1
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Zhang Z, Xing J, Li X, Lu X, Liu G, Qu Y, Zhao J. Review of research progress on the production of cellulase from filamentous fungi. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134539. [PMID: 39122065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Cellulases have been widely used in many fields such as animal feed, textile, food, lignocellulose bioconversion, etc. Efficient and low-cost production of cellulases is very important for its industrial application, especially in bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass. Filamentous fungi are currently widely used in industrial cellulase production due to their ability to secrete large amounts of active free cellulases extracellularly. This review comprehensively summarized the research progress on cellulases from filamentous fungi in recent years, including filamentous fungi used for cellulase production and its modification strategies, enzyme compositions, characterization methods and application of fungal cellulase systems, and the production of fungal cellulase includes production processes, factors affecting cellulase production such as inducers, fermentation medium, process parameters and their control strategies. Also, the future perspectives and research topics in fungal cellulase production are presented in the end of the review. The review helps to deepen the understanding of the current status of fungal cellulases, thereby promoting the production technology progress and industrial application of filamentous fungal cellulase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xianqin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Liu X, Gao F, Wang Y, Zhang J, Bai Y, Zhang W, Luo H, Yao B, Wang Y, Tu T. Characterization of a novel thermostable α-l-arabinofuranosidase for improved synergistic effect with xylanase on lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis without prior pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130177. [PMID: 38072076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing thermostable enzymes in biomass conversion processes presents a promising approach to bypass pretreatment, garnering significant attention from the biorefinery industry. A novel discovered α-l-arabinofuranosidase, Abf4980, exhibits exceptional thermostability by maintaining full activity after 24 h of incubation at 70 °C. It effectively acts on polyarabinosides, cleaving α-1,2- and α-1,3-linked arabinofuranose side chains from water-soluble wheat arabinoxylan while releasing xylose. When synergistically combined with the thermostable bifunctional xylanase/β-glucanase CbXyn10C from Caldicellulosiruptor bescii at an enzyme-activity ratio of 6:1, Abf4980 achieves the highest degradation efficiency for wheat arabinoxylan. Furthermore, Abf4980 and CbXyn10C demonstrated remarkable efficacy in hydrolyzing unmodified wheat bran and corn cob to generate arabinose and xylooligosaccharides. This discovery holds promising opportunities for improving the efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass conversion into fermentable sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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3
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Long L, Lin Q, Wang J, Ding S. Microbial α-L-arabinofuranosidases: diversity, properties, and biotechnological applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:84. [PMID: 38294733 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Arabinoxylans (AXs) are hemicellulosic polysaccharides consisting of a linear backbone of β-1,4-linked xylose residues branched by high content of α-L-arabinofuranosyl (Araf) residues along with other side-chain substituents, and are abundantly found in various agricultural crops especially cereals. The efficient bioconversion of AXs into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and/or other chemicals depends on the synergism of main-chain enzymes and de-branching enzymes. Exo-α-L-arabinofuranosidases (ABFs) catalyze the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing α-1,2-, α-1,3- or α-1,5- linked α-L-Araf residues from arabinose-substituted polysaccharides or oligosaccharides. ABFs are critically de-branching enzymes in bioconversion of agricultural biomass, and have received special attention due to their application potentials in biotechnological industries. In recent years, the researches on microbial ABFs have developed quickly in the aspects of the gene mining, properties of novel members, catalytic mechanisms, methodologies, and application technologies. In this review, we systematically summarize the latest advances in microbial ABFs, and discuss the future perspectives of the enzyme research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangkun Long
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qunying Lin
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, China CO-OP, Nanjing, 211111, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojun Ding
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
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4
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Si Z, Cai Y, Zhao L, Han L, Wang F, Yang X, Gao X, Lu M, Liu W. Structure and function characterization of the α-L-arabinofuranosidase from the white-rot fungus Trametes hirsuta. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12561-w. [PMID: 37178306 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
