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Xu Y, Liu M, Zhao R, Pan Y, Wu P, Zhang C, Chi X, Zhang B, Wu H. TetR family regulator AbrT controls lincomycin production and morphological development in Streptomyces lincolnensis. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:223. [PMID: 39118116 PMCID: PMC11308395 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TetR family of transcriptional regulators (TFRs), serving as crucial regulators of diverse cellular processes, undergo conformational changes induced by small-molecule ligands, which either inhibit or activate them to modulate target gene expression. Some ligands of TFRs in actinomycetes and their regulatory effects have been identified and studied; however, regulatory mechanisms of the TetR family in the lincomycin-producing Streptomyces lincolnensis remain poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, we found that AbrT (SLCG_1979), a TetR family regulator, plays a pivotal role in regulating lincomycin production and morphological development in S. lincolnensis. Deletion of abrT gene resulted in increased lincomycin A (Lin-A) production, but delayed mycelium formation and sporulation on solid media. AbrT directly or indirectly repressed the expression of lincomycin biosynthetic (lin) cluster genes and activated that of the morphological developmental genes amfC, whiB, and ftsZ. We demonstrated that AbrT bound to two motifs (5'-CGCGTACTCGTA-3' and 5'-CGTACGATAGCT-3') present in the bidirectional promoter between abrT and SLCG_1980 genes. This consequently repressed abrT itself and its adjacent gene SLCG_1980 that encodes an arabinose efflux permease. D-arabinose, not naturally occurring as L-arabinose, was identified as the effector molecule of AbrT, reducing its binding affinity to abrT-SLCG_1980 intergenic region. Furthermore, based on functional analysis of the AbrT homologue in Saccharopolyspora erythraea, we inferred that the TetR family regulator AbrT may play an important role in regulating secondary metabolism in actinomycetes. CONCLUSIONS AbrT functions as a regulator for governing lincomycin production and morphological development of S. lincolnensis. Our findings demonstrated that D-arabinose acts as a ligand of AbrT to mediate the regulation of lincomycin biosynthesis in S. lincolnensis. Our findings provide novel insights into ligand-mediated regulation in antibiotic biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Xu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ruidong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yue Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiangying Chi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Buchang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Pai H, Liu Y, Zhang C, Su J, Lu W. Effects of the pleiotropic regulator DasR on lincomycin production in Streptomyces lincolnensis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:373. [PMID: 38878095 PMCID: PMC11180011 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
The lincoamide antibiotic lincomycin, derived from Streptomyces lincolnensis, is widely used for the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. As a common global regulatory factor of GntR family, DasR usually exists as a regulatory factor that negatively regulates antibiotic synthesis in Streptomyces. However, the regulatory effect of DasR on lincomycin biosynthesis in S. lincolnensis has not been thoroughly investigated. The present study demonstrates that DasR functions as a positive regulator of lincomycin biosynthesis in S. lincolnensis, and its overexpression strain OdasR exhibits a remarkable 7.97-fold increase in lincomycin production compared to the wild-type strain. The effects of DasR overexpression could be attenuated by the addition of GlcNAc in the medium in S. lincolnensis. Combined with transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR results, it was found that most structural genes in GlcNAc metabolism and central carbon metabolism were up-regulated, but the lincomycin biosynthetic gene cluster (lmb) were down-regulated after dasR knock-out. However, DasR binding were detected with the DasR responsive elements (dre) of genes involved in GlcNAc metabolism pathway through electrophoretic mobility shift assay, while they were not observed in the lmb. These findings will provide novel insights for the genetic manipulation of S. lincolnensis to enhance lincomycin production. KEY POINTS: • DasR is a positive regulator that promotes lincomycin synthesis and does not affect spore production • DasR promotes lincomycin production through indirect regulation • DasR correlates with nutrient perception in S. lincolnensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Pai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yiying Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chuanbo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jianyu Su
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, PR China.
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Feng Y, Jiang Y, Chen X, Zhu L, Xue H, Wu M, Yang L, Yu H, Lin J. Improving the production of carbamoyltobramycin by an industrial Streptoalloteichus tenebrarius through metabolic engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:304. [PMID: 38643456 PMCID: PMC11033246 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Tobramycin is an essential and extensively used broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic obtained through alkaline hydrolysis of carbamoyltobramycin, one of the fermentation products of Streptoalloteichus tenebrarius. To simplify the composition of fermentation products from industrial strain, the main byproduct apramycin was blocked by gene disruption and constructed a mutant mainly producing carbamoyltobramycin. The generation of antibiotics is significantly affected by the secondary metabolism of actinomycetes which could be controlled by modifying the pathway-specific regulatory proteins within the cluster. Within the tobramycin biosynthesis cluster, a transcriptional regulatory factor TobR belonging to the Lrp/AsnC family was identified. Based on the sequence and structural characteristics, tobR might encode a pathway-specific transcriptional regulatory factor during biosynthesis. Knockout and overexpression strains of tobR were constructed to investigate its role in carbamoyltobramycin production. Results showed that knockout of TobR increased carbamoyltobramycin biosynthesis by 22.35%, whereas its overexpression decreased carbamoyltobramycin production by 10.23%. In vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) experiments confirmed that TobR interacts with DNA at the adjacent tobO promoter position. Strains overexpressing tobO with ermEp* promoter exhibited 36.36% increase, and tobO with kasOp* promoter exhibited 22.84% increase in carbamoyltobramycin titer. When the overexpressing of tobO and the knockout of tobR were combined, the production of carbamoyltobramycin was further enhanced. In the shake-flask fermentation, the titer reached 3.76 g/L, which was 42.42% higher than that of starting strain. Understanding the role of Lrp/AsnC family transcription regulators would be useful for other antibiotic biosynthesis in other actinomycetes. KEY POINTS: • The transcriptional regulator TobR belonging to the Lrp/AsnC family was identified. • An oxygenase TobO was identified within the tobramycin biosynthesis cluster. • TobO and TobR have significant effects on the synthesis of carbamoyltobramycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yiqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xutong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hailong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mianbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311200, China.
