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Ojelade O, Fu Q, Nair S, Jones CW. Catalytic Upgrading of a Mixed Hydroxy Acid Feedstock Derived from Kraft Black Liquor. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:9054-9066. [PMID: 38910879 PMCID: PMC11191363 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic feedstocks are widely studied for sustainable liquid fuel and chemical production. The pulp and paper industry generates large amounts of kraft black liquor (BL) from which a high volume of hydroxy acids (HAs) can be separated for further catalytic processing. Here, we explore the catalytic upgrading of HAs, including the conversion of (1) a model HA, gluconic acid; (2) a model mixture of HAs, and (3) a real mixture of HAs derived from kraft BL on M/Nb2O5 (M = Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ru). The hydrodeoxygenation of model gluconic acid reveals that "volatile" carboxylic acids (mainly C2 and C3), levulinic acid, and cyclic esters are significant products over all the catalysts, with Pd/Nb2O5 showing superior activity and selectivity toward valuable intermediates. The model mixture of HAs shows a wide range of reactivity over the supported metal catalyst, with the product selectivity strongly correlating to reaction temperature. Utilizing a 0.25% Pd/Nb2O5 catalyst, a real mixture of HAs derived from kraft BL is successfully dehydroxylated to produce a mixture rich in C3-C8 carboxylic acids that may be amenable for further upgrading, e.g., catalytically to ketones with high carbon chain lengths. Despite the feedstock complexity, we selectively cleaved the C-OH bonds of HAs, while successfully preserving most of the -COOH groups and minimizing C-C and C=O bond scission reactions under the operating conditions tested. The BL-derived HA stream is thus proposed to be a suitable platform for producing mixed carboxylic acid products from an overoxygenated byproduct feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi
A. Ojelade
- School of Chemical &
Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Chemical &
Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Sankar Nair
- School of Chemical &
Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical &
Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
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2
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Correa-Galetote D, Serrano A, Ciudad G, Pinto-Ibieta F. Optimisation of the biological production of levulinic acid in a mixed microbial culture fed with synthetic grape pomace. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1398110. [PMID: 38798952 PMCID: PMC11116726 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1398110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Levulinic acid (LA) is a polymer with a vast industrial application range and can be co-produced as a minor by-product during the biological production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). However, the influence of key parameters as tools for favouring the production of LA over PHA is still unclear. In this study, we investigated how several critical operational conditions, i.e., carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N), organic loading rate (OLR) and airflow, can be optimised to favour LA accumulation over PHA production by a mixed microbial culture (MMC), using synthetic grape pomace (GP) hydrolysate as the substrate. The results showed that it was possible to direct the MMC towards LA accumulation instead of PHA. The maximum LA yield was 2.7 ± 0.2 g LA/(L·d) using a C/N of 35, an airflow of 5 L/min and an OLR of 4 g sCOD/(L·d). The OLR and, to a lesser extent, the C/N ratio were the main factors significantly and positively correlated with the biological synthesis of LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Correa-Galetote
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Serrano
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gustavo Ciudad
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Instituto del Medio Ambiente (IMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnologica aplicada al Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernanda Pinto-Ibieta
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
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3
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Ortiz-Sanchez M, Solarte-Toro JC, Inocencio-García PJ, Cardona Alzate CA. Sustainability analysis of orange peel biorefineries. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 172:110327. [PMID: 37804740 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Biorefineries are constantly evolving since new technological advances in enzyme and microbial processes are boosting research for producing new bio-based products. Nevertheless, the step towards real process implementation must overcome a series of stages based on process sustainability in the early design stages. Orange peel (OP) has been profiled as a potential raw material for producing different products. Few studies have estimated the sustainability of OP-based biorefineries considering the upstream influence on the final process performance. This research aims to perform the sustainability assessment of several OP valorization pathways based on experimental data applying the biorefinery concept. Steam distillation and polyphenolic compound extraction prior to saccharification and anaerobic digestion increase the process performance. A glucose concentration and biogas yield of 21.43 g/L (0.44 g/g OP, db) and 415 mL/g SV were obtained, respectively. An essential oil extraction yield of 1.17 g/100 g OP (db) with a d-limonene content of 91.62% was produced. Moreover, hesperidin, apigenin, and naringenin yields of 7.88 mg/g, 0.475 mg/g, and 0.675 mg/g were obtained. An OP-based biorefinery addressed to produce essential oil, polyphenolic compounds, and biogas with a processing 25 tons/day (wb) has a sustainability index of 66.88%, higher than the values obtained with lesser upstream stages. In conclusion, an integral OP upgrading leads to better enzymatic and anaerobic digestion performances, as well as, a high process sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ortiz-Sanchez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Km 07 vía al Magdalena, Manizales, Colombia.