α-L-Arabinofuranosidases (Abfs) play a crucial role in the degradation of hemicelluloses, especially arabinoxylans (AX). Most of the available characterized Abfs are from bacteria, while fungi, as natural decomposers, contain Abfs with little attention given. An arabinofuranosidase (ThAbf1), belonging to the glycoside hydrolase 51 (GH51) family, from the genome of the white-rot fungus Trametes hirsuta, was recombinantly expressed, characterized, and functionally determined. The general biochemical properties showed that the optimal conditions for ThAbf1 were pH 6.0 and 50°C. In substrate kinetics assays, ThAbf1 preferred small fragment arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) and could surprisingly hydrolyze di-substituted 23,33-di-L-arabinofuranosyl-xylotriose (A2,3XX). It also synergized with commercial xylanase (XYL) and increased the saccharification efficiency of arabinoxylan. The crystal structure of ThAbf1 indicated the presence of an adjacent cavity next to the catalytic pocket which led to the ability of ThAbf1 to degrade di-substituted AXOS. The narrow binding pocket prevents ThAbf1 from binding larger substrates. These findings have strengthened our understanding of the catalytic mechanism of GH51 family Abfs and provided a theoretical foundation for the development of more efficient and versatile Abfs to accelerate the degradation and biotransformation of hemicellulose in biomass. KEY POINTS: • ThAbf1 from Trametes hirsuta degraded di-substituted arabinoxylo-oligosaccharide. • ThAbf1 performed detailed biochemical characterization and kinetics. • ThAbf1 structure has been obtained to illustrate the substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yang Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Lang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Lu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Simcere Pharmaceutical Group Limited, Nanjing, 210042, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Biology and Medicine Department, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute, Nanjing, 210031, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Meiling Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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Wang R, Zhang Y, Liu L, Yang J, Yuan H. Discovery of a bifunctional xylanolytic enzyme with arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase-d3 and endo-xylanase activities and its application in the hydrolysis of cereal arabinoxylans. Microb Biotechnol 2023. [PMID: 37096984 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanolytic enzymes, with both endo-xylanase and arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase (AXH) activities, are attractive for the economically feasible conversion of recalcitrant arabinoxylan. However, their characterization and utilization of these enzymes in biotechnological applications have been limited. Here, we characterize a novel bifunctional enzyme, rAbf43A, cloned from a bacterial consortium that exhibits AXH and endo-xylanase activities. Hydrolytic pattern analyses revealed that the AXH activity belongs to AXHd3 because it attacked only the C(O)-3-linked arabinofuranosyl residues of double-substituted xylopyranosyl units of arabinoxylan and arabinoxylan-derived oligosaccharides, which are usually resistant to hydrolysis. The enzyme rAbf43A also liberated a series of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs) from beechwood xylan, xylohexaose and xylopentaose, indicating that rAbf43A exhibited endo-xylanase activity. Homology modelling based on AlphaFold2 and site-directed mutagenesis identified three non-catalytic residues (H161, A270 and L505) located in the substrate-binding pocket essential for its dual-functionality, while the mutation of A117 located in the -1 subsite to the proline residue only affected its endo-xylanase activity. Additionally, rAbf43A showed significant synergistic action with the bifunctional xylanase/feruloyl esterase rXyn10A/Fae1A from the same bacterial consortium on insoluble wheat arabinoxylan and de-starched wheat bran degradation. When rXyn10A/Fae1A was added to the rAbf43A pre-hydrolyzed reactions, the amount of released reducing sugars, xylose and ferulic acid increased by 9.43% and 25.16%, 189.37% and 93.54%, 31.39% and 32.30%, respectively, in comparison with the sum of hydrolysis products released by each enzyme alone. The unique characteristics of rAbf43A position it as a promising candidate not only for designing high-performance enzyme cocktails but also for investigating the structure-function relationship of GH43 multifunctional enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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6
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Sürmeli Y, Şanlı-Mohamed G. Structural and functional analyses of GH51 alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase of Geobacillus vulcani GS90 reveal crucial residues for catalytic activity and thermostability. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022. [PMID: 36455188 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (Abf) is of big interest in various industrial areas. Directed evolution is a powerful strategy to identify significant residues underlying Abf properties. Here, six active variants from GH51 Abf of Geobacillus vulcani GS90 (GvAbf) by directed evolution were overproduced, extracted, and analyzed at biochemical and structural levels. According to the activity and thermostability results, the most-active and the least-active variants were found as GvAbf51 and GvAbf52, respectively. GvAbf63 variant was more active than parent GvAbf by 20% and less active than GvAbf51. Also, the highest thermostability belonged to GvAbf52 with 80% residual activity after 1 h. Comparative sequence and structure analyses revealed that GvAbf51 possessed L307S displacement. Thus, this study suggested that L307 residue may be critical for GvAbf activity. GvAbf63 had H30D, Q90H, and L307S displacements, and H30 was covalently bound to E29 catalytic residue. Thus, H30D may decrease the positive effect of L307S on GvAbf63 activity, preventing E29 action. Besides, GvAbf52 possessed S215N, L307S, H473P, and G476C substitutions and S215 was close to E175 (acid-base residue). S215N may partially disrupt E175 action. Overall effect of all substitutions in GvAbf52 may result in the formation of the C-C bond between C171 and C213 by becoming closer to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Sürmeli
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Şanlı-Mohamed