| | - Jianping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Pei X, Lei Y, Zhang H. Transcriptional regulators of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Streptomyces. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:156. [PMID: 38587708 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In the post-genome era, great progress has been made in metabolic engineering using recombinant DNA technology to enhance the production of high-value products by Streptomyces. With the development of microbial genome sequencing techniques and bioinformatic tools, a growing number of secondary metabolite (SM) biosynthetic gene clusters in Streptomyces and their biosynthetic logics have been uncovered and elucidated. In order to increase our knowledge about transcriptional regulators in SM of Streptomyces, this review firstly makes a comprehensive summary of the characterized factors involved in enhancing SM production and awakening SM biosynthesis. Future perspectives on transcriptional regulator engineering for new SM biosynthesis by Streptomyces are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yunyun Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Cai X, Xu W, Zheng Y, Wu S, Zhao R, Wang N, Tang Y, Ke M, Kang Q, Bai L, Zhang B, Wu H. Coupled strategy based on regulator manipulation and medium optimization empowers the biosynthetic overproduction of lincomycin. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:134-143. [PMID: 38318491 PMCID: PMC10840354 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites, specifically antibiotics, is of great scientific and economic importance. The control of antibiotic production typically involves different processes and molecular mechanism. Despite numerous efforts to improve antibiotic yields, joint engineering strategies for combining genetic manipulation with fermentation optimization remain finite. Lincomycin A (Lin-A), a lincosamide antibiotic, is industrially fermented by Streptomyces lincolnensis. Herein, the leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp)-type regulator SLCG_4846 was confirmed to directly inhibit the lincomycin biosynthesis, whereas indirectly controlled the transcription of SLCG_2919, the first reported repressor in S. lincolnensis. Inactivation of SLCG_4846 in the high-yield S. lincolnensis LA219X (LA219XΔ4846) increases the Lin-A production and deletion of SLCG_2919 in LA219XΔ4846 exhibits superimposed yield increment. Given the effect of the double deletion on cellular primary metabolism of S. lincolnensis, Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent and response surface methodologies were utilized and employed to optimize the seed medium of this double mutant in shake flask, and Lin-A yield using optimal seed medium was significantly increased over the control. Above strategies were performed in a 15-L fermenter. The maximal yield of Lin-A in LA219XΔ4846-2919 reached 6.56 g/L at 216 h, 55.1 % higher than that in LA219X at the parental cultivation (4.23 g/L). This study not only showcases the potential of this strategy to boost lincomycin production, but also could empower the development of high-performance actinomycetes for other antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Wanlian Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Sendi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Rundong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Nian Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yaqian Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Meilan Ke
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qianjin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Linquan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Buchang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
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Mao Y, Zhang X, Zhou T, Hou B, Ye J, Wu H, Wang R, Zhang H. Three new LmbU targets outside lmb cluster inhibit lincomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces lincolnensis. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:3. [PMID: 38172890 PMCID: PMC10763038 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics biosynthesis is usually regulated by the cluster-situated regulatory gene(s) (CSRG(s)), which directly regulate the genes within the corresponding biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC). Previously, we have demonstrated that LmbU functions as a cluster-situated regulator (CSR) of lincomycin. And it has been found that LmbU regulates twenty non-lmb genes through comparative transcriptomic analysis. However, the regulatory mode of CSRs' targets outside the BGC remains unknown. RESULTS We screened the targets of LmbU in the whole genome of Streptomyces lincolnensis and found fourteen candidate targets, among which, eight targets can bind to LmbU by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). Reporter assays in vivo revealed that LmbU repressed the transcription of SLINC_0469 and SLINC_1037 while activating the transcription of SLINC_8097. In addition, disruptions of SLINC_0469, SLINC_1037, and SLINC_8097 promoted the production of lincomycin, and qRT-PCR showed that SLINC_0469, SLINC_1037, and SLINC_8097 inhibited transcription of the lmb genes, indicating that all the three regulators can negatively regulate lincomycin biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS LmbU can directly regulate genes outside the lmb cluster, and these genes can affect both lincomycin biosynthesis and the transcription of lmb genes. Our results first erected the cascade regulatory circuit of LmbU and regulators outside lmb cluster, which provides the theoretical basis for the functional research of LmbU family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ruida Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huizhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Xu Y, Yi J, Kai Y, Li B, Liu M, Zhou Q, Wang J, Liu R, Wu H. New targets of TetR-type regulator SLCG_2919 for controlling lincomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces lincolnensis. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:119-127. [PMID: 37562983 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor (TF)-mediated regulatory network controlling lincomycin production in Streptomyces lincolnensis is yet to be fully elucidated despite several types of associated TFs having been reported. SLCG_2919, a tetracycline repressor (TetR)-type regulator, was the first TF to be characterized outside the lincomycin biosynthetic cluster to directly suppress the lincomycin biosynthesis in S. lincolnensis. In this study, improved genomic systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (gSELEX), an in vitro technique, was adopted to capture additional SLCG_2919-targeted sequences harboring the promoter regions of SLCG_6675, SLCG_4123-4124, SLCG_6579, and SLCG_0139-0140. The four DNA fragments were confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). Reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed that the corresponding target genes SLCG_6675 (anthranilate synthase), SLCG_0139 (LysR family transcriptional regulator), SLCG_0140 (beta-lactamase), SLCG_6579 (cytochrome P450), SLCG_4123 (bifunctional DNA primase/polymerase), and SLCG_4124 (magnesium or magnesium-dependent protein phosphatase) in ΔSLCGL_2919 were differentially increased by 3.3-, 4.2-, 3.2-, 2.5-, 4.6-, and 2.2-fold relative to those in the parental strain S. lincolnensis LCGL. Furthermore, the individual inactivation of these target genes in LCGL reduced the lincomycin yield to varying degrees. This investigation expands on the known DNA targets of SLCG_2919 to control lincomycin production and lays the foundation for improving industrial lincomycin yields via genetic engineering of this regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Xu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanzhong Kai
