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Zhang J, Zhang F, Dong Z, Zhang W, Sun T, Chen L. Response and acclimation of cyanobacteria to acidification: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173978. [PMID: 38897479 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, as vital components of aquatic ecosystems, face increasing challenges due to acidification driven by various anthropogenic and natural factors. Understanding how cyanobacteria adapt and respond to acidification is crucial for predicting their ecological dynamics and potential impacts on ecosystem health. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge on the acclimation mechanisms and responses of cyanobacteria to acidification stress. Detailly, ecological roles of cyanobacteria were firstly briefly concluded, followed by the effects of acidification on aquatic ecosystems and cyanobacteria. Then the review focuses on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular strategies employed by cyanobacteria to cope with acidification stress, highlighting key adaptive mechanisms and their ecological implications. Finally, a summary of strategies to enhance acid resistance in cyanobacteria and future directions was discussed. Utilizing omics data and machine learning technology to build a cyanobacterial acid regulatory network allows for predicting the impact of acidification on cyanobacteria and inferring its broader effects on ecosystems. Additionally, acquiring acid-tolerant chassis cells of cyanobacteria through innovative techniques facilitates the advancement of environmentally friendly production of acidic chemicals. By synthesizing empirical evidence and theoretical frameworks, this review aims to elucidate the complex interplay between cyanobacteria and acidification stressors, providing insights for future research directions and ecosystem management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Fenfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhengxin Dong
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China..
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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Zhu J, Sun Y, Zhang S, Li H, Liu Z, Liu X, Yi J. Unraveling the Genetic Adaptations in Cell Surface Composition and Transporters of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum for Enhanced Acid Tolerance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5368-5378. [PMID: 38394628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study employed adaptive laboratory evolution to improve the acid tolerance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, a vital strain in food fermentation and a potential probiotic. Phenotype and genomic analyses identified the overexpression of stress response proteins, ATP synthases, and transporters as pivotal in conferring acid tolerance to the evolved strains. These adaptations led to a shorter lag phase, improved survival rates, and higher intracellular pH values compared to the wild-type strain under acid stress conditions. Additionally, the evolved strains showed an increased expression of genes in the fatty acid synthesis pathway, resulting in a higher production of unsaturated fatty acids. The changes in cell membrane composition possibly prevented H+ influx, while mutant genes related to cell surface structure contributed to observed elongated cells and thicker cell surface. These alterations in cell wall and membrane composition, along with improved transporter efficiency, were key factors contributing to the enhanced acid tolerance in the evolved strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, Kunming 650500, China
- International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuwei Sun
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, Kunming 650500, China
- International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hong Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, Kunming 650500, China
- International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhijia Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, Kunming 650500, China
- International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Junjie Yi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, Kunming 650500, China
- International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China
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Zhang S, Hou J, Zhang X, Cai T, Chen W, Zhang Q. Potential mechanism of biochar enhanced degradation of oxytetracycline by Pseudomonas aeruginosa OTC-T. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141288. [PMID: 38272135 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Extensive use of oxytetracycline (OTC) and the generation of its corresponding resistance genes have resulted in serious environmental problems. Physical-biological combined remediation is an attractive method for OTC degradation because of its high remediation efficiency, stability, and environmental friendliness. In this study, an effective OTC-degrading strain identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa OTC-T, was isolated from chicken manure. In the degradation experiment, the degradation rates of OTC in the degradation systems with and without the biochar addition were 92.71-100 % and 69.11-99.59 %, respectively. Biochar improved the tolerance of the strain to extreme environments, and the OTC degradation rate increased by 20.25 %, 18.61 %, and 13.13 % under extreme pH, temperature, and substrate concentration conditions, respectively. Additionally, the degradation kinetics showed that biochar increased the reaction rate constant in the degradation system and shortened the degradation period. In the biological toxicity assessment, biochar increased the proportion of live cells by 17.63 % and decreased the proportion of apoptotic cells by 58.87 %. Metabolomics revealed that biochar had a significant effect on the metabolism of the strains and promoted cell growth and reproduction, effectively reducing oxidative stress induced by OTC. This study elucidates how biochar affects OTC biodegradation and provides insights into the future application of biochar-assisted microbial technology in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinju Hou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tong Cai
