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Thitirungreangchai T, Roytrakul S, Aunpad R. Deciphering the Intracellular Action of the Antimicrobial Peptide A11 via an In-Depth Analysis of Its Effect on the Global Proteome of Acinetobacter baumannii. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2795-2813. [PMID: 39075773 PMCID: PMC11320580 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The potential antimicrobial activity and low propensity to induce the development of bacterial resistance have rendered antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as novel and ideal candidate therapeutic agents for the treatment of infections caused by drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. The targeting of bacterial membranes by AMPs has been typically considered their sole mode of action; however, increasing evidence supports the existence of multiple and complementary functions of AMPs that result in bacterial death. An in-depth characterization of their mechanism of action could facilitate further research and development of AMPs with higher potency. The current study employs biophysics and proteomics approaches to unveil the mechanisms underlying the antibacterial activity of A11, a potential candidate AMP, against Acinetobacter baumannii, a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and consequently, a serious global threat. A11 peptide was found to induce membrane depolarization to a high extent, as revealed by flow cytometry and electron microscopy analyses. The prompt intracellular penetration of A11 peptide, observed using confocal microscopy, was found to occur concomitantly with a very low degree of membrane lysis, suggesting that its mode of action predominantly involves a nonlytic killing mechanism. Quantitative proteomics analysis employed for obtaining insights into the mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial activity of A11 peptide revealed that it disrupted energy metabolism, interfered with protein homeostasis, and inhibited fatty acid synthesis that is essential for cell membrane integrity; all these impacted the cellular functions of A. baumannii. A11 treatment also impacted signal transduction associated with the regulation of biofilm formation, hindered the stress response, and influenced DNA repair processes; these are all crucial survival mechanisms of A. baumannii. Additionally, robust antibacterial activity was exhibited by A11 peptide against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) clinical isolates of A. baumannii; moreover, A11 peptide exhibited synergy with levofloxacin and minocycline as well as low propensity for inducing resistance. Taken together, the findings emphasize the therapeutic potential of A11 peptide as an antibacterial agent against drug-resistant A. baumannii and underscore the need for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanit Thitirungreangchai
- Graduate
Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional
Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering
and Biotechnology, National Science and
Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Ratchaneewan Aunpad
- Graduate
Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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2
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Yang Z, Wang Z, Wang R, Zhang W. A Novel Dry-Cured Ham Broth-Derived Peptide JHBp2 Effectively Inhibits Salmonella typhimurium In Vitro: Integrated Metabolomic, Proteomic, and Molecular Simulation Analyses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14433-14447. [PMID: 38866717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
JHBp2 is a peptide purified from Jinhua ham broth with antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium. Untargeted metabolomics and label-free quantitative proteomics were used to analyze metabolic and protein expression changes in S. typhimurium after JHBp2 treatment. Cell wall and membrane damage results indicate that JHBp2 has membrane-disruptive properties, causing leakage of intracellular nucleic acids and proteins. Metabolomics revealed 516 differentially expressed metabolites, involving cofactor biosynthesis, purine metabolism, ABC transporters, glutathione metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, etc. Proteomics detected 735 differentially expressed proteins, involving pyruvate metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, purine metabolism, carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, etc. RT-qPCR and proteomics results showed a positive correlation, and molecular docking demonstrated stable binding of JHBp2 to some differentially expressed proteins. In summary, JHBp2 could disrupt the S. typhimurium cell wall and membrane structure, interfere with synthesis of membrane-related proteins, trigger intracellular substance leak, and reduce levels of enzymes and metabolites involved in energy metabolism, amino acid anabolism, and nucleotide anabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruoxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wangang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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3
