1
|
Li Y, Liang H, Cheng L, Yang W, Wang P, Gao D. Mainstream deammonification at ambient temperature treating real sewage by a plug-flow fixed-bed reactor based on zeolite/tourmaline-modified polyurethane carriers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129184. [PMID: 37207694 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A plug-flow fixed-bed reactor (PFBR) with zeolite/tourmaline-modified polyurethane (ZTP) carriers (PFBRZTP) was constructed to realize mainstream deammonification for real domestic sewage treatment. The PFBRZTP and PFBR were operated for 111 days treating aerobically pretreated sewage in parallel. A higher nitrogen removal rate of 0.12 kg N·(m3·d)-1 was achieved in PFBRZTP despite lowering the temperature (16.8-19.7 ℃) and fluctuating water quality. Meanwhile, it was indicated that anaerobic ammonium oxidation dominated (64.0 ±13.2%) in PFBRZTP, by nitrogen removal pathway analysis and high anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) activity (2.89 mg N·(g VSS·h)-1). And, the lower protein/polysaccharides (PS) ratio further indicated a better biofilm structure in PFBRZTP owing to a higher abundance of microorganisms relevant to PS and cryoprotective EPS secretion. Furthermore, partial denitrification was an important nitrite supply process in PFBRZTP based on low AOB activity/AnAOB activity ratio, higher Thauera abundance and a remarkably positive correlation between Thauera abundance and AnAOB activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction and Sustainable Urban-Rural Development in Beijing, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lang Cheng
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction and Sustainable Urban-Rural Development in Beijing, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction and Sustainable Urban-Rural Development in Beijing, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dawen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, China; Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction and Sustainable Urban-Rural Development in Beijing, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao S, Koch K, Duan H, Wells GF, Ye L, Zhao Y, Du R. In a quest for high-efficiency mainstream partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) implementation: One-stage or two-stage? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163540. [PMID: 37086997 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) process is known as an energy-efficient technology for wastewater nitrogen removal, which possesses a great potential to bring wastewater treatment plants close to energy neutrality with reduced carbon footprint. To achieve this goal, various PN/A processes implemented in a single reactor configuration (one-stage system) or two separately dedicated reactors configurations (two-stage system) were explored over the past decades. Nevertheless, large-scale implementation of these PN/A processes for low-strength municipal wastewater treatment has a long way to go owing to the low efficiency and effectiveness in nitrogen removal. In this work, we provided a comprehensive analysis of one-stage and two-stage PN/A processes with a focus on evaluating their engineering application potential towards mainstream implementation. The difficulty for nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) out-selection was revealed as the critical operational challenge to achieve the desired effluent quality. Additionally, the operational strategies of low oxygen commonly adopted in one-stage systems for NOB suppression and facilitating anammox bacteria growth results in a low nitrogen removal rate (NRR). Introducing denitrification into anammox system was found to be necessary to improve the nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) by reducing the produced nitrate with in-situ utilizing the organics from wastewater itself. However, this may lead to part of organics oxidized with additional oxygen consumed in one-stage system, further compromising the NRR. By applying a relatively high dissolved oxygen in PN reactor with residual ammonium control, and followed by a granules-based anammox reactor feeding with a small portion of raw municipal wastewater, it appeared that two-stage system could achieve a good effluent quality as well as a high NRR. In contrast to the widely studied one-stage system, this work provided a unique perspective that more effort should be devoted to developing a two-stage PN/A process to evaluate its application potential of high efficiency and economic benefits towards mainstream implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenbin Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany; College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering (FACTE), Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Haoran Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - George F Wells
