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Feng F, Yang Y, Liu Q, Wu S, Yun Z, Xu X, Jiang Y. Insights into the characteristics of changes in dissolved organic matter fluorescence components on the natural attenuation process of toluene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:134952. [PMID: 38944985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Natural attenuation (NA) is of great significance for the remediation of contaminated groundwater, and how to identify NA patterns of toluene in aquifers more quickly and effectively poses an urgent challenge. In this study, the NA of toluene in two typical soils was conducted by means of soil column experiment. Based on column experiments, dissolved organic matter (DOM) was rapidly identified using fluorescence spectroscopy, and the relationship between DOM and the NA of toluene was established through structural equation modeling analysis. The adsorption rates of toluene in clay and sandy soil were 39 % and 26 %, respectively. The adsorption capacity and total NA capacity of silty clay were large. The occurrence of fluorescence peaks of protein-like components and specific products indicated the occurrence of biodegradation. Arenimonas, Acidovorax and Brevundimonas were the main degrading bacteria identified in Column A, while Pseudomonas, Azotobacter and Mycobacterium were the main ones identified in Column B. The pH, ORP, and Fe(II) were the most important factors affecting the composition of microbial communities, which in turn affected the NA of toluene. These results provide a new way to quickly identify NA of toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shuxuan Wu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhichao Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiangjian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yonghai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Teng T, Liang J, Wu Z, Jin P, Zhang D. Different phenanthrene degraders between free-cell mediated and biochar-immobilization assisted soil bioaugmentation as identified by RNA-based stable isotope probing (RNA-SIP). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161139. [PMID: 36572297 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioaugmentation (BA) is an effective approach to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soils, and biochar is frequently used to enhance PAH degradation performance. In this study, phenanthrene (PHE) degradation behavior and active degraders in a petroleum-contaminated soil were investigated and compared between free-cell mediated and biochar-immobilization assisted bioaugmentation. Biochar-immobilization assisted bioaugmentation (BA-IPB) introduced PHE degraders immobilized on biochar and effectively promoted PHE degradation, achieving higher PHE removal efficiencies within 24 h (~58 %) than free-cell mediated bioaugmentation (BA-FPB, ~39 %). Soil microbial community structure significantly changed in both BA-FPB and BA-IPB treatments. Through RNA-stable isotope probing (SIP), 14 and 11 bacterial lineages responsible for in situ PHE degradation were identified in BA-FPB and BA-IPB treatments, respectively. ASV_17 in BA-FPB treatment was Rhodococcus in the exogenous bacterial mixture; in contrast, none of exogenous bacteria were involved in PHE degradation in BA-IPB treatment. Methylobacterium (ASV_186), Xanthomonas (ASV_41), Kroppenstedtia (ASV_205), Scopulibacillus (ASV_243), Bautia (ASV_356), and Lactobacillus (ASV_376) were identified as PHE degraders for the first time. Our findings expanded the knowledge of the active PHE degraders and underlying mechanisms in bioaugmentation process, and suggested biochar-immobilization assisted bioaugmentation as a promising strategy for the bioremediation of PAH contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Teng
- Technology Innovation Center for Land Engineering and Human Settlements, Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd and Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, PR China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Jidong Liang
- Technology Innovation Center for Land Engineering and Human Settlements, Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd and Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, PR China.