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Binglin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Qihua Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- Xinyu Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Hang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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Lin CY, Ru Y, Jin Y, Lin Q, Zhao GR. PAS domain containing regulator SLCG_7083 involved in morphological development and glucose utilization in Streptomyces lincolnensis. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:257. [PMID: 38093313 PMCID: PMC10717218 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptomyces lincolnensis is well known for producing the clinically important antimicrobial agent lincomycin. The synthetic and regulatory mechanisms on lincomycin biosynthesis have been deeply explored in recent years. However, the regulation involved in primary metabolism have not been fully addressed. RESULTS SLCG_7083 protein contains a Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain at the N-terminus, whose homologous proteins are highly distributed in Streptomyces. The inactivation of the SLCG_7083 gene indicated that SLCG_7083 promotes glucose utilization, slows mycelial growth and affects sporulation in S. lincolnensis. Comparative transcriptomic analysis further revealed that SLCG_7083 represses eight genes involved in sporulation, cell division and lipid metabolism, and activates two genes involved in carbon metabolism. CONCLUSIONS SLCG_7083 is a PAS domain-containing regulator on morphological development and glucose utilization in S. lincolnensis. Our results first revealed the regulatory function of SLCG_7083, and shed new light on the transcriptional effects of SLCG_7083-like family proteins in Streptomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Lin
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yixian Ru
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yanchao Jin
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Qi Lin
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Guang-Rong Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University, Dashi Road 1, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Zou J, Mao Y, Hou B, Kang Y, Wang R, Wu H, Ye J, Zhang H. DeoR regulates lincomycin production in Streptomyces lincolnensis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:332. [DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
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Wang R, Zhao J, Chen L, Ye J, Wu H, Zhang H. LcbR1, a newly identified GntR family regulator, represses lincomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces lincolnensis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7501-7514. [PMID: 37768348 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The Actinomycetes Streptomyces lincolnensis is the producer of lincosamide-type antibiotic lincomycin, a widely utilized drug against Gram-positive bacteria and protozoans. In this work, through gene knockout, complementation, and overexpression experiments, we identified LcbR1 (SLINC_1595), a GntR family transcriptional regulator, as a repressor for lincomycin biosynthesis. Deletion of lcbR1 boosted lincomycin production by 3.8-fold, without obvious change in morphological development or cellular growth. The homologues of LcbR1 are widely distributed in Streptomyces. Heterologous expression of SCO1410 from Streptomyces coelicolor resulted in the reduction of lincomycin yield, implying that the function of LcbR1 is conserved across different species. Alignment among sequences upstream of lcbR1 and their homologues revealed a conserved 16-bp palindrome (-TTGAACGATCCTTCAA-), which was further proven to be the recognition motif of LcbR1 by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). Via this motif, LcbR1 suppressed the transcription of lcbR1 and SLINC_1596 sharing the same bi-directional promoter. SLINC_1596, one important target of LcbR1, exerted a positive effect on lincomycin production. As detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses, the expressions of all selected structural (lmbA, lmbC, lmbJ, lmbV, and lmbW), resistance (lmrA and lmrB) and regulatory genes (lmrC and lmbU) from lincomycin biosynthesis cluster were upregulated in deletion strain ΔlcbR1 at 48 h of fermentation, while the mRNA amounts of bldD, glnR, ramR, SLCG_Lrp, and SLCG_2919, previously characterized as the regulators on lincomycin production, were decreased in strain ΔlcbR1, although the regulatory effects of LcbR1 on the above differential expression genes seemed to be indirect. Besides, indicated by EMSAs, the expression of lcbR1 might be regulated by GlnR, SLCG_Lrp, and SLCG_2919, which shows the complexity of the regulatory network on lincomycin biosynthesis. KEY POINTS: • LcbR1 is a novel and conservative GntR family regulator regulating lincomycin production. • LcbR1 modulates the expressions of lcbR1 and SLINC_1596 through a palindromic motif. • GlnR, SLCG_Lrp, and SLCG_2919 can control the expression of lcbR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruida Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Haizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Huizhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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11
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Zou J, Mao Y, Hou B, Kang Y, Wang R, Wu H, Ye J, Zhang H. DeoR regulates lincomycin production in Streptomyces lincolnensis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:332. [PMID: 37801155 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulators belonging to the DeoR family are widely distributed among the bacteria. Few studies have reported that DeoR family proteins regulate secondary metabolism of Streptomyces. This study explored the function of DeoR (SLINC_8027) in Streptomyces lincolnensis. Deletion of deoR in NRRL 2936 led to an increase in cell growth. The lincomycin production of the deoR deleted strain ΔdeoR was 3.4-fold higher than that of the wild strain. This trait can be recovered to a certain extent in the deoR complemented strain ΔdeoR::pdeoR. According to qRT-PCR analysis, DeoR inhibited the transcription of all detectable genes in the lincomycin biosynthesis cluster and repressed the expression of glnR, bldD, and SLCG_Lrp, which encode regulators outside the cluster. DeoR also inhibited the transcription of itself, as revealed by the XylE reporter. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DeoR bound directly to the promoter region of deoR, lmbA, lmbC-D, lmbJ-K, lmrA, lmrC, glnR, and SLCG_Lrp, by recognizing the 5'-CGATCR-3' motif. This study found that versatile regulatory factor DeoR negatively regulates lincomycin biosynthesis and cellular growth in S. lincolnensis, which expanded the regulatory network of lincomycin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yue Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bingbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yajing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ruida Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Haizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Jiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Huizhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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12
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Wang R, Zhao J, Chen L, Ye J, Wu H, Zhang H. LcbR1, a newly identified GntR family regulator, represses lincomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces lincolnensis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023. [DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
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13