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Isaac SL, Abdul Malek AZ, Hazif NS, Roslan FS, Mohd Hashim A, Song AAL, Abdul Rahim R, Wan Nur Ismah WAK. Genome mining of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PA21: insights into its antimicrobial potential. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:571. [PMID: 38844835 PMCID: PMC11157852 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dramatic increase of antimicrobial resistance in the healthcare realm has become inexorably linked to the abuse of antibiotics over the years. Therefore, this study seeks to identify potential postbiotic metabolites derived from lactic acid bacteria such as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum that could exhibit antimicrobial properties against multi-drug resistant pathogens. RESULTS In the present work, the genome sequence of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PA21 consisting of three contigs was assembled to a size of 3,218,706 bp. Phylogenomic analysis and average nucleotide identity (ANI) revealed L. plantarum PA21 is closely related to genomes isolated from diverse niches such as dairy products, food, and animals. Genome mining through the BAGEL4 and antiSMASH database revealed four bacteriocins in a single cluster and four regions of biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for the production of bioactive compounds. The potential probiotic genes indirectly responsible for postbiotic metabolites production were also identified. Additionally, in vitro studies showed that the L. plantarum PA21 cell-free supernatant exhibited antimicrobial activity against all nine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and three out of 13 Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates tested. CONCLUSION Results in this study demonstrates that L. plantarum PA21 postbiotic metabolites is a prolific source of antimicrobials against multi-drug resistant pathogens with potential antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharleen Livina Isaac
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zuhairi Abdul Malek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syafika Hazif
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farah Syahrain Roslan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amalia Mohd Hashim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adelene Ai-Lian Song
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ahmad Kamil Wan Nur Ismah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Chen Q, Dong Z, Yao X, Sun H, Pan X, Liu J, Huang R. Bactericidal and biofilm eradication efficacy of a fluorinated benzimidazole derivative, TFBZ, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1342821. [PMID: 38659587 PMCID: PMC11039886 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1342821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major inducement of nosocomial infections and its biofilm formation render the high tolerance to conventional antibiotics, which highlights the requirement to develop new antimicrobial agents urgently. In this study, we identified a fluorinated benzimidazole derivative, TFBZ, with potent antibacterial efficacy toward planktonic MRSA (MIC = 4 μg/mL, MBC = 8 μg/mL) and its persistent biofilms (≥99%, MBEC = 8 μg/mL). TFBZ manifested significant irreversible time-dependent killing against MRSA as characterized by diminished cell viability, bacterial morphological change and protein leakage. Furthermore, the results from CBD devices, crystal violet assay in conjunction with live/dead staining and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that TFBZ was capable of eradicating preformed MRSA biofilms with high efficiency. Simultaneously, TFBZ reduced the bacterial invasiveness and exerted negligible hemolysis and cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells, which ensuring the robust therapeutic effect on mouse skin abscess model. The transcriptome profiling and quantitative RT-PCR revealed that a set of encoding genes associated with cell adhesion, biofilm formation, translation process, cell wall biosynthesis was consistently downregulated in MRSA biofilms upon exposure to TFBZ. In conclusion, TFBZ holds promise as a valuable candidate for therapeutic applications against MRSA chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihui Dong
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuedi Yao
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Sun
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Pan
- International Cooperation Base for Active Substances in Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jikai Liu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Huang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
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Yadav MK, Tiwari SK. Mechanism of Cell-Killing Activity of Plantaricin LD1 Against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04927-1. [PMID: 38526659 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Plantaricin LD1 was purified from a potential probiotic strain, Lactobacillus plantarum LD1 previously isolated from indigenous food, Dosa. In this study, we have performed a detailed mechanism of action of plantaricin LD1 against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 considering Micrococcus luteus MTCC 106 as control. The plantaricin LD1 showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 34.57 µg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 138.3 µg/mL against M. luteus MTCC 106, whereas MIC 69.15 µg/mL and MBC 276.6 µg/mL were found against E. coli ATCC 25922. The efflux of potassium ions, dissipation of membrane potential (∆ψ), and transmembrane pH gradient (∆pH) of plantaricin LD1-treated cells suggested the membrane-acting nature of plantaricin LD1. Plantaricin LD1 also caused degradation of the genomic DNA of the target strains tested. The cell killing was confirmed by staining with propidium iodide and visualized under light and electron microscopes. The bacteriocin-treated cells were found to be ruptured, swollen, and elongated. Thus, the findings indicate plantaricin LD1 kills E. coli ATCC 25922 by interacting with the cell membrane resulting in the efflux of intracellular contents and also causing degradation of nucleic acids leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
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6