| | - Juan Camilo Solarte-Toro
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Km 07 vía al Magdalena, Manizales, Colombia.
| | - Pablo José Inocencio-García
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Km 07 vía al Magdalena, Manizales, Colombia.
| | - Carlos Ariel Cardona Alzate
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Km 07 vía al Magdalena, Manizales, Colombia.
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4
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Peña-Castro JM, Muñoz-Páez KM, Robledo-Narvaez PN, Vázquez-Núñez E. Engineering the Metabolic Landscape of Microorganisms for Lignocellulosic Conversion. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2197. [PMID: 37764041 PMCID: PMC10535843 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and yeast are being intensively used to produce biofuels and high-added-value products by using plant biomass derivatives as substrates. The number of microorganisms available for industrial processes is increasing thanks to biotechnological improvements to enhance their productivity and yield through microbial metabolic engineering and laboratory evolution. This is allowing the traditional industrial processes for biofuel production, which included multiple steps, to be improved through the consolidation of single-step processes, reducing the time of the global process, and increasing the yield and operational conditions in terms of the desired products. Engineered microorganisms are now capable of using feedstocks that they were unable to process before their modification, opening broader possibilities for establishing new markets in places where biomass is available. This review discusses metabolic engineering approaches that have been used to improve the microbial processing of biomass to convert the plant feedstock into fuels. Metabolically engineered microorganisms (MEMs) such as bacteria, yeasts, and microalgae are described, highlighting their performance and the biotechnological tools that were used to modify them. Finally, some examples of patents related to the MEMs are mentioned in order to contextualize their current industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Mario Peña-Castro
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad del Papaloapan, Tuxtepec 68301, Oaxaca, Mexico;
| | - Karla M. Muñoz-Páez
- CONAHCYT—Instituto de Ingeniería, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Queretaro, Mexico;
| | | | - Edgar Vázquez-Núñez
- Grupo de Investigación Sobre Aplicaciones Nano y Bio Tecnológicas para la Sostenibilidad (NanoBioTS), Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, Lomas del Bosque 103, Lomas del Campestre, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Ashoor S, Khang TU, Lee YH, Hyung JS, Choi SY, Lim SE, Lee J, Park SJ, Na JG. Bioupgrading of the aqueous phase of pyrolysis oil from lignocellulosic biomass: a platform for renewable chemicals and fuels from the whole fraction of biomass. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:34. [PMID: 38647900 PMCID: PMC10992256 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrolysis, a thermal decomposition without oxygen, is a promising technology for transportable liquids from whole fractions of lignocellulosic biomass. However, due to the hydrophilic products of pyrolysis, the liquid oils have undesirable physicochemical characteristics, thus requiring an additional upgrading process. Biological upgrading methods could address the drawbacks of pyrolysis by utilizing various hydrophilic compounds as carbon sources under mild conditions with low carbon footprints. Versatile chemicals, such as lipids, ethanol, and organic acids, could be produced through microbial assimilation of anhydrous sugars, organic acids, aldehydes, and phenolics in the hydrophilic fractions. The presence of various toxic compounds and the complex composition of the aqueous phase are the main challenges. In this review, the potential of bioconversion routes for upgrading the aqueous phase of pyrolysis oil is investigated with critical challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Ashoor
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Uk Khang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sung Hyung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Jae Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Geol Na
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea.