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Wu W, Kang Y, Hou B, Ye J, Wang R, Wu H, Zhang H. Characterization of a TetR-type positive regulator AtrA for lincomycin production in Streptomyces lincolnensis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:786-795. [DOI: doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
AtrA belongs to the TetR family and has been well characterized for its roles in antibiotic biosynthesis regulation. Here, we identified an AtrA homolog (AtrA-lin) in Streptomyces lincolnensis. Disruption of atrA-lin resulted in reduced lincomycin production, whereas the complement restored the lincomycin production level to that of the wild-type. In addition, atrA-lin disruption did not affect cell growth and morphological differentiation. Furthermore, atrA-lin disruption hindered the transcription of regulatory gene lmbU, structural genes lmbA and lmbW inside the lincomycin biosynthesis gene cluster, and 2 other regulatory genes, adpA and bldA. Completement of atrA-lin restored the transcription of these genes to varying degrees. Notably, we found that AtrA-lin directly binds to the promoter region of lmbU. Collectively, AtrA-lin positively modulated lincomycin production via both pathway-specific and global regulators. This study offers further insights into the functional diversity of AtrA homologs and the mechanism of lincomycin biosynthesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Yajing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Bingbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Jiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Ruida Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Huizhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
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14
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Wang R, Zhou T, Kong F, Hou B, Ye J, Wu H, Zhang H. AflQ1-Q2 represses lincomycin biosynthesis via multiple cascades in Streptomyces lincolnensis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2933-2945. [DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
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15
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Wang R, Zhou T, Kong F, Hou B, Ye J, Wu H, Zhang H. AflQ1-Q2 represses lincomycin biosynthesis via multiple cascades in Streptomyces lincolnensis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2933-2945. [PMID: 36930277 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Lincomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and particularly effective against Gram-positive pathogens. Albeit familiar with the biosynthetic mechanism of lincomycin, we know less about its regulation, limiting the rational design for strain improvement. We therefore analyzed two-component systems (TCSs) in Streptomyces lincolnensis, and selected eight TCS gene(s) to construct their deletion mutants utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 system. Among them, lincomycin yield increased in two strains (Δ3900-3901 and Δ5290-5291) while decreased in other four strains (Δ3415-3416, Δ4153-4154, Δ4985, and Δ7949). Considering the conspicuous effect, SLINC_5291-5290 (AflQ1-Q2) was subsequently studied in detail. Its repression on lincomycin biosynthesis was further proved by gene complementation and overexpression. By binding to a 16-bp palindromic motif, the response regulator AflQ1 inhibits the transcription of its encoding gene and the expression of eight operons inside the lincomycin synthetic cluster (headed by lmbA, lmbJ, lmbK, lmbV, lmbW, lmbU, lmrA, and lmrC), as demonstrated by quantitative RT-PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Besides, the regulatory genes including bldD, glnR, lcbR1, and ramR are also regulated by the TCS. According to the screening towards nitrogen sources, aspartate affects the regulatory behavior of histidine kinase AflQ2. And in return, AflQ1 accelerates aspartate metabolism via ask-asd, asd2, and thrA. In summary, we acquired six novel regulators related to lincomycin biosynthesis, and elucidated the regulatory mechanism of AflQ1-Q2. This highly conserved TCS is a promising target for the construction of antibiotic high-yield strains. KEY POINTS: • AflQ1-Q2 is a repressor for lincomycin production. • AflQ1 modulates the expression of lincomycin biosynthetic and regulatory genes. • Aspartate affects the behavior of AflQ2, and its metabolism is promoted by AflQ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruida Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fanjing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bingbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Haizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Huizhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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16
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Luo C, Chen M, Luo K, Yin X, Onchari MM, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhong H, Tian B. Genome Sequencing and Genetic Engineering Reveal the Contribution of Bacitracin Produced by Bacillus paralicheniformis CPL618 to Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Activity. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:135. [PMID: 36913050 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important pathogens causing human diseases, especially its treatment has great challenges due to its resistance to methicillin and vancomycin. The Bacillus strains are known to be major sources of second metabolites that can function as drugs. Therefore, it is of great value to excavate metabolites with good inhibitory activity against S. aureus from Bacillus strains. In this study, a strain Bacillus paralicheniformis CPL618 with good antagonistic activity against S. aureus was isolated and genome analysis showed that the size was 4,447,938 bp and contained four gene clusters fen, bac, dhb, and lch which are potentially responsible for four cyclic peptides fengycin, bacitracin, bacillibactin, and lichenysin biosynthesis, respectively. These gene clusters were knockout by homologous recombination. The bacteriostatic experiment results showed that the antibacterial activity of ∆bac decreased 72.3% while Δfen, Δdhb, and ΔlchA did not significantly changed as that of wild type. Interestingly, the maximum bacitracin yield was up to 92 U/mL in the LB medium, which was extremely unusual in wild type strains. To further improve the production of bacitracin, transcription regulators abrB and lrp were knocked out, the bacitracin produced by ΔabrB, Δlrp, and ΔabrB + lrp was 124 U/mL, 112 U/mL, and 160 U/ml, respectively. Although no new anti-S. aureus compounds was found by using genome mining in this study, the molecular mechanisms of high yield of bacitracin and anti-S. aureus in B. paralicheniformis CPL618 were clarified. Moreover, B. paralicheniformis CPL618 was further genetically engineered for industrial production of bacitracin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuping Luo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin, Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Meilin Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin, Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Kecheng Luo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin, Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Xiulian Yin
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Mary M Onchari
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin, Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin, Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin, Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Haijing Zhong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin, Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Baoxia Tian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin, Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
