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Muñoz-López P, Ribas-Aparicio RM, Becerra-Báez EI, Fraga-Pérez K, Flores-Martínez LF, Mateos-Chávez AA, Luria-Pérez R. Single-Chain Fragment Variable: Recent Progress in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174206. [PMID: 36077739 PMCID: PMC9455005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recombinant antibody fragments have shown remarkable potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the fight against cancer. The single-chain fragment variable (scFv) that contains the complete antigen-binding domains of a whole antibody, has several advantages such as a high specificity and affinity for antigens, a low immunogenicity, and the proven ability to penetrate tumor tissues and diffuse. This review provides an overview of the current studies on the principle, generation, and applications of scFvs, particularly in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer, and underscores their potential use in clinical trials. Abstract Cancer remains a public health problem worldwide. Although conventional therapies have led to some excellent outcomes, some patients fail to respond to treatment, they have few therapeutic alternatives and a poor survival prognosis. Several strategies have been proposed to overcome this issue. The most recent approach is immunotherapy, particularly the use of recombinant antibodies and their derivatives, such as the single-chain fragment variable (scFv) containing the complete antigen-binding domains of a whole antibody that successfully targets tumor cells. This review describes the recent progress made with scFvs as a cancer diagnostic and therapeutic tool, with an emphasis on preclinical approaches and their potential use in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Muñoz-López
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez 162, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Elayne Irene Becerra-Báez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez 162, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Karla Fraga-Pérez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez 162, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando Flores-Martínez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez 162, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Armando Alfredo Mateos-Chávez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez 162, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Rosendo Luria-Pérez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez 162, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(55)-5228-9917 (ext. 4401)
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Luo R, Qu B, An L, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Ren P, Hang H. Simultaneous Maturation of Single Chain Antibody Stability and Affinity by CHO Cell Display. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080360. [PMID: 36004885 PMCID: PMC9404881 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody stability and affinity are two important features of its applications in therapy and diagnosis. Antibody display technologies such as yeast and bacterial displays have been successfully used for improving both affinity and stability. Although mammalian cell display has also been utilized for maturing antibody affinity, it has not been applied for improving antibody stability. Previously, we developed a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell display platform in which activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) was used to induce antibody mutation, and antibody affinity was successfully matured using the platform. In the current study, we developed thermo-resistant (TR) CHO cells for the purpose of maturing both antibody stability and affinity. We cultured TR CHO cells displaying an antibody mutant library and labeled them at temperatures above 41 °C, enriching cells that displayed antibody mutants with both the highest affinities and the highest display levels. To evaluate our system, we chose three antibodies to improve their affinities and stabilities. We succeeded in simultaneously improving both affinities and stabilities of all three antibodies. Of note, we obtained an anti-TNFα antibody mutant with a Tm (dissolution temperature) value 12 °C higher and affinity 160-fold greater than the parent antibody after two rounds of cell proliferation and flow cytometric sorting. By using CHO cells with its advantages in protein folding, post-translational modifications, and code usage, this procedure is likely to be widely used in maturing antibodies and other proteins in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Luo
- Key Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (R.L.); (B.Q.); (L.A.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Baole Qu
- Key Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (R.L.); (B.Q.); (L.A.); (Y.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili An
- Key Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (R.L.); (B.Q.); (L.A.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (R.L.); (B.Q.); (L.A.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yang Cao
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (P.R.); (H.H.)
| | - Peng Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (P.R.); (H.H.)
| | - Haiying Hang
- Key Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (R.L.); (B.Q.); (L.A.); (Y.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (P.R.); (H.H.)