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Lorente A, Huertas-Alonso AJ, Salgado-Ramos M, González-Serrano DJ, Sánchez-Verdú MP, Cabañas B, Hadidi M, Moreno A. Microwave radiation-assisted synthesis of levulinic acid from microcrystalline cellulose: Application to a melon rind residue. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124149. [PMID: 36965554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The circular economy considers waste to be a new raw material for the development of value-added products. In this context, agroindustrial lignocellulosic waste represents an outstanding source of new materials and platform chemicals, such as levulinic acid (LA). Herein we study the microwave (MW)-assisted acidic conversion of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) into LA. The influence of acidic catalysts, inorganic salt addition and ball-milling pre-treatment of MCC on LA yield was assessed. Depolymerization and disruption of cellulose was monitored by FTIR, TGA and SEM, whereas the products formed were analyzed by HPLC and NMR spectroscopy. The parameters that afforded the highest LA yield (48 %, 100 % selectivity) were: ball-milling pre-treatment of MCC for 16 min at 600 rpm, followed by MW-assisted thermochemical treatment for 20 min at 190 °C, aqueous p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) 0.25 M as catalyst and saturation with KBr. These optimal conditions were further applied to a lignocellulosic feedstock, namely melon rind, to afford a 51 % yield of LA. These results corroborate the suitability of this method to obtain LA from agroindustrial wastes, in line with a circular economy-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Lorente
- Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela n°10, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alberto J Huertas-Alonso
- Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela n°10, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain.
| | - Manuel Salgado-Ramos
- Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela n°10, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Diego J González-Serrano
- Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela n°10, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M Prado Sánchez-Verdú
- Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela n°10, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cabañas
- Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Milad Hadidi
- Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela n°10, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Andrés Moreno
- Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avenida Camilo José Cela n°10, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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7
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Tiwari R, Sathesh-Prabu C, Lee SK. Bioproduction of propionic acid using levulinic acid by engineered Pseudomonas putida. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:939248. [PMID: 36032729 PMCID: PMC9399607 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.939248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study elaborates on the propionic acid (PA) production by the well-known microbial cell factory Pseudomonas putida EM42 and its capacity to utilize biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA). Primarily, the P. putida EM42 strain was engineered to produce PA by deleting the methylcitrate synthase (PrpC) and propionyl-CoA synthase (PrpE) genes. Subsequently, a LA-inducible expression system was employed to express yciA (encoding thioesterase) from Haemophilus influenzae and ygfH (encoding propionyl-CoA: succinate CoA transferase) from Escherichia coli to improve the PA production by up to 10-fold under flask scale cultivation. The engineered P. putida EM42:ΔCE:yciA:ygfH was used to optimize the bioprocess to further improve the PA production titer. Moreover, the fed-batch fermentation performed under optimized conditions in a 5 L bioreactor resulted in the titer, productivity, and molar yield for PA production of 26.8 g/L, 0.3 g/L/h, and 83%, respectively. This study, thus, successfully explored the LA catabolic pathway of P. putida as an alternative route for the sustainable and industrial production of PA from LA.
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da Cruz MGA, Gueret R, Chen J, Piątek J, Beele B, Sipponen MH, Frauscher M, Budnyk S, Rodrigues BVM, Slabon A. Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin in a Biomass-based Solvent. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200718. [PMID: 35608798 PMCID: PMC9545899 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Breaking down lignin into smaller units is the key to generate high value-added products. Nevertheless, dissolving this complex plant polyphenol in an environment-friendly way is often a challenge. Levulinic acid, which is formed during the hydrothermal processing of lignocellulosic biomass, has been shown to efficiently dissolve lignin. Herein, levulinic acid was evaluated as a medium for the reductive electrochemical depolymerization of the lignin macromolecule. Copper was chosen as the electrocatalyst due to the economic feasibility and low activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction. After depolymerization, high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed lignin-derived monomers and dimers. A predominance of aryl ether and phenolic groups was observed. Depolymerized lignin was further evaluated as an anti-corrosion coating, revealing enhancements on the electrochemical stability of the metal. Via a simple depolymerization process of biomass waste in a biomass-based solvent, a straightforward approach to produce high value-added compounds or tailored biobased materials was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia G. A. da Cruz
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversitySvante Arrhenius väg 16 C10691StockholmSweden
| | - Robin Gueret
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversitySvante Arrhenius väg 16 C10691StockholmSweden