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17
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Liu J, Wang Y, He H, Dong S, Tang L, Yang E, Wang W, Zhang B. The leucine-responsive regulatory protein SCAB_Lrp modulates thaxtomin biosynthesis, pathogenicity, and morphological development in Streptomyces scabies. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:167-178. [PMID: 36478143 PMCID: PMC9831280 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces scabies is the best-characterized plant-pathogenic streptomycete, which is a special species among the large genus Streptomyces. The pathogenicity of S. scabies relies on the production of the secondary metabolite thaxtomin A. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of thaxtomin biosynthesis in S. scabies beyond the pathway-specific activator TxtR and the cellulose utilization repressor CebR. The leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp) family modulates secondary metabolism in nonpathogenic streptomycetes. However, the regulatory relationship between the Lrp and pathogenic streptomycetes remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that SCAB_Lrp (SCAB_77931) from S. scabies significantly affects thaxtomin biosynthesis, pathogenicity, and morphological development. SCAB_Lrp deletion resulted in a dramatic decline in thaxtomin A production and a low-virulence phenotype of S. scabies. An in-depth dissection of the regulatory mechanism of SCAB_Lrp revealed that it positively regulates the transcription of the thaxtomin biosynthetic gene cluster by directly binding to the promoter of the cluster-situated regulator gene txtR. SCAB_Lrp also controls the morphological development of S. scabies by directly activating the transcription of amfC, whiB, and ssgB. SCAB_Lrp directly controls the transcription of its own gene by binding a specific sequence (5'-GGACAGTCGCCGTGCTACG-3'). Moreover, phenylalanine and methionine have been characterized as SCAB_Lrp effectors by strengthening the binding affinity and complex status between SCAB_Lrp and DNA. Our findings characterize a multifunctional regulatory protein, SCAB_Lrp, that controls secondary metabolism, pathogenicity, and sporulation in S. scabies and provide new insights into the complex regulatory network that modulates thaxtomin phytotoxins in pathogenic Streptomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yunxia Wang
- School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Haoyang He
- School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Shengnan Dong
- School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Lijuan Tang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Endong Yang
- School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Weiyun Wang
- School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Buchang Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
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18
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Tu B, Mao Y, Wang R, Kang Y, Ye J, Zhang H, Wu H. An alternative σ factor σ Lsl regulates lincomycin production in Streptomyces lincolnensis. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:190-199. [DOI: doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202200485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
AbstractLincomycin produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis is a critical antibacterial antibiotic in the clinical. To further understand the regulatory mechanism of lincomycin biosynthesis, we identified an alternative σ factor, σLsl, in Streptomyces lincolnensis NRRL 2936. Deletion of sigLsl resulted in an increase in cell growth but a decrease in lincomycin production. σLsl boosted lincomycin biosynthesis by directly stimulating the transcription of four genes (lmbD, lmbV, lmrC, and lmbU) within the lincomycin biosynthetic lmb gene cluster. Besides, σLsl participated in lincomycin biosynthesis by directly stimulating the transcription of mshC, a gene responsible for MSH synthesis. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that σLsl plays a direct regulatory role in lincomycin biosynthesis. This study extends the understanding of molecular mechanisms of lincomycin biosynthetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yue Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Ruida Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Department of Applied Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yajing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Department of Applied Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Huizhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Department of Applied Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Department of Applied Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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19
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Tu B, Mao Y, Wang R, Kang Y, Ye J, Zhang H, Wu H. An alternative σ factor σ L sl regulates lincomycin production in Streptomyces lincolnensis. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:190-199. [PMID: 36453540 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Lincomycin produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis is a critical antibacterial antibiotic in the clinical. To further understand the regulatory mechanism of lincomycin biosynthesis, we identified an alternative σ factor, σL sl , in Streptomyces lincolnensis NRRL 2936. Deletion of sigLsl resulted in an increase in cell growth but a decrease in lincomycin production. σL sl boosted lincomycin biosynthesis by directly stimulating the transcription of four genes (lmbD, lmbV, lmrC, and lmbU) within the lincomycin biosynthetic lmb gene cluster. Besides, σL sl participated in lincomycin biosynthesis by directly stimulating the transcription of mshC, a gene responsible for MSH synthesis. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that σL sl plays a direct regulatory role in lincomycin biosynthesis. This study extends the understanding of molecular mechanisms of lincomycin biosynthetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruida Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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20
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Castrejón-Godínez ML, Tovar-Sánchez E, Ortiz-Hernández ML, Encarnación-Guevara S, Martínez-Batallar ÁG, Hernández-Ortiz M, Sánchez-Salinas E, Rodríguez A, Mussali-Galante P. Proteomic analysis of Burkholderia zhejiangensis CEIB S4-3 during the methyl parathion degradation process. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105197. [PMID: 36127069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Methyl parathion is an organophosphorus pesticide widely employed worldwide to control pests in agricultural and domestic environments. However, due to its intensive use, high toxicity, and environmental persistence, methyl parathion is recognized as an important ecosystem and human health threat, causing severe environmental pollution events and numerous human poisoning and deaths each year. Therefore, identifying and characterizing microorganisms capable of fully degrading methyl parathion and its degradation metabolites is a crucial environmental task for the bioremediation of pesticide-polluted sites. Burkholderia zhejiangensis CEIB S4-3 is a bacterial strain isolated from agricultural soils capable of immediately hydrolyzing methyl parathion at a concentration of 50 mg/L and degrading the 100% of the released p-nitrophenol in a 12-hour lapse when cultured in minimal salt medium. In this study, a comparative proteomic analysis was conducted in the presence and absence of methyl parathion to evaluate the biological mechanisms implicated in the methyl parathion biodegradation and resistance by the strain B. zhejiangensis CEIB S4-3. In each treatment, the