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Liu Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yingfen Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen H, Liu K, Yang E, Chen J, Gu Y, Wu S, Yang M, Wang H, Wang D, Li H. A critical review on microbial ecology in the novel biological nitrogen removal process: Dynamic balance of complex functional microbes for nitrogen removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159462. [PMID: 36257429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The novel biological nitrogen removal process has been extensively studied for its high nitrogen removal efficiency, energy efficiency, and greenness. A successful novel biological nitrogen removal process has a stable microecological equilibrium and benign interactions between the various functional bacteria. However, changes in the external environment can easily disrupt the dynamic balance of the microecology and affect the activity of functional bacteria in the novel biological nitrogen removal process. Therefore, this review focuses on the microecology in existing the novel biological nitrogen removal process, including the growth characteristics of functional microorganisms and their interactions, together with the effects of different influencing factors on the evolution of microbial communities. This provides ideas for achieving a stable dynamic balance of the microecology in a novel biological nitrogen removal process. Furthermore, to investigate deeply the mechanisms of microbial interactions in novel biological nitrogen removal process, this review also focuses on the influence of quorum sensing (QS) systems on nitrogen removal microbes, regulated by which bacteria secrete acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as signaling molecules to regulate microbial ecology in the novel biological nitrogen removal process. However, the mechanisms of action of AHLs on the regulation of functional bacteria have not been fully determined and the composition of QS system circuits requires further investigation. Meanwhile, it is necessary to further apply molecular analysis techniques and the theory of systems ecology in the future to enhance the exploration of microbial species and ecological niches, providing a deeper scientific basis for the development of a novel biological nitrogen removal process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Laboratory of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ke Liu
- China Machinery International Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Enzhe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yanling Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang Y, Long Y, Xu J, Liu S, Liu L, Liu C, Tian Y. Achieving robust and highly efficient nitrogen removal in a mainstream anammox reactor by introducing low concentrations of readily biodegradable organics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1186819. [PMID: 37187540 PMCID: PMC10175599 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1186819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an anammox reactor was operated to treat low-strength (NH4+ + NO2-, 25-35 mg/L) wastewater without (phase I) or with (phase II) readily biodegradable chemical oxygen demand (rbCOD). In phase I, although efficient nitrogen removal was achieved at the beginning, nitrate accumulated in the effluent after long-term operation (75 days), resulting in a decrease in the nitrogen removal efficiency to 30%. Microbial analysis revealed that the abundance of anammox bacteria decreased from 2.15 to 1.78%, whereas that of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) increased from 0.14 to 0.56%. In phase II, rbCOD, in terms of acetate, was introduced into the reactor with a carbon/nitrogen ratio of 0.9. The nitrate concentration in the effluent decreased within 2 days. Advanced nitrogen removal was achieved in the following operation, with an average effluent total nitrogen of 3.4 mg/L. Despite the introduction of rbCOD, anammox pathway still dominated to the nitrogen loss. High-throughput sequencing indicated that high anammox abundance (2.48%) further supports its dominant position. The improvement in nitrogen removal was attributed to the enhanced suppression of NOB activity, simultaneous nitrate polishing through partial denitrification and anammox, and promotion of sludge granulation. Overall, the introduction of low concentrations of rbCOD is a feasible strategy for achieving robust and efficient nitrogen removal in mainstream anammox reactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Research Center of Concrete Technology Under Marine Environment, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yandong Yang,
| | - Yanan Long
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiarui Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shichong Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Tian
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Peng Y, Gao X, Li X. A novel process for anammox pretreatment of municipal wastewater: semi-partial nitrification, biological phosphorus removal and recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127585. [PMID: 35798168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Achieving simultaneous semi-partial nitrification and deep phosphorus removal is a preferred process technology for Anammox pretreatment. In this study, semi-partial nitrification combined with in-situ phosphorus recovery (PNPR) was used to treat municipal wastewater. The SRT conflict between the nitrification and phosphorus removal was resolved by in-situ phosphorus recovery every 20 cycles of Anaerobic/Oxid, and a supernatant with more than 10 times the influent phosphorus concentration was obtained, thus achieving bio-enhanced phosphorus removal and recovery with satisfactory semi-partial-nitrification effluent. Interestingly, the results showed that phosphorus removal and recovery process could improve the activity of AOB. The PNPR system's nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) and phosphorus removal rate (PRR) were more than 90% each, whereas the relative abundance of AOB and PAOs increased from 0.04% to 0.74% and from 0.25% to 0.70%, respectively (P < 0.01). Furthermore, on average, the NO2--Neff/NH4+-Neff value was 1.96, which laid the foundation for the subsequent anammox treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Xinjie Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shin