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Bolton RL, Mooney A, Pettit MT, Bolton AE, Morgan L, Drake GJ, Appeltant R, Walker SL, Gillis JD, Hvilsom C. Resurrecting biodiversity: advanced assisted reproductive technologies and biobanking. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 3:R121-R146. [PMID: 35928671 PMCID: PMC9346332 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity is defined as the presence of a variety of living organisms on the Earth that is essential for human survival. However, anthropogenic activities are causing the sixth mass extinction, threatening even our own species. For many animals, dwindling numbers are becoming fragmented populations with low genetic diversity, threatening long-term species viability. With extinction rates 1000–10,000 times greater than natural, ex situ and in situ conservation programmes need additional support to save species. The indefinite storage of cryopreserved (−196°C) viable cells and tissues (cryobanking), followed by assisted or advanced assisted reproductive technology (ART: utilisation of oocytes and spermatozoa to generate offspring; aART: utilisation of somatic cell genetic material to generate offspring), may be the only hope for species’ long-term survival. As such, cryobanking should be considered a necessity for all future conservation strategies. Following cryopreservation, ART/aART can be used to reinstate lost genetics back into a population, resurrecting biodiversity. However, for this to be successful, species-specific protocol optimisation and increased knowledge of basic biology for many taxa are required. Current ART/aART is primarily focused on mammalian taxa; however, this needs to be extended to all, including to some of the most endangered species: amphibians. Gamete, reproductive tissue and somatic cell cryobanking can fill the gap between losing genetic diversity today and future technological developments. This review explores species prioritisation for cryobanking and the successes and challenges of cryopreservation and multiple ARTs/aARTs. We here discuss the value of cryobanking before more species are lost and the potential of advanced reproductive technologies not only to halt but also to reverse biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon L Bolton
- Nature’s SAFE, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
| | | | - Matt T Pettit
- Nature’s SAFE, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
- IMT International Limited, Tattenhall, Chester, UK
| | - Anthony E Bolton
- Nature’s SAFE, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
| | - Lucy Morgan
- Gemini Genetics, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, UK
| | | | - Ruth Appeltant
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women’s Centre, Level 3, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan L Walker
- Nature’s SAFE, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
- Chester Zoo, Upton-by-Chester, UK
| | - James D Gillis
- South-East Zoo Alliance for Reproduction & Conservation, Yulee, Florida, USA
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Roux J, Zeghidi M, Villar S, Kozlakidis Z. Biosafety and biobanking: Current understanding and knowledge gaps. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2021; 3:244-248. [PMID: 34179747 PMCID: PMC8213525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease outbreaks, such as 'Coronavirus disease 2019' (COVID-19), can constitute major global health threats with far-reaching consequences. As outbreaks develop, the international scientific community must provide high-quality scientific research-ready biological samples to solve the existing clinical and epidemiological questions to better combat the pandemic. Such examples are provided by dedicated biobank facilities, the latter collecting increasingly high volumes of biological samples. However, the more significant concentrations of infectious or potentially infectious biological materials can create a safety risk. The current short report describes the first attempt to identify the published scientific works on biobanking and safety. Three broad thematic areas have been identified: the physical security relevant to staff and sample integrity, the data safety aspects, and the governance parameters relating to the previous two. While the current publications reflect a broad alignment with existing standards and best practices in the biobanking field, they also demonstrate an opportunity for further in-depth work on this field in the post-COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Roux
- World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Ecole Supérieure de Biologie-Biochimie-Biotechnologies, Université Catholique de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maissa Zeghidi
- World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Ecole Supérieure de Biologie-Biochimie-Biotechnologies, Université Catholique de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stephanie Villar
- World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Bajerski F, Nagel M, Overmann J. Microbial occurrence in liquid nitrogen storage tanks: a challenge for cryobanking? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7635-7650. [PMID: 34559283 PMCID: PMC8460408 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Modern biobanks maintain valuable living materials for medical diagnostics, reproduction medicine, and conservation purposes. To guarantee high quality during long-term storage and to avoid metabolic activities, cryostorage is often conducted in the N2 vapour phase or in liquid nitrogen (LN) at temperatures below − 150 °C. One potential risk of cryostorage is microbial cross contamination in the LN storage tanks. The current review summarises data on the occurrence of microorganisms that may compromise the safety and quality of biological materials during long-term storage. We assess the potential for the microbial contamination of LN in storage tanks holding different biological materials based on the detection by culture-based and molecular approaches. The samples themselves, the LN, the human microbiome, and the surrounding environment are possible routes of contamination and can cause cross contaminations via the LN phase. In general, the results showed that LN is typically not the source of major contaminations and only a few studies provided evidence for a risk of microbial cross contamination. So far, culture-based and culture-independent techniques detected only low amounts of microbial cells, indicating that cross contamination may occur at a very low frequency. To further minimise the potential risk of microbial cross contaminations, we recommend reducing the formation of ice crystals in cryotanks that can entrap environmental microorganisms and using sealed or second sample packing. A short survey demonstrated the awareness for microbial contaminations of storage containers among different culture collections. Although most participants consider the risk of cross contaminations in LN storage tanks as low, they prevent potential contaminations by using sealed devices and − 150 °C freezers. It is concluded that the overall risk for cross contaminations in biobanks is relatively low when following standard operating procedures (SOPs). We evaluated the potential sources in detail and summarised our results in a risk assessment spreadsheet which can be used for the quality management of biobanks. Key points • Identification of potential contaminants and their sources in LN storage tanks. • Recommendations to reduce this risk of LN storage tank contamination. • Development of a risk assessment spreadsheet to support quality management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11531-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felizitas Bajerski
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Brunswick, Germany.