changes in the protein expression patterns were evaluated at three sampling times, zero, three, and nine hours through the use of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), and the differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The proteomic analysis allowed the identification of 72 proteins with differential expression, 35 proteins in the absence of the pesticide, and 37 proteins in the experimental condition in the presence of methyl parathion. The identified proteins are involved in different metabolic processes such as the carbohydrate and amino acids metabolism, carbon metabolism and energy production, fatty acids β-oxidation, and the aromatic compounds catabolism, including enzymes of the both p-nitrophenol degradation pathways (Hydroquinone dioxygenase and Hydroxyquinol 1,2 dioxygenase), as well as the overexpression of proteins implicated in cellular damage defense mechanisms such as the response and protection of the oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species defense, detoxification of xenobiotics, and DNA repair processes. According to these data, B. zhejiangensis CEIB S4-3 overexpress different proteins related to aromatic compounds catabolism and with the p-nitrophenol degradation pathways, the higher expression levels observed in the two subunits of the enzyme Hydroquinone dioxygenase, suggest a preferential use of the Hydroquinone metabolic pathway in the p-nitrophenol degradation process. Moreover the overexpression of several proteins implicated in the oxidative stress response, xenobiotics detoxification, and DNA damage repair reveals the mechanisms employed by B. zhejiangensis CEIB S4-3 to counteract the adverse effects caused by the methyl parathion and p-nitrophenol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Castrejón-Godínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Efraín Tovar-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Ma Laura Ortiz-Hernández
- Misión Sustentabilidad México A.C., Priv. Laureles 6, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sergio Encarnación-Guevara
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ángel Gabriel Martínez-Batallar
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Magdalena Hernández-Ortiz
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Enrique Sánchez-Salinas
- Misión Sustentabilidad México A.C., Priv. Laureles 6, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alexis Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Patricia Mussali-Galante
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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21
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Wang R, Cao Y, Kong F, Hou B, Zhao J, Kang Y, Ye J, Wu H, Zhang H. Developmental regulator RamRsl controls both morphological development and lincomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces lincolnensis. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:400-409. [DOI: doi.org/10.1111/jam.15568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Assessing the role of ramRsl, a gene absent in a lincomycin over-producing strain, in the regulation of morphological development and lincomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces lincolnensis.
Methods and Results
The gene ramRsl was deleted from the wild-type strain NRRL 2936 and the ΔramR mutant strain was characterized by a slower growth rate and a delayed morphological differentiation compared to the original strain NRRL 2936. Furthermore, the ΔramR produced 2.6-fold more lincomycin than the original strain, and consistently the level of expression of all lincomycin cluster located genes was enhanced at 48 and 96 h in the ΔramR. Complementation of ΔramR with an intact copy of ramRsl restored all wild-type features, whereas the over-expression of ramRsl led to a reduction of 33% of the lincomycin yield. Furthermore, the level of expression of glnR, bldA and SLCG_2919, three of known lincomycin biosynthesis regulators, was lower in the ΔramR than in the original strain at the early stage of fermentation and we demonstrated, using electrophoretic mobility shift assay and XylE reporter assay, that glnR is a novel direct target of RamR.
Conclusions
Altogether, these results indicated that, beyond promoting the morphological development, RamR regulates negatively lincomycin biosynthesis and positively the expression of the nitrogen regulator GlnR.
Significance and Impact of the Study
We demonstrated that RamR plays a negative role in the regulation of lincomycin biosynthesis in S. lincolnensis. Interestingly, the deletion of this gene in other antibiotic-producing Streptomyces strains might also increase their antibiotic-producing abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruida Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Fanjing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Bingbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Department of Applied Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yajing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Department of Applied Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Department of Applied Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Huizhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Department of Applied Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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22
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Wen Z, Liu F, Zhang P, Wei Y, Shi Y, Zheng J, Li G, Yu Z, Xu Z, Deng Q, Chen Z. In vitro activity and adaptation strategies of eravacycline in clinical Enterococcus faecium isolates from China. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2022; 75:498-508. [PMID: 35896611 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-022-00546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Eravacycline (Erava) is a synthetic fluorocycline with potent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity and resistance mechanism of Erava in clinical E. faecium isolates from China. Erava minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against clinical E. faecium isolates-including those resistant to linezolid (LZD) or harboring the tetracycline (Tet) resistance genes was ≤0.25 mg l-1. Moreover, our data indicated that clinical isolates of E. faecium with Erava MIC 0.25 mg l-1 were predominantly shown to belong to Sequence-type 78 (ST78) and ST80. The prevalence of Erava heteroresistance in clinical E. faecium strain was 2.46% (3/122). The increased Erava MIC values of heteroresistance-derived E. faecium clones could be significantly reduced by efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). Furthermore, comparative proteomics results showed that efflux pumps lmrA, mdlA, and mdlB contributed significantly to the acquisition of Erava resistance in E. faecium. In addition, a genetic mutation in 16 S rRNA (G190A) were detected in resistant E. faecium isolates induced by Erava. In summary, Erava exhibits potent in vitro antimicrobial activity against E. faecium, but mutation of Tet target sites and elevated expression of efflux pumps under Erava selection results in Erava resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Wen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th affiliated hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518052, China.,Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th affiliated hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518052, China.,Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Peixing Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th affiliated hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518052, China.,Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Heilongjiang Medical Service Management Evaluation Center, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150031, China