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
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Geng A, Jin M, Li N, Tu Z, Zhu D, Xie R, Wang Q, Sun J. Arabinan hydrolysis by GH43 enzymes of Hungateiclostridium clariflavum and the potential synergistic mechanisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7793-7803. [PMID: 36251023 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12238-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) represents a major source of arabinan- and arabinoxylan-active enzymes. Interestingly, some microbes remarkably enriched GH genes of this family, with the reason unknown. Hungateiclostridium clariflavum DSM 19,732 is an efficient lignocellulose degrader, which harbors up to 7 GH43 genes in its genome. We cloned three of the seven GH43 genes, and found that Abn43A is a unique endoarabinanase, which unprecedently showed approximately two times larger activity on sugar beet arabinan (116.8 U/mg) than that on linear arabinan, and it is efficient in arabinooligosaccharide production. Abn43B is an exoarabinanase which directly releases arabinose from linear arabinan. Abn43C is an α-L-arabinofuranosidase which is capable of splitting the arabinose side-chains from arabinooligosaccharides, arabinoxylooligosaccharides, and arabinoxylan. Most importantly, the three GH43 enzymes synergized in hydrolyzing arabinan. Compared to Abn43B alone, a supplement of Abn43A increased the arabinose production from linear arabinan by 150%, reaching 0.44 g/g arabinan. Moreover, an addition of Abn43C to Abn43A and Abn43B boosted the arabinose production from sugar beet arabinan by 15 times, reaching 0.262 g/g arabinan. Our work suggested the intensified functions of multiple GH43 enzymes toward arabinan degradation in H. clariflavum, and a potential synergetic mechanism among the three GH43 enzymes is suggested. KEY POINTS: • Endoarabinanase GH43A prefers branched substrate to linear one • Exoarabinanase GH43B can directly release arabinose from linear arabinan • The three GH43 enzymes synergized in arabinan hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alei Geng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Meng Jin
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nana Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuowei Tu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daochen Zhu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Liu Y, Vanderhaeghen S, Feiler W, Angelov A, Baudrexl M, Zverlov V, Liebl W. Characterization of Two α-l-Arabinofuranosidases from Acetivibrio mesophilus and Their Synergistic Effect in Degradation of Arabinose-Containing Substrates. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071467. [PMID: 34361903 PMCID: PMC8307384 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabinofuranosidases are important accessory enzymes involved in the degradation of arabinose-containing poly- and oligosaccharides. Two arabinofuranosidases from the recently described novel anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium Acetivibrio mesophilus, designated AmAraf51 and AmAraf43, were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterized. AmAraf51 not only removed arabinose moieties at O-3, O-2 and terminal O-5 positions of arabinose-containing oligosaccharides, but also exhibited exo-β-xylosidase side activity. In comparison, AmAraf43 preferably cleaved 1,3-linkages from arabinosyl disubstitutions. AmAraf51 and AmAraf43 demonstrated maximum activity at 70 °C and 57 °C, respectively. Judging from the genetic context and substrate specificity, AmAraf51 may decompose internalized arabino/xylo-oligosaccharides. The embedding of the AmAraf43 gene between genes for several putative xylanolytic enzymes, along with its enzymatic properties suggests that AmAraf43 cleaves arabinose decorations from heteroxylans extracellularly. The enzymes revealed completely converse activity profiles towards arabinan/arabinoxylan: AmAraf51 displayed strong activity on arabinan, while AmAraf43 prefers arabinoxylan. AmAraf51 dramatically stimulated the saccharification level of wheat arabinoxylan (WAX-RS) and sugar beet arabinan when administered along with xylanase M_Xyn10 or arabinanase PpAbn43, respectively. For WAX-RS degradation, the yield of arabinose and xylose was boosted 13.77-fold and 4.96-fold, respectively. The bifunctional activity, thermostability and high catalytic efficiency make AmAraf51 an interesting candidate for industrial applications.
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Complete Genome Sequence of Pedobacter sp. PAMC26386 and Their Low Temperature Application in Arabinose-containing Polysaccharides Degradation. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:944-953. [PMID: 33638002 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pedobacter are a representative genus of soil-associated bacteria. Here we have provided the complete genome sequence of Pedobacter sp. PAMC26386 isolated from Antarctic soil, and functionally annotated the genome, describing the unique features of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) and α-L-arabinofuranosidase (α-L-ABF). The genome of Pedobacter sp. PAMC26386 is circular and comprises 4,796,773 bp, with a 38.2% GC content. The genome encodes 4,175 genes, including 7 rRNA and 44 tRNA genes. We identified 172 genes (8 auxiliary activities, 8 carbohydrate binding modules, 23 carbohydrate esterases, 86 glycoside hydrolases, 42 glycosyl transferases, and 5 polysaccharide lyases) related to CAZymes using the dbCAN2 tool. We checked enzyme activity on 11 substrates using the AZCL assay and obtained strong activity for arabinooligosaccharide and hemicellulose. This includes information regarding α-L-ABF, which is active at low temperatures, based on the annotation results. Our findings on Pedobacter sp. PAMC26386 provide the basis for research in the future. The favorable properties of Pedobacter sp. PAMC26386 make it a good candidate for industrial applications involving low temperatures.