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiuzhuo Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, China; Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
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Yoon JH, Bae YM, Shin Y, Lee SY. Escherichia coli O157:H7 had a high degree of acid resistance in the presence of osmolytes (glycerol, glycine or fructose) by altering its lipid membrane composition. Food Microbiol 2024; 117:104388. [PMID: 37919012 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the resistance of E. coli O157:H7 to acetic acid (AA) or malic acid (MA) by adding osmolytes, such as glycerol, glycine, glucose, and fructose, in Luria-Bertani broth without NaCl (LBW/S) or phosphate buffer (PB) stored at 25 °C. In LBW/S, a significantly (p < 0.05) higher D-value of E. coli O157:H7 was observed when treated with AA and 20% glycine (D-value: 1.18-3.44) or 40% glucose (D-value: 1.05-2.52) compared to that of AA alone (D-value: 0.40-0.47). In contrast, the addition of osmolytes (i.e. 3-40% glucose, 3-40% fructose or 20% glycine) to LBW/S acidified by MA significantly decreased D-values of E. coli O157:H7, which was enumerated by using a selective medium. Furthermore, when E. coli O157:H7 was incubated in LBW/S containing AA and osmolytes at 25 °C for 3 d, this bacterium had an increased proportion of C16:0 and C17:0 cyclo (cyclopropane acid) compared to its AA-treated counterparts. Along with the altered shift in membrane phospholipids, the addition of osmolytes into a laboratory medium in the presence of nutritive substrates may increase the resistance of E. coli O157:H7 to AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, 235 Jungang-ro, Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Bae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-dearo, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooncheol Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-dearo, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-dearo, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Wang S, Li R, Han M, Zhuang D, Zhu J. Intelligent active films of sodium alginate and konjac glucomannan mixed by Lycium ruthenicum anthocyanins and tea polyphenols for milk preservation and freshness monitoring. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126674. [PMID: 37660868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
To achieve real-time monitoring of food freshness, a pH-responsive film based on sodium alginate-konjac glucomannan loaded with Lycium ruthenicum anthocyanins (LRA) was prepared, with the addition of tea polyphenols (TP) to enhance the stability of LRA. The surface structure of the films was observed by AFM. The results of FTIR and molecular docking simulation showed that LRA and TP were bound to polysaccharide by hydrogen bonds. The mechanical properties, barrier properties, and antioxidant/antibacterial properties of the films were significantly improved and the films showed obvious color response to pH. Notably, the AFM images showed TP and LRA could lead to more severe damage to the bacterial structure. The results of molecular docking simulation suggested that TP and LRA could act on different components of the bacterial cell wall, indicating their synergistic mechanism in antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the stability of LRA was improved due to the interactions of TP and polysaccharides with LRA. The aggregates formed by TP and LRA were clearly observed by AFM. Finally, the film showed excellent preservation and freshness monitoring effect in milk. In conclusion, TP-LRA-SA-KGM intelligent film exhibited excellent performance and represented a promising novel food packaging material with potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shancan Wang
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Laboratory of Meat Quality Analysis and Products Development, Ningxia Xihaigu Institute of High-end Cattle Industry, Haiyuan Hairun Agricultural Company, Haiyuan, Ningxia 755299, China; Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Meat Science, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Li
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Laboratory of Meat Quality Analysis and Products Development, Ningxia Xihaigu Institute of High-end Cattle Industry, Haiyuan Hairun Agricultural Company, Haiyuan, Ningxia 755299, China; Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Meat Science, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Minjie Han
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Innovation Group of Biophysics, College of Innovation and Experiment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Di Zhuang
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Laboratory of Meat Quality Analysis and Products Development, Ningxia Xihaigu Institute of High-end Cattle Industry, Haiyuan Hairun Agricultural Company, Haiyuan, Ningxia 755299, China; Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Meat Science, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Laboratory of Meat Quality Analysis and Products Development, Ningxia Xihaigu Institute of High-end Cattle Industry, Haiyuan Hairun Agricultural Company, Haiyuan, Ningxia 755299, China; Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Meat Science, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Innovation Group of Biophysics, College of Innovation and Experiment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Koo A, Ghate V, Zhou W. Acid adaptation increased the resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bok choy ( Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) juice to high-pressure processing. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0060223. [PMID: 37874288 PMCID: PMC10686058 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00602-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Based on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations, E. coli O157:H7 is a pertinent pathogen in high acid juices that needs to be inactivated during the pasteurization process. The results of this study suggest that the effect of acid adaptation should be considered in the selection of HPP parameters for E. coli O157:H7 inactivation to ensure that pasteurization objectives are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Koo