| | - Zijun Wu
- Technology Innovation Center for Land Engineering and Human Settlements, Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd and Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, PR China
| | - Pengkang Jin
- Technology Innovation Center for Land Engineering and Human Settlements, Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd and Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, PR China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
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Nguyen PM, Arslan M, Kappelmeyer U, Mäusezahl I, Wiessner A, Müller JA. Spatial characterization of microbial sulfur cycling in horizontal-flow constructed wetland models. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136605. [PMID: 36179921 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a cost-effective technology for wastewater treatment in which plant-microorganism relationships play a key role in transforming pollutants. However, there is little knowledge about the spatial organization of microbial metabolic processes in CWs. Here we show the structuring of microbial transformation of inorganic sulfur compounds (ISCs) in two horizontal subsurface-flow CW models fed with sulfate-rich artificial wastewater. One model was fully planted with Juncus effusus, while the other was planted only in the middle to investigate further the influence of the plant on ISC transformations. Chemical analyses revealed that sulfate reduction and re-oxidation of sulfide/sulfur occurred simultaneously along the flow paths, with net reduction at the beginning of the CWs, where organic carbon from the influent was still present, and predominant re-oxidation in the downstream sections. Porewater ISC concentrations hardly differed between the two CWs. However, analysis of the bacterial communities showed that sulfur cycling in the fully planted CW was much higher. Total bacterial abundances were about 50 times and 3-4 orders of magnitude higher in the rhizoplane than in porewater and on gravel, respectively, as quantified by qPCR determination of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed that bacterial communities on the roots and in the porewater differed substantially, apparently a consequence of the fluxes of oxygen and exudates from the roots. Furthermore, we observed partitioning of ISC transforming bacteria into different niches of the CWs. The results of the chemical and microbial analyses collectively support that extensive sulfur cycling occurred in the rhizospheres of the CW models. The study is relevant to the treatment of sulfur-containing wastewater and the elucidation of microbial communities involved in biogeochemical activities to improve water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Minh Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Uwe Kappelmeyer
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Mäusezahl
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arndt Wiessner
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jochen A Müller
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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Parida PK, Behera BK, Dehury B, Rout AK, Sarkar DJ, Rai A, Das BK, Mohapatra T. Community structure and function of microbiomes in polluted stretches of river Yamuna in New Delhi, India, using shotgun metagenomics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:71311-71325. [PMID: 35596862 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The large population residing in the northern region of India surrounding Delhi mostly depends on water of River Yamuna, a tributary of mighty Ganga for agriculture, drinking and various religious activities. However, continuous anthropogenic activities mostly due to pollution mediated by rapid urbanization and industrialization have profoundly affected river microflora and their function thus its health. In this study, potential of whole-genome metagenomics was exploited to unravel the novel consortia of microbiome and their functional potential in the polluted sediments of the river at Delhi. Analysis of high-quality metagenome data from Illumina NextSeq500 revealed substantial differences in composition of microbiota at different sites dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi phyla. The presence of highly dominant anaerobic bacteria like Dechloromonas aromatica (benzene reducing and denitrifying), Rhodopseudomonas palustris (organic matter reducing), Syntrophus aciditrophicus (fatty acid reducing) and Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans (sulphate reducing) in the polluted river Yamuna signifies the impact of unchecked pollution in declining health of the river ecosystem. A decline in abundance of phages was also noticed along the downstream river Yamuna. Mining of mycobiome reads uncovered plethora of fungal communities (i.e. Nakaseomyces, Aspergillus, Schizosaccharomyces and Lodderomyces) in the polluted stretches due to the availability of higher organic carbon and total nitrogen (%) could be decoded as promising bioindicators of river trophic status. Pathway analysis through KEGG revealed higher abundance of genes involved in energy metabolism (nitrogen and sulphur), methane metabolism, degradation of xenobiotics (Nitrotoluene, Benzoate and Atrazine), two-component system (atoB, cusA and silA) and membrane transport (ABC transporters). Catalase-peroxidase and 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase were the most enriched pollution degrading enzymes in the polluted study sites of river Yamuna. Overall, our results provide crucial insights into microbial dynamics and their function in response to high pollution and could be insightful to the ongoing remediation strategies to clean river Yamuna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranaya Kumar Parida
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Bijay Kumar Behera
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India.