| | - Manuela Nagel
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466, Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Joerg Overmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Brunswick, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Braunschweig University of Technology, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
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Dennert K, Kumar R. Traceability Methods for Cell Line Authentication and Mycoplasma Detection. SLAS Technol 2021; 26:630-636. [PMID: 34282690 DOI: 10.1177/24726303211030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many laboratories struggle with mycoplasma contamination and cell line misidentification when growing cells in culture. These well-documented issues affect the scientific research community and have detrimental downstream effects. Research published with suspect cultures can produce misleading results. There is increasing pressure to verify the integrity of experimental and established cell lines before publishing. Therefore, laboratories need to define how and when to perform these critical tests, analyze the results, and determine action plans if disparities exist. Our laboratory is committed to producing cell lines of the highest quality for use in experiments; thus, we created a surveillance strategy for these potential problems. We developed processes for both testing and tracing cell line authentication and mycoplasma detection data. Using these methods, we can protect the integrity of our patient and commercial cell lines, maintaining reliable cultures for our research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Dennert
- Advocate Aurora Research Institute Discovery Lab, Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Advocate Aurora Research Institute Discovery Lab, Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Scarica C, Parmegiani L, Rienzi L, Anastasi A, Cimadomo D, Klinger FG, Licata E, Sosa Fernandez L, De Santis L. SARS-CoV-2 persistence at subzero temperatures. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:779-781. [PMID: 33544317 PMCID: PMC7863614 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catello Scarica
- Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction and Research (SIERR), Giarre, CT, Italy. .,European Hospital, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lodovico Parmegiani
- Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction and Research (SIERR), Giarre, CT, Italy.,GynePro Medical Centers - NextClinics International, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Rienzi
- Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction and Research (SIERR), Giarre, CT, Italy.,Clinica Valle Giulia, GENERA Center for Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Attilio Anastasi
- Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction and Research (SIERR), Giarre, CT, Italy.,Physiopathology of Human Reproduction Center, Hospital "del Delta", Lagosanto, Italy
| | - Danilo Cimadomo
- Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction and Research (SIERR), Giarre, CT, Italy.,Clinica Valle Giulia, GENERA Center for Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gioia Klinger
- Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction and Research (SIERR), Giarre, CT, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Histology and Embryology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Licata
- Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction and Research (SIERR), Giarre, CT, Italy.,Physiopathology of Reproduction and Andrology Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Sosa Fernandez
- Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction and Research (SIERR), Giarre, CT, Italy.,Embryos Fertility Center, Battipaglia, Italy
| | - Lucia De Santis
- Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction and Research (SIERR), Giarre, CT, Italy.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, IVF Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Li X, Lai J, Deng Y, Song J, Zhao G, Dong S. Supramolecular Adhesion at Extremely Low Temperatures: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21522-21529. [PMID: 33301680 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adhesive materials that are resistant to low temperatures have wide applications in daily life, scientific research, and industry. Currently, the overwhelming majority of low-temperature-resistant adhesives are traditional polymer systems. In this study, a new strategy was developed to obtain strong and long-lasting adhesion effects from low-molecular-weight adhesives at low temperatures. The introduction of water molecules and the formation of hydrogen bonds not only triggered supramolecular polymerization but also endowed the water-involved copolymer with low-temperature resistance. The water content of the polymeric supramolecular system played a crucial role in exhibiting adhesion behavior at low temperatures. Good adhesion performance was obtained in extremely low-temperature environments, including liquid nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jinlei Lai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yan Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jingfu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016, P. R. China
| | - Gai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016, P. R. China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
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