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Vinayak Ghate
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Weibiao Zhou
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
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Huo C, Jiao L, Li G, Li D, Lin W, Sun Y, Sun H. HutZ is required for efficient heme utilization and contributes to the pathogenicity of Avibacterium paragallinarum. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0397922. [PMID: 37768079 PMCID: PMC10580934 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03979-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Avibacterium paragallinarum is the pathogen that causes infectious coryza, a highly contagious respiratory disease that brings a serious threat to chickens. Heme utilization systems play an important role in bacterial adversity adaptation and pathogenicity, and our previous report found the presence of heme utilization (HutZ) in Av. paragallinarum. However, little is known about the function of HutZ in Av. paragallinarum. In this study, the HutZ mutant strain of Av. paragallinarum was successfully developed and identified by PCR and western blot analysis. Mutation of HutZ significantly retards bacterial growth under reduced iron conditions, indicating the regulatory role of HutZ on growth and iron acquisition. Notably, the HutZ mutant strain had slower growth than the wild-type strain when heme was provided as the sole source of iron; thus, HutZ is crucial for heme utilization in Av. paragallinarum. Moreover, the HutZ mutant strain exhibited a markedly compromised tolerance to acid stress compared to the wild-type strain. Pathogenicity analysis showed that mutation of HutZ significantly weakened the ability of bacteria to invade and reproduce in host macrophage cells in vitro. Furthermore, the HutZ mutation could significantly decrease the bacterial virulence in chickens, which displayed lower morbidity and milder clinical symptoms. Hence, this is the first study to demonstrate in-depth the essential roles of HutZ on iron homeostasis and pathogenesis of Av. paragallinarum, which provides novel insight into advances of new prophylactic vaccines against this kind of bacteria.ImportanceHeme utilization (HutZ) protein has been characterized as an important heme-degrading enzyme that is critical for the cleavage of heme to biliverdin via verdoheme and can release iron to be used by bacteria. The interaction between HutZ and Av. paragallinarum is still unknown. Here, we unraveled the role of HutZ on the growth, iron acquisition, heme utilization, and resistance to acidic stress in Av. paragallinarum. We also uncovered the importance of HutZ for the success of Av. paragallinarum infection and provided new clues to the pathogenesis strategies of this organism. This work constitutes a relevant step toward an understanding of the role of HutZ protein as a master virulence factor. Therefore, this study is of great importance for understanding the mechanisms underlying Av. paragallinarum virulence and may contribute to therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijiao Jiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donghai Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wutong Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjian Sun
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Huiling Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jiang Z, Lu J, Tong Y, Yang H, Feng S. Enhancement of acid tolerance of Escherichia coli by introduction of molecule chaperone CbpA from extremophile. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:158. [PMID: 37046107 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperone CbpA from extreme acidophile Acidithiobacillus caldus was applied to improve acid tolerance of Escherichia coli via CRISPR/Cas9. Cell growth and viability of plasmid complementary strain indicated the importance of cbpAAc for bacteria acid tolerance. With in situ gene replacement by CRISPR/Cas9 system, colony formation unit (CFU) of genome recombinant strain BL21-ΔcbpA/AccbpA showed 7.7 times higher cell viability than deficient strain BL21-ΔcbpA and 2.3 times higher than wild type. Cell morphology observation using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) revealed cell breakage of BL21-ΔcbpA and significant recovery of BL21-ΔcbpA/AccbpA. The intracellular ATP level of all strains gradually decreased along with the increased stress time. Particularly, the value of recombinant strain was 56.0% lower than that of deficient strain after 5 h, indicating that the recombinant strain consumed a lot of energy to resist acid stress. The arginine concentration in BL21-ΔcbpA/AccbpA was double that of BL21-ΔcbpA, while the aspartate and glutamate contents were 14.8% and 6.2% higher, respectively, compared to that of wild type. Moreover, RNA-Seq analysis examined 93 genes down-regulated in BL21-ΔcbpA compared to wild type strain, while 123 genes were up-regulated in BL21-ΔcbpA/AccbpA compared to BL21-ΔcbpA, with an emphasis on energy metabolism, transport, and cell components. Finally, the working model in response to acid stress of cbpA from A. caldus was developed. This study constructed a recombinant strain resistant to acid stress and also provided a reference for enhancing microorganisms' robustness to various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanjun Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, China
| | - Hailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shoushuai Feng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Hou J, Meng S, Zhang B, Ruan R, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Song M, Bai Z. Effect of RNA interference with glutamate decarboxylase on acid resistance of Trichinella spiralis. Acta Trop 2023; 241:106869. [PMID: 36849092 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis is a zoonotic parasite that infects most mammals, even humans. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is an important enzyme in glutamate-dependent acid resistance system 2 (AR2), but the GAD of T. spiralis in AR2 is unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of T. spiralis glutamate decarboxylase (TsGAD) in AR2. We silenced the TsGAD gene to evaluate the AR of T. spiralis muscle larvae (ML) in vivo and in vitro via siRNA. The results showed that recombinant TsGAD was recognized by anti-rTsGAD polyclonal antibody (57 kDa), and qPCR indicated that TsGAD transcription peaked at pH 2.5 for 1 h compared to that with pH 6.6 phosphate-buffered saline. Indirect immunofluorescence assays revealed that TsGAD was expressed in the epidermis of ML. After TsGAD silencing in vitro, TsGAD transcription and the survival rate of ML decreased by 15.2% and 17%, respectively, compared with those of the PBS group. Both TsGAD enzymatic activity and the acid adjustment of siRNA1-silenced ML were weakened. In vivo, each mouse was orally infected with 300 siRNA1-silenced ML. On days 7 and 42 post-infection, the reduction rates of adult worms and ML were 31.5% and 49.05%, respectively. Additionally, the reproductive capacity index and larvae per gram of ML were 62.51±7.32 and 1250.22±146.48, respectively, lower than those of the PBS group. Haematoxylin-eosin staining revealed many inflammatory cells infiltrating the nurse cells in the diaphragm of mice infected with siRNA1-silenced ML. The survival rate of the F1 generation ML was 27% higher than that of the F0 generation ML, but there was no difference from the PBS group. These results first indicated that GAD plays a crucial role in AR2 of T. spiralis. TsGAD gene silencing reduced the worm burden in mice, providing data for the comprehensive study of the AR system of T. spiralis and a new idea for the prevention of trichinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Hou
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shi Meng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Rulin Ruan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Mingxin Song
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Zhikun Bai
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China.
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10
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Revealing novel synergistic defense and acid tolerant performance of Escherichia coli in response to organic acid stimulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7577-7594. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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de la Garza-García JA, Ouahrani-Bettache S, Lyonnais S, Ornelas-Eusebio E, Freddi L, Al Dahouk S, Occhialini A, Köhler S. Comparative Genome-Wide Transcriptome Analysis of Brucella suis and Brucella microti Under Acid Stress at pH 4.5: Cold Shock Protein CspA and Dps Are Associated With Acid Resistance of B. microti. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:794535. [PMID: 34966374 PMCID: PMC8710502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellae are facultative intracellular coccobacilli causing brucellosis, one of the most widespread bacterial zoonosis affecting wildlife animals, livestock and humans. The genus Brucella comprises classical and atypical species, such as Brucella suis and Brucella microti, respectively. The latter is characterized by increased metabolic activity, fast growth rates, and extreme acid resistance at pH 2.5, suggesting an advantage for environmental survival. In addition, B. microti is more acid-tolerant than B. suis at the intermediate pH of 4.5. This acid-resistant phenotype of B. microti may have major implications for fitness in soil, food products and macrophages. Our study focused on the identification and characterization of acid resistance determinants of B. suis and B. microti in Gerhardt's minimal medium at pH 4.5 and 7.0 for 20 min and 2 h by comparative RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis, validated by RT-qPCR. Results yielded a common core response in both species with a total of 150 differentially expressed genes, and acidic pH-dependent genes regulated specifically in each species. The identified core response mechanisms comprise proton neutralization or extrusion from the cytosol, participating in maintaining physiological intracellular pH values. Differential expression of 441 genes revealed species-specific mechanisms in B. microti with rapid physiological adaptation to acid stress, anticipating potential damage to cellular components and critical energy conditions. Acid stress-induced genes encoding cold shock protein CspA, pseudogene in B. suis, and stress protein Dps were associated with survival of B. microti at pH 4.5. B. suis response with 284 specifically regulated genes suggested increased acid stress-mediated protein misfolding or damaging, triggering the set-up of repair strategies countering the consequences rather than the origin of acid stress and leading to subsequent loss of viability. In conclusion, our work supports the hypothesis that increased acid stress resistance of B. microti is based on selective pressure for the maintenance of functionality of critical genes, and on specific differential gene expression, resulting in rapid adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A de la Garza-García