| | - Yiyi Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th affiliated hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518052, China.,Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Jinxin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th affiliated hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518052, China.,Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Guiqiu Li
- Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th affiliated hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518052, China.,Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Zhicao Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th affiliated hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518052, China. .,Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
| | - Qiwen Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th affiliated hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518052, China. .,Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th affiliated hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518052, China. .,Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
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23
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Gao J, Du M, Zhao J, Yue zhang, Xu N, Du H, Ju J, Wei L, Liu J. Design of a genetically encoded biosensor to establish a high-throughput screening platform for L-cysteine overproduction. Metab Eng 2022; 73:144-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Moradi J, Fathollahi M, Halimi S, Alvandi A, Abiri R, Vaziri S, Rezaei A. Characterization of resistome in Lactobacillus genomic sequences from the human gut. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 30:451-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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25
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Wang R, Cao Y, Kong F, Hou B, Zhao J, Kang Y, Ye J, Wu H, Zhang H. Developmental regulator RamR sl controls both morphological development and lincomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces lincolnensis. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:400-409. [PMID: 35384192 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Assessing the role of ramRsl , a gene absent in a lincomycin over-producing strain, in the regulation of morphological development and lincomycin biosynthesis in S. lincolnensis. METHODS AND RESULTS The gene ramRsl was deleted from the wild type strain NRRL 2936 and the ΔramR mutant strain was characterized by a slower growth rate and a delayed morphological differentiation compared to the original strain NRRL 2936. Furthermore, the ΔramR produced 2.6-fold more lincomycin than the original strain, and consistently the level of expression of all lincomycin cluster located genes was enhanced at 48 h and 96 h in the ΔramR. Complementation of ΔramR with an intact copy of ramRsl restored all wild type features whereas the over-expression of ramRsl led to a reduction of 33% of the lincomycin yield. Furthermore, the level of expression of glnR, bldA, and SLCG_2919, three of known lincomycin biosynthesis regulators, was lower in the ΔramR than in the original strain at the early stage of fermentation and we demonstrated, using EMSA and XylE reporter assay, that glnR is a novel direct target of RamR. CONCLUSIONS Altogether these results indicated that, beyond promoting the morphological development, RamR regulates negatively lincomycin biosynthesis and positively the expression of the nitrogen regulator GlnR. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We demonstrated that RamR plays a negative role in the regulation of lincomycin biosynthesis in S. lincolnensis. Interestingly, the deletion of this gene in other antibiotic producing Streptomyces strains might also increase their antibiotic producing abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruida Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanjing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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26
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Zheng XH, Ye RF, Ding QH, Hu FX, Zhang HZ, Lai S. Simultaneous improvement of lincomycin A production and reduction of lincomycin B levels in Streptomyces lincolnensis using a combined medium optimization approach. ANN MICROBIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-022-01672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The current study aimed to optimize the culture and production parameters of industrial production of lincomycin A by Streptomyces lincolnensis using a statistical approach that could also reduce unwanted by-products.
Methods
The Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and response surface design were used to evaluate different factors that affect lincomycin A production.
Results
Using an optimized S. lincolnensis fermentation medium, lincomycin A production was increased up to 4600 mg/L in shaking flasks, which indicated a 28.3% improvement over previous production in an un-optimized medium (3585 mg/L). Additionally, the concentration of lincomycin B by-product was reduced to 0.8%, which was 82.2% lower than that in the un-optimized medium. Further, quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed the optimized medium improved lincomycin A production by stimulating key genes in the lincomycin A biosynthesis pathway, as well as an osmotic stress gene.
Conclusions
Based on the results, the sequential optimization strategy in this study provides powerful means for the enhancement of lincomycin A with less by-product. We found that osmotic stress reduced the concentration of lincomycin B, which could also help reduce fermentation by-product yields in other actinobacteria.
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27
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Polyketide Starter and Extender Units Serve as Regulatory Ligands to Coordinate the Biosynthesis of Antibiotics in Actinomycetes. mBio 2021; 12:e0229821. [PMID: 34579580 PMCID: PMC8546615 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02298-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyketides are one of the largest categories of secondary metabolites, and their biosynthesis is initiated by polyketide synthases (PKSs) using coenzyme A esters of short fatty acids (acyl-CoAs) as starter and extender units. In this study, we discover a universal regulatory mechanism in which the starter and extender units, beyond direct precursors of polyketides, function as ligands to coordinate the biosynthesis of antibiotics in actinomycetes. A novel acyl-CoA responsive TetR-like regulator (AcrT) is identified in an erythromycin-producing strain of Saccharopolyspora erythraea. AcrT shows the highest binding affinity to the promoter of the PKS-encoding gene eryAI in the DNA affinity capture assay (DACA) and directly represses the biosynthesis of erythromycin. Propionyl-CoA (P-CoA) and methylmalonyl-CoA (MM-CoA) as the starter and extender units for erythromycin biosynthesis can serve as the ligands to release AcrT from PeryAI, resulting in an improved erythromycin yield. Intriguingly, anabolic pathways of the two acyl-CoAs are also suppressed by AcrT through inhibition of the transcription of acetyl-CoA (A-CoA) and P-CoA carboxylase genes and stimulation of the transcription of citrate synthase genes, which is beneficial to bacterial growth. As P-CoA and MM-CoA accumulate, they act as ligands in turn to release AcrT from those targets, resulting in a redistribution of more A-CoA to P-CoA and MM-CoA against citrate. Furthermore, based on analyses of AcrT homologs in Streptomyces avermitilis and Streptomyces coelicolor, it is believed that polyketide starter and extender units have a prevalent, crucial role as ligands in modulating antibiotic biosynthesis in actinomycetes.