C, Szczuka A, Liu MJ, Mendoza L, Jiang R, Tilmans SH, Tarpeh WA, Mitch WA, Criddle CS. Recovery of Clean Water and Ammonia from Domestic Wastewater: Impacts on Embodied Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8712-8721. [PMID: 35656915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of domestic wastewater can recover valuable resources, including clean water, energy, and ammonia. Important metrics for these systems are greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and embodied energy, both of which are location- and technology-dependent. Here, we determine the embodied energy and GHG emissions resulting from a conventional process train, and we compare them to a nonconventional process train. The conventional train assumes freshwater conveyance from a pristine source that requires energy for pumping (US average of 0.29 kWh/m3), aerobic secondary treatment with N removal as N2, and Haber-Bosch synthesis of ammonia. Overall, we find that this process train has an embodied energy of 1.02 kWh/m3 and a GHG emission of 0.77 kg-CO2eq/m3. We compare these metrics to those of a nonconventional process train that features anaerobic secondary treatment technology followed by further purification of the effluent by reverse osmosis and air stripping for ammonia recovery. This "short-cut" process train reduces embodied energy to 0.88 kWh/m3 and GHG emissions to 0.42 kg-CO2eq/m3, while offsetting demand for ammonia from the Haber-Bosch process and decreasing reliance upon water transported over long distances. Finally, to assess the potential impacts of nonconventional nitrogen removal technology, we compared the embodied energy and GHG emissions resulting from partial nitritation/anammox coupled to anaerobic secondary treatment. The resulting process train enabled a lower embodied energy but increased GHG emissions, largely due to emissions of N2O, a potent greenhouse gas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chungheon Shin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Re-Inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Codiga Resource Recovery Center (CR2C), 692 Pampas Lane, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Aleksandra Szczuka
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthew J Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 433 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lorelay Mendoza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 433 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Renjing Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sebastien H Tilmans
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Re-Inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Codiga Resource Recovery Center (CR2C), 692 Pampas Lane, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - William A Tarpeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 433 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Re-Inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - William A Mitch
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Re-Inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Craig S Criddle
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Re-Inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Codiga Resource Recovery Center (CR2C), 692 Pampas Lane, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahmad WA, Latif NA, Zaidel DNA, Ghazi RM, Terada A, Aguilar CN, Zakaria ZA. Microbial Biotransformation and Biomineralization of Organic-Rich Waste. CURRENT POLLUTION REPORTS 2021; 7:435-447. [DOI: 10.1007/s40726-021-00205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
8
|
Achieving high-rate partial nitritation with aerobic granular sludge at low temperatures. Biodegradation 2021; 33:45-58. [PMID: 34727273 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Partial nitritation is necessary for the implementation of the mainstream anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process in wastewater treatment plants. However, the difficulty in outcompeting nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) at mainstream conditions hinders the performance of partial nitritation. The present work aimed to develop a high-rate partial nitritation process for low-ammonium wastewater treatment at low temperatures by seeding aerobic granules. Experimental results suggested that both stratified structure of nitrifiers developed in the granules and sufficient residual ammonium concentration (18-35 mg N L-1) in the bulk liquid contributed to efficient NOB repression. With the hydraulic retention time progressively shortened from 1.0 to 0.17 h, the influent nitrogen loading rate of the partial nitritation process reached 6.8 ± 0.4 kg N m-3 d-1 even at 10-15 °C. The high concentration (7.5 gVSS L-1) and activity (0.48 g N g-1 VSS d-1 at 11 °C) of granular sludge made the reactor possess an overcapacity evaluated by the ratio between the actual ammonium oxidation rate of the granules and their maximum potential. The overcapacity helped the reactor to face the adverse effect of decreasing temperatures. Overall, this work indicated the great potential of applying aerobic granules to achieve high-rate partial nitritation at mainstream conditions. Moreover, anammox bacteria with a relative abundance of 2.8% was also identified in the partial nitritation granules at the end of this study, suggesting that the granules provided a habitable niche for anammox bacteria growth. Note that these results cannot fully relate to the treatment of real domestic/municipal wastewater, they are a source of important information increasing the knowledge about low temperature partial nitrification.