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Liu S, Huang Y, Jensen S, Laman P, Kramer G, Zaat SAJ, Brul S. Molecular physiological characterization of the dynamics of persister formation in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0085023. [PMID: 38051079 PMCID: PMC10777834 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00850-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria possess the ability to enter a growth-arrested state known as persistence in order to survive antibiotic exposure. Clinically, persisters are regarded as the main causative agents for chronic and recurrent infectious diseases. To combat this antibiotic-tolerant population, a better understanding of the molecular physiology of persisters is required. In this study, we collected samples at different stages of the biphasic kill curve to reveal the dynamics of the cellular molecular changes that occur in the process of persister formation. After exposure to antibiotics with different modes of action, namely, vancomycin and enrofloxacin, similar persister levels were obtained. Both shared and distinct stress responses were enriched for the respective persister populations. However, the dynamics of the presence of proteins linked to the persister phenotype throughout the biphasic kill curve and the molecular profiles in a stable persistent population did show large differences, depending on the antibiotic used. This suggests that persisters at the molecular level are highly stress specific, emphasizing the importance of characterizing persisters generated under different stress conditions. Additionally, although generated persisters exhibited cross-tolerance toward tested antibiotics, combined therapies were demonstrated to be a promising approach to reduce persister levels. In conclusion, this investigation sheds light on the stress-specific nature of persisters, highlighting the necessity of tailored treatment approaches and the potential of combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yixuan Huang
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sean Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Laman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Kramer
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian A. J. Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stanley Brul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Yuan L, Dai H, He G, Yang Z, Jiao X. Invited review: Current perspectives for analyzing the dairy biofilms by integrated multiomics. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8181-8192. [PMID: 37641326 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms formed by pathogenic or spoilage microorganisms have become serious issues in the dairy industry, as this mode of life renders such microorganisms highly resistant to cleaning-in-place (CIP) procedures, disinfectants, desiccation, and other control strategies. The advent of omics techniques, especially the integration of different omics tools, has greatly improved our understanding of the features of microbial biofilms, and provided in-depth knowledge on developing effective methods that are directly against deleterious biofilms. This review provides novel insights into the single use of each omics tool and the application of multiomics tools to unravel the mechanisms of biofilm formation, specific molecular phenotypes exhibited by biofilms, and biofilm control strategies. Challenges and future perspective on the integration of omics tools for biofilm studies are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127 China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009 China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongchao Dai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127 China
| | - Guoqing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058 China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127 China.
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009 China.
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8
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Yuan L, Fan L, Dai H, He G, Zheng X, Rao S, Yang Z, Jiao XA. Multi-omics reveals the increased biofilm formation of Salmonella Typhimurium M3 by the induction of tetracycline at sub-inhibitory concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165695. [PMID: 37487904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics could induce the biofilm formation of microorganisms, but its underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. In the present work, biofilm formation by Salmonella Typhimurium M3 was increased when in the presence of tetracycline at sub-MIC, and the highest induction was observed with tetracycline at 1/8 MIC. The integration of RNA-sequencing and untargeted metabolomics was applied in order to further decipher the potential mechanisms for this observation. In total, 439 genes and 144 metabolites of S. Typhimurium M3 were significantly expressed after its exposure to 1/8 MIC of tetracycline. In addition, the co-expression analysis revealed that 6 genes and 8 metabolites play a key role in response to 1/8 MIC of tetracycline. The differential genes and metabolites were represented in 12 KEGG pathways, including five pathways of amino acid metabolism (beta-alanine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism), three lipid metabolism pathways (biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid degradation, and fatty acid biosynthesis), two nucleotide metabolism pathways (purine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism), pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and ABC transporters. Metabolites (anthranilate, indole, and putrescine) from amino acid metabolism may act as signaling molecules to promote the biofilm formation of S. Typhimurium M3. The results of this work highlight the importance of low antimicrobial concentrations on foodborne pathogens of environmental origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Luyao Fan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Hongchao Dai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Guoqing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiangfeng Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Shengqi Rao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China.