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28
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Hou B, Wang R, Zou J, Zhang F, Wu H, Ye J, Zhang H. A putative redox‐sensing regulator Rex regulates lincomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces lincolnensis. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:772-781. [DOI: doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
AbstractLincomycin is an important antimicrobial agent which is widely used in clinical and animal husbandry. The biosynthetic pathway of lincomycin comes to light in the past 10 years, however, the regulatory mechanism is still unclear. In this study, a redox‐sensing regulator Rex from Streptomyces lincolnensis (Rexlin) was identified and characterized to affect cell growth and lincomycin biosynthesis. Disruption of rex resulted in an increase in cell growth, but a decrease in lincomycin production. The results of quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction showed that Rexlin can promote transcription of the regulatory gene lmbU and the structural genes lmbA, lmbC, lmbJ, lmbV, and lmbW. However, electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis demonstrated that Rexlin can not bind to the promoter regions of these genes above. Findings in this study broadened our horizons in the regulatory mechanism of lincomycin production and laid a foundation for strain improvement of antibiotic producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Department of Applied Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Ruida Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Department of Applied Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jingyun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Department of Applied Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Feixue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Department of Applied Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Department of Applied Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Department of Applied Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Huizhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Department of Applied Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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29
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Hou B, Wang R, Zou J, Zhang F, Wu H, Ye J, Zhang H. A putative redox-sensing regulator Rex regulates lincomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces lincolnensis. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:772-781. [PMID: 34313330 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lincomycin is an important antimicrobial agent which is widely used in clinical and animal husbandry. The biosynthetic pathway of lincomycin comes to light in the past 10 years, however, the regulatory mechanism is still unclear. In this study, a redox-sensing regulator Rex from Streptomyces lincolnensis (Rexlin ) was identified and characterized to affect cell growth and lincomycin biosynthesis. Disruption of rex resulted in an increase in cell growth, but a decrease in lincomycin production. The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that Rexlin can promote transcription of the regulatory gene lmbU and the structural genes lmbA, lmbC, lmbJ, lmbV, and lmbW. However, electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis demonstrated that Rexlin can not bind to the promoter regions of these genes above. Findings in this study broadened our horizons in the regulatory mechanism of lincomycin production and laid a foundation for strain improvement of antibiotic producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruida Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feixue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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30
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Ziegler CA, Freddolino PL. The leucine-responsive regulatory proteins/feast-famine regulatory proteins: an ancient and complex class of transcriptional regulators in bacteria and archaea. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 56:373-400. [PMID: 34151666 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1925215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the Escherichia coli leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp) almost 50 years ago, hundreds of Lrp homologs have been discovered, occurring in 45% of sequenced bacteria and almost all sequenced archaea. Lrp-like proteins are often referred to as the feast/famine regulatory proteins (FFRPs), reflecting their common regulatory roles. Acting as either global or local transcriptional regulators, FFRPs detect the environmental nutritional status by sensing small effector molecules (usually amino acids) and regulate the expression of genes involved in metabolism, virulence, motility, nutrient transport, stress tolerance, and antibiotic resistance to implement appropriate behaviors for the specific ecological niche of each organism. Despite FFRPs' complexity, a significant role in gene regulation, and prevalence throughout prokaryotes, the last comprehensive review on this family of proteins was published about a decade ago. In this review, we integrate recent notable findings regarding E. coli Lrp and other FFRPs across bacteria and archaea with previous observations to synthesize a more complete view on the mechanistic details and biological roles of this ancient class of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Ziegler
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter L Freddolino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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31
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Liu J, Li L, Wang Y, Li B, Cai X, Tang L, Dong S, Yang E, Wu H, Zhang B. Joint engineering of SACE_Lrp and its target MarR enhances the biosynthesis and export of erythromycin in Saccharopolyspora erythraea. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2911-2924. [PMID: 33760930 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Lrp and MarR families are two groups of transcriptional regulators widely distributed among prokaryotes. However, the hierarchical-regulatory relationship between the Lrp family and the MarR family remains unknown. Our previous study found that an Lrp (SACE_Lrp) from Saccharopolyspora erythraea indirectly repressed the biosynthesis of erythromycin. In this study, we characterized a novel MarR family protein (SACE_6745) from S. erythraea, which is controlled by SACE_Lrp and plays a direct regulatory role in erythromycin biosynthesis and export. SACE_Lrp directly regulated the expression of marR by specifically binding a precise site OM (5'-CTCCGGGAACCATT-3'). Gene disruption of marR increased the production of erythromycin by 45% in S. erythraea A226. We found that MarR has direct DNA-binding activity for the promoter regions of the erythromycin biosynthetic genes, as well as an ABC exporter SACE_2701-2702 which was genetically proved to be responsible for erythromycin efflux. Disruption of SACE_Lrp in industrial S. erythraea WB was an efficient strategy to enhance erythromycin production. Herein, we jointly engineered SACE_Lrp and its target MarR by deleting marR in WBΔSACE_Lrp, resulting in 20% increase in erythromycin yield in mutant WBΔLrpΔmarR compared to WBΔSACE_Lrp, and 39% to WB. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the hierarchical-regulatory relationship of Lrp and MarR proteins and new avenues for coordinating antibiotic biosynthesis and export by joint engineering regulators in actinomycetes. KEY POINTS: • The hierarchical-regulatory relationship between SACE_Lrp and MarR was identified. • MarR directly controlled the expression of erythromycin biosynthesis and export genes. • Joint engineering of SACE_Lrp-MarR regulatory element enhanced erythromycin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Long Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xinlu Cai
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lijuan Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shengnan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Endong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hang Wu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Buchang Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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32
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Tittal RK, Ghule VD, Yadav P, Lal K, Kumar A. Synthesis, antimicrobial potency with in silico study of Boc-leucine-1,2,3-triazoles. Steroids 2020; 161:108675. [PMID: 32531313 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A library of N-Boc protected Leucine-linked 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles was synthesized and fully characterized, in high yield via copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. In vitro antibacterial activity showed that compound 4h found to be more potent than the reference drug Ciprofloxacin (MIC: 0.0196 µmol/mL) against tested bacterial strains S. entrica, B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli and P. auroginosa with MIC: 0.0148, 0.0074, 0.0148, 0.0074, and 0.0074 µmol/mL, respectively and antifungal activity with MIC: 0.0148 µmol/mL as compared to reference drug Fluconazole (MIC: 0.0102 µmol/mL) against A. niger and C. albicans fungal strains. Further, the molecular docking study on 4h and its predecessor alkyne 3 by choosing E. coli topoisomerase II, DNA Gyrase (PDB ID: 1KZN) showed better binding with triazole than alkyne and these results were supported by DFT study using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) basis set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar Tittal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India.
| | - Vikas D Ghule
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India
| | - Pinki Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology (GJUS&T), Hisar, Haryana 12500, India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology (GJUS&T), Hisar, Haryana 12500, India.
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana 12500, India
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