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversitySvante Arrhenius väg 16 C10691StockholmSweden
| | - Jędrzej Piątek
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversitySvante Arrhenius väg 16 C10691StockholmSweden
| | - Björn Beele
- Inorganic ChemistryBergische Universität WuppertalGaußstraße 2042119WuppertalGermany
| | - Mika H. Sipponen
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversitySvante Arrhenius väg 16 C10691StockholmSweden
| | | | - Serhiy Budnyk
- AC2T research GmbHViktor-Kaplan-Str. 2/c2700Wiener NeustadtAustria
| | - Bruno V. M. Rodrigues
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversitySvante Arrhenius väg 16 C10691StockholmSweden
- Inorganic ChemistryBergische Universität WuppertalGaußstraße 2042119WuppertalGermany
| | - Adam Slabon
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversitySvante Arrhenius väg 16 C10691StockholmSweden
- Inorganic ChemistryBergische Universität WuppertalGaußstraße 2042119WuppertalGermany
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9
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Wei Z. Sustainable Efficient Synthesis of Pyrrolidones from Levulinic Acid over Pd/C Catalyst. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Yuran Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zuojun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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Ortiz MS, Alvarado JG, Zambrano F, Marquez R. Surfactants produced from carbohydrate derivatives: A review of the biobased building blocks used in their synthesis. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ronald Marquez
- TotalEnergies SE Pôle d'Etudes et de Recherche de Lacq Lacq France
- Laboratoire commun TotalEnergies/ESPCI Paris, Physico‐Chimie des Interfaces Complexes CHEMSTARTUP Lacq France
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Zhou F, Xu Y, Mu X, Nie Y. A Sustainable Approach for Synthesizing ( R)-4-Aminopentanoic Acid From Levulinic Acid Catalyzed by Structure-Guided Tailored Glutamate Dehydrogenase. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:770302. [PMID: 35083200 PMCID: PMC8784811 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.770302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel enzymatic approach to transform levulinic acid (LA), which can be obtained from biomass, into value-added (R)-4-aminopentanoic acid using an engineered glutamate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli (EcGDH) was developed. Through crystal structure comparison, two residues (K116 and N348), especially residue 116, were identified to affect the substrate specificity of EcGDH. After targeted saturation mutagenesis, the mutant EcGDHK116C, which was active toward LA, was identified. Screening of the two-site combinatorial saturation mutagenesis library with EcGDHK116C as positive control, the k cat/K m of the obtained EcGDHK116Q/N348M for LA and NADPH were 42.0- and 7.9-fold higher, respectively, than that of EcGDHK116C. A molecular docking investigation was conducted to explain the catalytic activity of the mutants and stereoconfiguration of the product. Coupled with formate dehydrogenase, EcGDHK116Q/N348M was found to be able to convert 0.4 M LA by more than 97% in 11 h, generating (R)-4-aminopentanoic acid with >99% enantiomeric excess (ee). This dual-enzyme system used sustainable raw materials to synthesize (R)-4-aminopentanoic acid with high atom utilization as it utilizes cheap ammonia as the amino donor, and the inorganic carbonate is the sole by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Mu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Suqian Jiangnan University, Suqian, China
| | - Yao Nie
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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12
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Wang Z, Hong J, Ma S, Huang T, Ma Y, Liu W, Liu W, Liu Z, Song H. Heterologous expression of EUGT11 from Oryza sativa in Pichia pastoris for highly efficient one-pot production of rebaudioside D from rebaudioside A. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1669-1676. [PMID: 32976903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rebaudioside D is a promising sweetener due to its zero calorie and high sweetness. Here, a transglucosylase gene eugt11 from Oryza sativa was for the first time expressed in Pichia pastoris, and transformant XE-3 showed the highest expression levels in pH 5.5 BMMY media containing 0.75% methanol. The affinity-purified EUGT11 from XE-3 displayed the highest activity at pH 6.0-6.5 and 45 °C, compared to pH 8.5 and 35 °C for EUGT11 from Escherichia coli. One-pot synthesis with orthogonal design was employed to optimize the rebaudioside D production using XE-3, and the initial pH 7.0 of the medium appears to be a significant factor and delivers the highest conversion efficiency. A two-step temperature-control strategy was developed, and a conversion rate of 95.31% was achieved at 28/35 °C vs. 62.41% in a one-step process at 28 °C. This study provides a high-efficient whole-cell biocatalysts technology for the sweetener production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Wang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; R&D Division, Sinochem Health Company Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiefang Hong
- Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Tianjin R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Tianjin R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tong Huang
- Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Tianjin R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Tianjin R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China; Frontier Technology Institute (Wuqing), Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hao Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China; Frontier Technology Institute (Wuqing), Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China.
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