| | - Xin-An Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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9
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Mao Y, Wang Y, Luo X, Chen X, Wang G. Impact of cell-free supernatant of lactic acid bacteria on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm and its metabolites. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1184989. [PMID: 37397004 PMCID: PMC10310794 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1184989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A safe bio-preservative agent, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and spoilage organisms. Its cell-free supernatant (LAB-CFS), which is rich in bioactive compounds, is what makes LAB antibacterial work. Methods This study focused on the changes in biofilm activity and related metabolic pathways of S. aureus treated with lactic acid bacteria planktonic CFS (LAB-pk-CFS) and biofilm state (LAB-bf-CFS). Results The findings demonstrated that the LAB-CFS treatment considerably slowed Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) growth and prevented it from forming biofilms. Additionally, it inhibits the physiological traits of the S. aureus biofilm, including hydrophobicity, motility, eDNA, and PIA associated to the biofilm. The metabolites of S. aureus biofilm treated with LAB-CFS were greater in the LAB-bf-CFS than they were in the LAB-pk-CFS, according to metabolomics studies. Important metabolic pathways such amino acids and carbohydrates metabolism were among the most noticeably altered metabolic pathways. Discussion These findings show that LAB-CFS has a strong potential to combat S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Mao
- Veterinary Pharmacology Lab, School of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Veterinary Pharmacology Lab, School of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Veterinary Pharmacology Lab, School of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Veterinary Pharmacology Lab, School of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- Veterinary Pharmacology Lab, School of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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10
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Ran W, Yue Y, Long F, Zhong K, Bai J, Xiao Y, Bu Q, Huang Y, Wu Y, Gao H. Antibacterial Mechanism of 2R,3R-Dihydromyricetin Against Staphylococcus aureus: Deciphering Inhibitory Effect on Biofilm and Virulence Based on Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:90-99. [PMID: 36862127 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major foodborne pathogen that leads to various diseases due to its biofilm and virulence factors. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of 2R,3R-dihydromyricetin (DMY), a natural flavonoid compound, on the biofilm formation and virulence of S. aureus, and to explore the mode of action using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Microscopic observation revealed that DMY could remarkably inhibit the biofilm formation by S. aureus, leading to a collapse on the biofilm architecture and a decrease in viability of biofilm cell. Moreover, the hemolytic activity of S. aureus was reduced to 32.7% after treatment with subinhibitory concentration of DMY (p < 0.01). Bioinformation analysis based on RNA-sequencing and proteomic profiling revealed that DMY induced 262 differentially expressed genes and 669 differentially expressed proteins (p < 0.05). Many downregulated genes and proteins related to surface proteins were involved in biofilm formation, including clumping factor A (ClfA), iron-regulated surface determinants (IsdA, IsdB, and IsdC), fibrinogen-binding proteins (FnbA, FnbB), and serine protease. Meanwhile, DMY regulated a wide range of genes and proteins enriched in bacterial pathogenesis, cell envelope, amino acid metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism. These findings suggest that DMY targets S. aureus through multifarious mechanisms, and especially prompt that interference of surface proteins in cell envelope would lead to attenuation of biofilm and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Ran
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Yue
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feiwu Long
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology and Pathology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinrong Bai
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology and Pathology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology and Pathology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Bu
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology and Pathology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yina Huang
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology and Pathology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Toxin-Antitoxin Systems Alter Adaptation of Mycobacterium smegmatis to Environmental Stress. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0281522. [PMID: 36318013 PMCID: PMC9769933 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02815-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous genetic elements in prokaryotes, but their biological importance is poorly understood. Mycobacterium smegmatis contains eight putative TA systems. Previously, seven TAs have been studied, with five of them being verified as functional. Here, we show that Ms0251-0252 is a novel TA system in that expression of the toxin Ms0251 leads to growth inhibition that can be rescued by the antitoxin Ms0252. To investigate the functional roles of TA systems in M. smegmatis, we deleted the eight putative TA loci and assayed the mutants for resistance to various stresses. Deletion of all eight TA loci resulted in decreased survival under starvation conditions and altered fitness when exposed to environmental stresses. Furthermore, we showed that deletion of the eight TA loci decreased resistance to phage infection in Sauton medium compared with the results using 7H10 medium, suggesting that TA systems might have different contributions depending on the nutrient environment. Furthermore, we found that MazEF specifically played a dominant role in resistance to phage infection. Finally, transcriptome analysis revealed that MazEF overexpression led to differential expression of multiple genes, including those related to iron acquisition. Altogether, we demonstrate that TA systems coordinately function to allow M. smegmatis to adapt to changing environmental conditions. IMPORTANCE Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are mechanisms for rapid adaptation of bacteria to environmental changes. Mycobacterium smegmatis, a model bacterium for studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis, encodes eight putative TA systems. Here, we constructed an M. smegmatis mutant with deletions of all eight TA-encoding genes and evaluated the resistance of these mutants to environmental stresses. Our results showed that different TA systems have overlapping and, in some cases, opposing functions in adaptation to various stresses. We suggest that complementary TA modules may function together to regulate the bacterial stress response, enabling adaptation to changing environments. Together, this study provides key insights into the roles of TA systems in resistance to various environmental stresses, drug tolerance, and defense against phage infection.
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Enhancing the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus reuteri against Escherichia coli by random mutagenesis and delineating its mechanism. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yaacob SN, Wahab RA, Misson M, Sabullah MK, Huyop F, Zin NM. Lactic acid bacteria and their bacteriocins: new potential weapons in the fight against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:683-699. [PMID: 35414206 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative solutions are eminently needed to combat the escalating number of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria are promising candidates for next-generation antibiotics. Studies have found that these stable and nontoxic ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides exhibit significant potency against other bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains. Here the authors review previous studies on bacteriocins that have been effectively employed to manage MRSA infections. The authors' review focuses on the beneficial traits of bacteriocins for further application as templates for the design of novel drugs. Treatments that combine bacteriocins with other antimicrobials to combat pervasive MRSA infections are also highlighted. In short, future studies should focus on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of bacteriocins-antimicrobials to understand their interactions, as this aspect would likely determine their efficacy in MRSA inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syariffah Ns Yaacob
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira A Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia
| | - Mailin Misson
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Jalan Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd K Sabullah
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Jalan Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia
| | - Fahrul Huyop
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia
| | - Noraziah M Zin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
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Du H, Chi H, Yao H, Lu Z, Bie X, Zhang C, Zhao H, Lu F, Chen M. The antibacterial activity of plantaricin GZ1–27 against MRSA and its bio-preservative effect on chilled pork in combination with chitosan. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 365:109539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Pang X, Song X, Chen M, Tian S, Lu Z, Sun J, Li X, Lu Y, Yuk HG. Combating biofilms of foodborne pathogens with bacteriocins by lactic acid bacteria in the food industry. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1657-1676. [PMID: 35181977 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most foodborne pathogens have biofilm-forming capacity and prefer to grow in the form of biofilms. Presence of biofilms on food contact surfaces can lead to persistence of pathogens and the recurrent cross-contamination of food products, resulting in serious problems associated with food safety and economic losses. Resistance of biofilm cells to conventional sanitizers urges the development of natural alternatives to effectively inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate preformed biofilms. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce bacteriocins which are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides, providing a great source of nature antimicrobials with the advantages of green and safe properties. Studies on biofilm control by newly identified bacteriocins are increasing, targeting primarily onListeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli. This review systematically complies and assesses the antibiofilm property of LAB bacteriocins in controlling foodborne bacterial-biofilms on food contact surfaces. The bacteriocin-producing LAB genera/species, test method (inhibition and eradication), activity spectrum and surfaces are discussed, and the antibiofilm mechanisms are also argued. The findings indicate that bacteriocins can effectively inhibit biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner, but are difficult to disrupt preformed biofilms. Synergistic combination with other antimicrobials, incorporation in nanoconjugates and implementation of bioengineering can help to strengthen their antibiofilm activity. This review provides an overview of the potential and application of LAB bacteriocins in combating bacterial biofilms in food processing environments, assisting in the development and widespread use of bacteriocin as a promising antibiofilm-agent in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoye Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuhua Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangfei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Hyun-Gyun Yuk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Zizovic I, Trusek A, Tyrka M, Moric I, Senerovic L. Functionalization of polyamide microfiltration membranes by supercritical solvent impregnation. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Ghoreishi FS, Roghanian R, Emtiazi G. Novel Chronic Wound Healing by Anti-biofilm Peptides and Protease. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 12:424-436. [PMID: 35935044 PMCID: PMC9348543 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2022.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds have made a challenge in medical healthcare due to their biofilm infections, which reduce the penetrance of the antibacterial agents in the injury site. In infected wounds, the most common bacterial strains are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilm disruption in chronic wounds is crucial in wound healing. Due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial properties and fewer side effects, anti-biofilm peptides, especially bacteriocins, are promising in the healing of chronic wounds by biofilm destruction. This study reviews the effects of antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents, including bacteriocins and protease enzymes as a novel approach, on wound healing, along with analyzing the molecular docking between a bacterial protease and biofilm components. Among a large number of anti-biofilm bacteriocins identified up to now, seven types have been registered in the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) database. Although it is believed that bacterial proteases are harmful in wound healing, it has recently been demonstrated that these proteases like the human serine protease, in combination with AMPs, can improve wound healing by biofilm destruction. In this work, docking results between metalloprotease from Paenibacillus polymyxa and proteins of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa involved in biofilm production, showed that this bacterial protease could efficiently interact with biofilm components. Infected wound healing is an important challenge in clinical trials due to biofilm production by bacterial pathogens. Therefore, simultaneous use of proteases or anti-biofilm peptides with antimicrobial agents could be a promising method for chronic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Ghoreishi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Roghanian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Giti Emtiazi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Virulence alterations in staphylococcus aureus upon treatment with the sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. J Adv Res 2021; 31:165-175. [PMID: 34194840 PMCID: PMC8240104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment of patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections mainly relies on antistaphylococcal regimens that are established with effective antibiotics. In antibiotic therapy or while living in nature, pathogens often face the sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics due to drug pharmacokinetics, diffusion barriers, waste emission, resistant organism formation, and farming application. Different categories of antibiotics at sub-MICs have diverse effects on the physiological and chemical properties of microorganisms. These effects can result in virulence alterations. However, the mechanisms underlying the actions of antibiotics at sub-MICs on S. aureus virulence are obscure. Aim of review In this review, we focus on the effects of sub-MICs of antibiotics on S. aureus virulence from the aspects of cell morphological change, virulence factor expression, bacterial adherence and invasion, staphylococcal biofilm formation, and small-colony variant (SCV) production. The possible mechanisms of antibiotic-induced S. aureus virulence alterations are also addressed. Key scientific concepts of review Five main aspects of bacterial virulence can be changed in S. aureus exposure to the sub-MIC levels of antibiotics, resulting in deformed bacterial cells to stimulate abnormal host immune responses, abnormally expressed virulence factors to alter disease development, changed bacterial adhesion and invasion abilities to affect colonization and diffusion, altered biofilm formation to potentate material-related infections, and increased SCV formation to achieve persistent infection and recurrence. These advanced findings expand our knowledge to rethink the molecular signaling roles of antibiotics beyond their actions as antimicrobial agents.
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