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Safia Ouahrani-Bettache
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Erika Ornelas-Eusebio
- Unité des Zoonoses Bactériennes and Unité d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luca Freddi
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Alessandra Occhialini
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Yuan L, Wu H, Wang B, Jia C, Liang D, Caiyin QGL, Qiao J. ComX improves acid tolerance by regulating the expression of late competence proteins in Lactococcus lactis F44. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9556-9569. [PMID: 34147226 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ComX can improve bacterial competence by modulating global gene expression. Although competence induction may also be a protective mechanism under stress, this has not been investigated in detail. Here, we demonstrated that ComX improved the acid tolerance and nisin yield of Lactococcus lactis, which is an important gram-positive bacterium increasingly used in modern biotechnological applications. We found that overexpression of comX could improve the survival rate up to 36.5% at pH 4.0, compared with only 5.4% and 1.1% with the wild-type and comX knockout strains, respectively. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR results indicated that comX overexpression stimulated the expression of late competence genes synergistically with exposure to acid stress. Finally, electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated the binding of purified ComX to the cin-box in the promoters of these genes. Taken together, our results reveal a regulation mechanism by which ComX and acid stress can synergistically modulate the expression of late competence genes to enhance cells' acid tolerance and nisin yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; Department of Bioengineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 41000, P. R. China
| | - Cuili Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Ge-Le Caiyin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China; Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312300, P. R. China.
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Pathological ATX3 Expression Induces Cell Perturbations in E. coli as Revealed by Biochemical and Biophysical Investigations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020943. [PMID: 33477953 PMCID: PMC7835732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid aggregation of human ataxin-3 (ATX3) is responsible for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, which belongs to the class of polyglutamine neurodegenerative disorders. It is widely accepted that the formation of toxic oligomeric species is primarily involved in the onset of the disease. For this reason, to understand the mechanisms underlying toxicity, we expressed both a physiological (ATX3-Q24) and a pathological ATX3 variant (ATX3-Q55) in a simplified cellular model, Escherichia coli. It has been observed that ATX3-Q55 expression induces a higher reduction of the cell growth compared to ATX3-Q24, due to the bacteriostatic effect of the toxic oligomeric species. Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy investigation, supported by multivariate analysis, made it possible to monitor protein aggregation and the induced cell perturbations in intact cells. In particular, it has been found that the toxic oligomeric species associated with the expression of ATX3-Q55 are responsible for the main spectral changes, ascribable mainly to the cell envelope modifications. A structural alteration of the membrane detected through electron microscopy analysis in the strain expressing the pathological form supports the spectroscopic results.
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14
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Arcari T, Feger ML, Guerreiro DN, Wu J, O’Byrne CP. Comparative Review of the Responses of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli to Low pH Stress. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111330. [PMID: 33187233 PMCID: PMC7698193 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acidity is one of the principal physicochemical factors that influence the behavior of microorganisms in any environment, and their response to it often determines their ability to grow and survive. Preventing the growth and survival of pathogenic bacteria or, conversely, promoting the growth of bacteria that are useful (in biotechnology and food production, for example), might be improved considerably by a deeper understanding of the protective responses that these microorganisms deploy in the face of acid stress. In this review, we survey the molecular mechanisms used by two unrelated bacterial species in their response to low pH stress. We chose to focus on two well-studied bacteria, Escherichia coli (phylum Proteobacteria) and Listeria monocytogenes (phylum Firmicutes), that have both evolved to be able to survive in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. We review the mechanisms that these species use to maintain a functional intracellular pH as well as the protective mechanisms that they deploy to prevent acid damage to macromolecules in the cells. We discuss the mechanisms used to sense acid in the environment and the regulatory processes that are activated when acid is encountered. We also highlight the specific challenges presented by organic acids. Common themes emerge from this comparison as well as unique strategies that each species uses to cope with acid stress. We highlight some of the important research questions that still need to be addressed in this fascinating field.