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Deep learning guided optimization of human antibody against SARS-CoV-2 variants with broad neutralization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122954119. [PMID: 35238654 PMCID: PMC8931377 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122954119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceSARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve through emerging variants, more frequently observed with higher transmissibility. Despite the wide application of vaccines and antibodies, the selection pressure on the Spike protein may lead to further evolution of variants that include mutations that can evade immune response. To catch up with the virus's evolution, we introduced a deep learning approach to redesign the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) to target multiple virus variants and obtained an antibody that broadly neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Vajda S, Porter KA, Kozakov D. Progress toward improved understanding of antibody maturation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 67:226-231. [PMID: 33610066 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Upon encountering an antigen, antibodies mature through various rounds of somatic mutations, resulting in higher affinities and specificities to the particular antigen. We review recent progress in four areas of antibody maturation studies. (1) Next-generation and single-cell sequencing have revolutionized the analysis of antibody repertoires by dramatically increasing the sequences available to study the state and evolution of the immune system. Computational methods, including machine learning tools, have been developed for reconstituting antibody clonal lineages and for general repertoire analysis. (2) The availability of X-ray structures, thermodynamic and kinetic data, and molecular dynamics simulations provide information on the biophysical mechanisms responsible for improved affinity. (3) In addition to improved binding to a specific antigen, providing affinity-independent diversity and self/nonself discrimination are fundamental functions of the immune system. Recent studies, including X-ray structures, yield improved understanding of both mechanisms. (4) Results from in vivo maturation help to develop methods of in vitro maturation to improve antibody properties for therapeutic applications, frequently combining computational and experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandor Vajda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA 02215, United States.
| | - Kathryn A Porter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA 02215, United States
| | - Dima Kozakov
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794, United States; Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY, 11790, United States.
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Li S, Zou Y, Zhao D, Yin Y, Song J, He N, Liu H, Qian D, Li L, Huang H. Revisiting the phosphotyrosine binding pocket of Fyn SH2 domain led to the identification of novel SH2 superbinders. Protein Sci 2020; 30:558-570. [PMID: 33314411 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein engineering through directed evolution is an effective way to obtain proteins with novel functions with the potential applications as tools for diagnosis or therapeutics. Many natural proteins have undergone directed evolution in vitro in the test tubes in the laboratories worldwide, resulting in the numerous protein variants with novel or enhanced functions. we constructed here an SH2 variant library by randomizing 8 variable residues in its phosphotyrosine (pTyr) binding pocket. Selection of this library by a pTyr peptide led to the identification of SH2 variants with enhanced affinities measured by EC50. Fluorescent polarization was then applied to quantify the binding affinities of the newly identified SH2 variants. As a result, three SH2 variants, named V3, V13 and V24, have comparable binding affinities with the previously identified SH2 triple-mutant superbinder. Biolayer Interferometry assay was employed to disclose the kinetics of the binding of these SH2 superbinders to the phosphotyrosine peptide. The results indicated that all the SH2 superbinders have two-orders increase of the dissociation rate when binding the pTyr peptide while there was no significant change in their associate rates. Intriguingly, though binding the pTyr peptide with comparable affinity with other SH2 superbinders, the V3 does not bind to the sTyr peptide. However, variant V13 and V24 have cross-reactivity with both pTyr and sTyr peptides. The newly identified superbinders could be utilized as tools for the identification of pTyr-containing proteins from tissues under different physiological or pathophysiological conditions and may have the potential in the therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Antibody Engineering, Shanghai Asia United Antibody Medical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zou
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongping Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Antibody Engineering, Shanghai Asia United Antibody Medical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Yin
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Shanghai Asia United Antibody Medical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ningning He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huadong Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongmeng Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,The Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiming Huang
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Shanghai Asia United Antibody Medical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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Hutchings CJ. A review of antibody-based therapeutics targeting G protein-coupled receptors: an update. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:925-935. [PMID: 32264722 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1745770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play key roles in many biological functions and are linked to many diseases across all therapeutic areas. As such, GPCRs represent a significant opportunity for antibody-based therapeutics. AREAS COVERED The structure of the major GPCR families is summarized in the context of choice of antigen source employed in the drug discovery process and receptor biology considerations which may impact on targeting strategies. An overview of the therapeutic GPCR-antibody target landscape and the diversity of current therapeutic programs is provided along with summary case studies for marketed antibody drugs or those in advanced clinical studies. Antibodies in early clinical studies and the emergence of next-generation modalities are also highlighted. EXPERT OPINION The GPCR-antibody pipeline has progressed significantly with a number of technical developments enabling the successful resolution of some of the challenges previously encountered and this has contributed to the growing interest in antibody-based therapeutics addressing this target class.
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