| | - Budheswar Dehury
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Ajaya Kumar Rout
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Anil Rai
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India
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Chen X, Sheng Y, Wang G, Guo L, Zhang H, Zhang F, Yang T, Huang D, Han X, Zhou L. Microbial compositional and functional traits of BTEX and salinity co-contaminated shallow groundwater by produced water. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 215:118277. [PMID: 35305487 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intrusion of salinity and petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes, BTEX) into shallow groundwater by so-called 'produced water' (the water associated with oil and gas production) has recently drawn much attention. However, how this co-contamination affects the groundwater microbial community remains unknown. Herein, geochemical methods (e.g., ion ratios) and high-throughput sequencing (amplicon and shotgun metagenomic) were used to study the contaminant source, hydrogeochemical conditions, microbial community and function in salinity and BTEX co-contaminated shallow groundwater in an oil field, northwest China. The desulfurization coefficient (100rSO42-/rCl-), coefficient of sodium and chloride (rNa+/rCl-), and coefficient of magnesium and chloride (rMg2+/rCl-) revealed an intrusion of produced water into groundwater, resulting in elevated levels of salinity and BTEX. The consumption of terminal electron acceptors (e.g., NO3-, Fe3+, and SO42-) was likely coupled with BTEX degradation. Relative to the bacteria, decreased archaeal diversity and enriched community in produced water-contaminated groundwater suggested that archaea were more susceptible to elevated BTEX and salinity. Relative to the nitrate and sulfate reduction genes, the abundance of marker genes encoding fermentation (acetate and hydrogen production) and methanogenesis (aceticlastic and methylotrophic) was more proportional to BTEX concentration. The produced water intrusion significantly enriched the salt-tolerant anaerobic fermentative heterotroph Woesearchaeia in shallow groundwater, and its co-occurrence with BTEX-degrading bacteria and methanogen Methanomicrobia suggested mutualistic interactions among the archaeal and bacterial communities to couple BTEX degradation with fermentation and methanogenesis. This study offers a first insight into the microbial community and function in groundwater contaminated by produced water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, No.29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yizhi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, No.29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Guangcai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, No.29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, No.29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, No.29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, No.29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Dandan Huang
- School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Xu Han
- Geology Institute of China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
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Bioremediation of 27 Micropollutants by Symbiotic Microorganisms of Wetland Macrophytes. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Micropollutants in bodies of water represent many challenges. We addressed these challenges by the application of constructed wetlands, which represent advanced treatment technology for the removal of micropollutants from water. However, which mechanisms specifically contribute to the removal efficiency often remains unclear. Methods: Here, we focus on the removal of 27 micropollutants by bioremediation. For this, macrophytes Phragmites australis, Iris pseudacorus and Lythrum salicaria were taken from established wetlands, and a special experimental set-up was designed. In order to better understand the impact of the rhizosphere microbiome, we determined the microbial composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and investigated the role of identified genera in the micropollutant removal of micropollutants. Moreover, we studied the colonization of macrophyte roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which are known for their symbiotic relationship with plants. This symbiosis could result in increased removal of present micropollutants. Results: We found Iris pseudacorus to be the most successful bioremediative system, as it removed 22 compounds, including persistent ones, with more than 80% efficiency. The most abundant genera that contributed to the removal of micropollutants were Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Variovorax, Methylotenera, Reyranella, Amaricoccus and Hydrogenophaga. Iris pseudacorus exhibited the highest colonization rate (56%). Conclusions: Our experiments demonstrate the positive impact of rhizosphere microorganisms on the removal of micropollutants.
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Zhang X, Liu S, Jiang Z, Wu Y, Huang X. Gradient of microbial communities around seagrass roots was mediated by sediment grain size. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
| | - Songlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO Sanya China
| | - Zhijian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
| | - Yunchao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
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Chen J, Tong T, Jiang X, Xie S. Biodegradation of sulfonamides in both oxic and anoxic zones of vertical flow constructed wetland and the potential degraders. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115040. [PMID: 32593905 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of wastewater with antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes has attracted public concerns about ecosystem and global health. Swine wastewater can contain high concentrations of antibiotics, especially sulfonamides, even after full-scale wastewater treatment. In this study, mesocosm-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands (VF-CWs) were applied to abate nutrients and antibiotics in swine wastewater containing sulfonamides. VF-CWs performed well in the removal of both nutrients and antibiotics. Sulfonamides did not influence total organic carbon (TOC) and total phosphorus (TP) removal, and even slightly enhanced NH4+-N removal. High removal efficiencies (26.42-84.05%) were achieved for sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfamethazine (SMZ). Together with lab-scale sorption and biodegradation experiments, microbial degradation was found to be the most important removal mechanism for sulfonamides in VF-CWs. Sulfonamides addition increased bacterial alpha-diversity and changed microbial community structure. Moreover, antibiotics promoted antibiotic-resistant or -degrading bacteria. Bacillus, Geobacter and other seven genera were correlated with sulfonamides reduction under either aerobic or anaerobic condition. In summary, VF-CW is a suitable alternative for swine wastewater treatment, and biodegradation plays the key role in sulfonamides abatement. Main findings of the work. This was the first work to combine bacterial community analysis with microcosm experiments to uncover the major removal mechanism of sulfonamides in constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tianli Tong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinshu Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuguang Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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