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15
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Xia K, Han C, Xu J, Liang X. Transcriptome response of Acetobacter pasteurianus Ab3 to high acetic acid stress during vinegar production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10585-10599. [PMID: 33156446 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acetic acid accumulation is a universal limiting factor to the vinegar manufacture because of the toxic effect of acetic acid on the acid producing strain, such as Acetobacter pasteurianus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genome-wide transcriptional response of A. pasteurianus Ab3 to high acid stress during vinegar production. By comparing the transcriptional landscape of cells harvested from a long-term cultivation with high acidity (70 ± 3 g/L) to that of low acidity (10 ± 2 g/L), we demonstrated that 1005 genes were differentially expressed. By functional enrichment analysis, we found that the expression of genes related to the two-component systems (TCS) and toxin-antitoxin systems (TAS) was significantly regulated under high acid stress. Cells increased the genome stability to withstand the intracellular toxicity caused by the acetic acid accumulation by repressing the expression of transposases and integrases. Moreover, high acid stress induced the expression of genes involved in the pathways of peptidoglycan, ceramide, and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis as well as the Tol-Pal and TonB-ExbB systems. In addition, we observed that cells increased and diversified the ATP production to resist high acid stress. Transcriptional upregulation in the pathways of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) synthesis and thiamine metabolism suggested that cells may increase the production of prosthetic groups to ensure the enzyme activity upon high acid stress. Collectively, the results of this study increase our current understanding of the acetic acid resistance (AAR) mechanisms in A. pasteurianus and provide opportunities for strain improvement and scaled-up vinegar production.Key Points• TCS and TAS are responsive to the acid stress and constitute the regulating networks.• Adaptive expression changes of cell envelope elements help cell resist acid stress.• Cells promote genome stability and diversify ATP production to withstand acid stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xia
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Chengcheng Han
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xinle Liang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Schwan WR, Flohr NL, Multerer AR, Starkey JC. GadE regulates fliC gene transcription and motility in Escherichia coli. World J Clin Infect Dis 2020; 10:14-23. [PMID: 32728533 PMCID: PMC7388676 DOI: 10.5495/wjcid.v10.i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli (E. coli) express flagella to ascend human urinary tracts. To survive in the acidic pH of human urine, E. coli uses the glutamate decarboxylase acid response system, which is regulated by the GadE protein.
AIM To determine if growth in an acidic pH environment affected fliC transcription and whether GadE regulated that transcription.
METHODS A fliC-lacZ reporter fusion was created on a single copy number plasmid to assess the effects of acidic pH on fliC transcription. Further, a ΔgadE mutant strain of a uropathogenic E. coli was created and tested for motility compared to the wild-type strain.
RESULTS Escherichia coli cells carrying the fliC-lacZ fusion displayed significantly less fliC transcription when grown in an acidic pH medium compared to when grown in a neutral pH medium. Transcription of fliC fell further when the E. coli was grown in an acidic pH/high osmolarity environment. Since GadE is a critical regulator of one acid response system, fliC transcription was tested in a gadE mutant strain grown under acidic conditions. Expression of fliC was derepressed in the E. coli gadE mutant strain grown under acidic conditions compared to that in wild-type bacteria under the same conditions. Furthermore, a gadE mutation in a uropathogenic E. coli background exhibited significantly greater motility than the wild-type strain following growth in an acidic medium.
CONCLUSION Together, our results suggest that GadE may down-regulate fliC transcription and motility in E. coli grown under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Schwan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, United States
| | - Nicole L Flohr
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, United States
| | - Abigail R Multerer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, United States
| | - Jordan C Starkey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, United States
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