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Y, Zhang M, Xu D, Shan X, Zheng P. Potential of anammox process towards high-efficient nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment: Theoretical analysis and practical case with a SBR. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130729. [PMID: 34022604 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anammox process has been widely applied in the wastewater nitrogen removal for its high rate and low cost. However, few researches reported the process potential in treating low-strength nitrogen wastewater. In this study, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was taken to explore the feasibility of low-strength nitrogen wastewater treatment by anammox process in theory and practice. The practical operation indicated that the effluent with satisfactory quality (1.90 ± 0.70 mg-TN·L-1) could be achieved, when the SBR was fed with low-strength nitrogen influent (6.20 ± 0.45 mg-NH4+-N·L-1 and 7.96 ± 0.59 mg-NO2--N·L-1). The hydraulic retention time (HRT), nitrogen removal efficiency, nitrogen removal rate (NRR) and hydraulic loading rate of SBR were 5.42 h, 86.5%, 0.054 kg-N·m-3·d-1 and 4.43 m3·m-3·d-1 during the 79-day operation, respectively. The theoretical analysis revealed the potential of anammox SBR. When SBR is stably operated, the maximum NRR would be 0.062 kg-N·m-3·d-1 if the effluent nitrogen was required to be as low as 3 mg·L-1. The NRR value is feasible for engineering. However, considering the lower specific substrates utilization rate in practice, the maximum stable NRR was calibrated and found inefficient afterwards. In order to improve the potential of anammox process, the reactors without back mixing and with periodic bioaugmentation should be taken in priority for the engineering applications. In particular, the bioaugmentation frequency and single addition amount were calculated as 7 d and 0.3 g-VSS·L-1, respectively. The results may provide guidance for the development of high-efficient and stable nitrogen removal process under low-strength condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang J, Song J, Yin F, Shen Y, Yang D, Liu W. Insight into how high dissolved oxygen favors the startup of nitritation with aerobic granules. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:128643. [PMID: 33097238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate how high dissolved oxygen (DO) favors the startup of nitritation with aerobic granular sludge, two granular reactors were operated under low (1-2 mg O2·L-1) and high DO (3-5 mg O2·L-1) conditions with similar effluent ammonium concentrations (>20 mg N·L-1). The results showed that though nitritation with an average nitrite accumulation ratio of above 95% was finally achieved in both reactors, a five-fold start-up time (eleven weeks) was required for the low DO reactor compared to the high DO reactor. Moreover, the nitritation performance was positively correlated with the extent of nitrifiers stratification in granules. The faster startup of nitritation under high DO conditions mainly resulted from the faster formation of well-stratified nitrifiers, with ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) dominating granule surface. High DO operation combined with sufficient ammonium supply ensured the faster growth of AOB, which should provide a competitive advantage to AOB in competing for habitable space (i.e., granule surface). Besides, the lower porosity, larger size, and more active extracellular polymeric substances (particularly proteins) production of granules was observed under the high DO condition. Overall, these findings supported the proposition that the switch from mixed to stratified distribution of nitrifiers in granule was primarily driven by their competition for habitable space rather than by oxygen-limitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jiajun Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Fangfang Yin
- Suzhou Jing Yan Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yaoliang Shen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Dianhai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenru Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vdovina TV, Sirotkin AS, Kobeleva YV, Gorshkova ES. Bioaugmentation of Nitrifying Microorganisms to Increase the Efficiency of the Oxidation of Nitrogen Compounds during Wastewater Biofiltration. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820090094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Liu W, Song J, Wang J, Wu P, Shen Y, Yang D. Comparing nitrite-limited and ammonium-limited anammox processes treating low-strength wastewater: Functional and population heterogeneity. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127290. [PMID: 32535448 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomass segregation between granules/biofilm and flocs is widespread in anammox-based processes. The segregation of biomass allows for easy control of processes stability. The goal of this study is to understand the biomass segregation in two anoxic anammox reactors respectively operated in nitrite-limited (RNO2) and ammonium-limited (RNH4) modes treating low-strength wastewater at 20 °C. Results showed that size-based biomass segregation was developed in both reactors. But the functional and population heterogeneity was more significant in the ammonium-limited anammox reactor. The activity and abundance of anammox bacteria in large granules were significantly higher than that in flocs under the ammonium-limited conditions. The large granules played a major role in nitrogen removal in RNH4. By contrast, both large granules and small flocs contributed significantly to the nitrogen loss in the nitrite-limited anammox reactor, since a large number of anammox bacteria existed in both granules and flocs. Besides, a number of Nitrospira-like NOB were also detected in both anoxic anammox reactors, which primarily inhabited in flocs seemingly droved by the availability of oxygen. But the abundance of Nitrospira in RNH4 was much higher than that in RNO2. All these results suggested that selective flocs removal would be necessary for RNH4 to improve its anammox performance but non-essential for RNO2. The two anammox reactors shared the predominant anammox species with the closest relative to Ca. Brocadia sp. 40 (98%). Unexpectedly, the anammox species grew faster in RNH4. But the microbial diversity and evenness was much greater in RNO2, suggesting its higher functional stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenru Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Jiajun Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Peng Wu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Yaoliang Shen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Dianhai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yuan C, Wang B, Peng Y, Hu T, Zhang Q, Li X. Nutrient removal and microbial community in a two-stage process: Simultaneous enhanced biological phosphorus removal and semi-nitritation (EBPR-SN) followed by anammox. