diatom species towards the scalable production of silica materials with tunable hierarchical morphology and chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Soleimani
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, and Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luco Rutten
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, and Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sai Prakash Maddala
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, and Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hanglong Wu
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, and Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E Deniz Eren
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, and Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Brahim Mezari
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Schreur-Piet
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, and Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Friedrich
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, and Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. .,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Rolf A T M van Benthem
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, and Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Goessling JW, Wardley WP, Lopez‐Garcia M. Highly Reproducible, Bio-Based Slab Photonic Crystals Grown by Diatoms. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903726. [PMID: 32440485 PMCID: PMC7237861 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Slab photonic crystals (PhCs) are photonic structures used in many modern optical technologies. Fabrication of these components is costly and usually involves eco-unfriendly methods, requiring modern nanofabrication techniques and cleanroom facilities. This work describes that diatom microalgae evolved elaborate and highly reproducible slab PhCs in the girdle, a part of their silicon dioxide exoskeletons. Under natural conditions in water, the girdle of the centric diatom Coscinodiscus granii shows a well-defined optical pseudogap for modes in the near-infrared (NIR). This pseudogap shows dispersion toward the visible spectral range when light is incident at larger angles, eventually facilitating in-plane propagation for modes in the green spectral range. The optical features can be modulated with refractive index contrast. The unit cell period, a critical factor controlling the pseudogap, is highly preserved within individuals of a long-term cultivated inbred line and between at least four different C. granii cell culture strains tested in this study. Other diatoms present similar unit cell morphologies with various periods. Diatoms thereby offer a wide range of PhC structures, reproducible and equipped with well-defined properties, possibly covering the entire UV-vis-NIR spectral range. Diatoms therefore offer an alternative as cost-effective and environmentally friendly produced photonic materials.
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11
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Grasso G, Zane D, Dragone R. Microbial Nanotechnology: Challenges and Prospects for Green Biocatalytic Synthesis of Nanoscale Materials for Sensoristic and Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 10:E11. [PMID: 31861471 PMCID: PMC7023511 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are increasingly being used in new products and devices with a great impact on different fields from sensoristics to biomedicine. Biosynthesis of nanomaterials by microorganisms is recently attracting interest as a new, exciting approach towards the development of 'greener' nanomanufacturing compared to traditional chemical and physical approaches. This review provides an insight about microbial biosynthesis of nanomaterials by bacteria, yeast, molds, and microalgae for the manufacturing of sensoristic devices and therapeutic/diagnostic applications. The last ten-year literature was selected, focusing on scientific works where aspects like biosynthesis features, characterization, and applications have been described. The knowledge, challenges, and potentiality of microbial-mediated biosynthesis was also described. Bacteria and microalgae are the main microorganism used for nanobiosynthesis, principally for biomedical applications. Some bacteria and microalgae have showed the ability to synthetize unique nanostructures: bacterial nanocellulose, exopolysaccharides, bacterial nanowires, and biomineralized nanoscale materials (magnetosomes, frustules, and coccoliths). Yeasts and molds are characterized by extracellular synthesis, advantageous for possible reuse of cell cultures and reduced purification processes of nanomaterials. The intrinsic variability of the microbiological systems requires a greater protocols standardization to obtain nanomaterials with increasingly uniform and reproducible chemical-physical characteristics. A deeper knowledge about biosynthetic pathways and the opportunities from genetic engineering are stimulating the research towards a breakthrough development of microbial-based nanosynthesis for the future scaling-up and possible industrial exploitation of these promising 'nanofactories'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Grasso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, ‘Sapienza’ Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy (R.D.)
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12
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Baldisserotto C, Sabia A, Ferroni L, Pancaldi S. Biological aspects and biotechnological potential of marine diatoms in relation to different light regimens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:35. [PMID: 30712106 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As major primary producers in marine environments, diatoms are considered a valuable feedstock of biologically active compounds for application in several biotechnological fields. Due to their metabolic plasticity, especially for light perception and use and in order to make microalgal production more environmentally sustainable, marine diatoms are considered good candidates for the large-scale cultivation. Among physical parameters, light plays a primary role. Even if sunlight is cost-effective, the employment of artificial light becomes a winning strategy if a high-value microalgal biomass is produced. Several researches on marine diatoms are designed to study the influence of different light regimens to increase biomass production enriched in biotechnologically high-value compounds (lipids, carotenoids, proteins, polysaccharides), or with emphasised photonic properties of the frustule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Baldisserotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sabia
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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