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10
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Singh N, Mathur AS, Gupta RP, Barrow CJ, Tuli DK, Puri M. Enzyme systems of thermophilic anaerobic bacteria for lignocellulosic biomass conversion. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:572-590. [PMID: 33309672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Economic production of lignocellulose degrading enzymes for biofuel industries is of considerable interest to the biotechnology community. While these enzymes are widely distributed in fungi, their industrial production from other sources, particularly by thermophilic anaerobic bacteria (growth Topt ≥ 60 °C), is an emerging field. Thermophilic anaerobic bacteria produce a large number of lignocellulolytic enzymes having unique structural features and employ different schemes for biomass degradation, which can be classified into four systems namely; 'free enzyme system', 'cell anchored enzymes', 'complex cellulosome system', and 'multifunctional multimodular enzyme system'. Such enzymes exhibit high specific activity and have a natural ability to withstand harsh bioprocessing conditions. However, achieving a higher production of these thermostable enzymes at current bioprocessing targets is challenging. In this review, the research opportunities for these distinct enzyme systems in the biofuel industry and the associated technological challenges are discussed. The current status of research findings is highlighted along with a detailed description of the categorization of the different enzyme production schemes. It is anticipated that high temperature-based bioprocessing will become an integral part of sustainable bioenergy production in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Singh
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia; DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Anshu S Mathur
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Ravi P Gupta
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Deepak K Tuli
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Munish Puri
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia; Medical Biotechnology, Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia.
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11
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A novel bacterial GH30 xylobiohydrolase from Hungateiclostridium clariflavum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 105:185-195. [PMID: 33215261 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Typical bacterial GH30 xylanases are glucuronoxylanases requiring 4-O-methylglucuronic acid (MeGlcA) substitution of a xylan main chain for their action. They do not exhibit a significant activity on neutral xylooligosaccharides, arabinoxylan (AraX), or rhodymenan (Rho). In this work, the biochemical characterization of the bacterial Clocl_1795 xylanase from Hungateiclostridium (Clostridium) clariflavum DSM 19732 (HcXyn30A) is presented. Amino acid sequence analysis of HcXyn30A revealed that the enzyme does not contain amino acids known to be responsible for MeGlcA coordination in the -2b subsite of glucuronoxylanases. This suggested that the catalytic properties of HcXyn30A may differ from those of glucuronoxylanases. HcXyn30A shows similar specific activity on glucuronoxylan (GX) and Rho, while the specific activity on AraX is about 1000 times lower. HcXyn30A releases Xyl2 as the main product from the non-reducing end of different polymeric and oligomeric substrates. Catalytic properties of HcXyn30A resemble the properties of the fungal GH30 xylobiohydrolase from Acremonium alcalophilum, AaXyn30A. HcXyn30A is the first representative of a prokaryotic xylobiohydrolase. Its unique specificity broadens the catalytic diversity of bacterial GH30 xylanases. KEY POINTS: • Bacterial GH30 xylobiohydrolase from H. clariflavum (HcXyn30A) has been characterized. • HcXyn30A releases xylobiose from the non-reducing end of different substrates. • HcXyn30A is the first representative of bacterial xylobiohydrolase.
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Sun J, Xu F, Lu J. A Glycoside Hydrolase Family 62 A-L-Arabinofuranosidase from Trichoderma Reesei and Its Applicable Potential during Mashing. Foods 2020; 9:foods9030356. [PMID: 32204354 PMCID: PMC7143738 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arabinoxylan is the second most abundant component in the endosperm cell wall of barley and it has been shown to have negative effects on the viscosity and filtration rate of wort and beer. In this study, a glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 62 α-L-arabinofuranosidase (AFase), termed as TrAbf62A, was purified from the culture filtrate of Trichoderma reesei CICC 41495 by a combined chromatographic method. The preferred substrates of the purified TrAbf62A were soluble, highly substituted arabinoxylan oligosaccharides and polymers, similar to the type found in barley grain. TrAbf62A exhibited activity towards oligomeric and polymeric arabinoxylans, as well as colorimetric arabinose-based substrates, thus meeting the criteria to be classified as a type B AFase. TrAbf62A released mainly arabinose and xylose from soluble wheat arabinoxylan, thus indicating a dual lytic enzyme activity. Supplementation of TrAbf62A during mashing, with a loading of 12 mU/g malt, resulted in a 36.3% decrease in arabinoxylan polymer content, a 5.6% reduction in viscosity, and finally, a 22.1% increase in filtration rate. These results revealed that TrAbf62A has a high potential value in improving lautering performance during mashing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China;
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Wuxi Newway Biotechnology Co. Ltd., 100 Konggang Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Jian Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China;
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-510-85918191
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