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123471. [PMID: 32388357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a two-stage process, including simultaneous enhanced biological phosphorus-removal and semi-nitritation (EBPR-SN) sequencing batch reactor (SBR), followed by Anammox SBR, to achieve advanced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal from real sewage with low carbon/nitrogen (2.82). The long-term operation suggested that removal efficiencies for TIN (86.2 ± 3.5%) and P (95.0 ± 5.5%) were stably obtained, with nitrite accumulation ratio of 98.7% in EBPR-SN SBR. Mechanism analysis indicated contribution of anammox to N-removal being 57.3%-73.7% and superior P-removal due to the majority of removed organics (~74.5%) being stored by polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs). In EBPR-SN SBR, high-throughput sequencing showed ammonium-oxidizing bacteria was 0.03% while nitrite-oxidizing bacteria was not detected, and PAOs accounted for 30.07%. In Anammox SBR, Candidatus Brocadia (9.75%) was the only anammox bacteria. Remarkably, short aerobic hydraulic retention time (4.29 h) with low DO (0.3-1.2 mg/L) during the whole process provided desirable energy-saving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuansheng Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Bo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Tiantian Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Deng S, Peng Y, Zhang L, Wu L. Advanced nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater via two-stage partial nitrification-simultaneous anammox and denitrification (PN-SAD) process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:122955. [PMID: 32062497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A modified two-stage anammox process was constructed and achieved advanced nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater. The first stage was Partial Nitrification (PN), in which nitrite accumulation rate was over 95% by controlling dissolved oxygen concentration (<1 mg/L) and aeration time (90-120 min). The second stage was simultaneous anammox and denitrification (SAD), in which the reactor was fed with the effluent of the first stage and a part of raw wastewater. The effluent total inorganic nitrogen (NH4+-N, NO2--N and NO3--N) was only 1.6 ± 0.8 mg N/L and the nitrogen removal efficiency reached 97.1%. The proportion of anammox in nitrogen removal was up to 73-82% and Candidatus Brocadia was the main anammox genus accounted for 8.0-2.2%. And partial denitrification occurred with the appearance of Thauera (0-1.0%). The PN-SAD process is an energy-saving treatment for municipal wastewater with a total hydraulic retention time of 6 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu P, Zhang X, Wang X, Wang C, Faustin F, Liu W. Characterization of the start-up of single and two-stage Anammox processes with real low-strength wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125572. [PMID: 31846786 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to promote the application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) for municipal wastewater treatment, single and two-stage Anammox processes were started up for real low-strength wastewater treatment under similar conditions for the comparison. Results showed that the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR)-Nitritation-Anammox and the ABR-Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen removal Over Nitrite (CANON) process took 75 days and 101 days to start up with a total nitrogen removal rate of 86-92% and 81-87% under steady state, respectively. The 16 S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that the phylum of Proteobacteria dominated in CANON system and Anammox system with the relative abundance of 35.39% and 15.27%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Anammox species, related to Ca. Brocadia Sinica JPN1 and Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis, dominated in these two systems, respectively. The nitrogen removal performance of two-stage process was 5% higher than that of single stage process, while the start-up period and dominated Anammox species were different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, PR China.
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Chaochao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Fangnigbe Faustin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Wenru Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guo Y, Chen Y, Webeck E, Li YY. Towards more efficient nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery from digestion effluent: Latest developments in the anammox-based process from the application perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 299:122560. [PMID: 31882199 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past forty years, anammox-based processes have been extensively researched and applied to some extent. However, some of the long-standing problems present serious impediments to wide application of these processes, and knowledge gap between lab-scale research and full-scale operations is still considerable. In recent years, anammox-based research has developed rapidly and some emerging concepts have been proposed. The focus of this review is on the critical problems facing actual application of anammox processes. The latest developments in anammox-based processes are summarized, and particular consideration is given to the following aspects: (1) the evolution of the chemical stoichiometry of anammox reaction; (2) the status of several main anammox-based processes; (3) the critical problems and countermeasures; (4) the emerging anammox-based processes; and (5) the suggested optimal process integrating partial nitritation, anammox, hydroxyapatite crystallization and denitratation for digestion effluent treatment towards more efficient nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Webeck
- Department of Metallurgy, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980 8579, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|