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Banerjee T, Sarkar A, Ali SZ, Bhowmik R, Karmakar S, Halder AK, Ghosh N. Bioprotective Role of Phytocompounds Against the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease to Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Unravelling Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. PLANTA MEDICA 2024. [PMID: 38458248 DOI: 10.1055/a-2277-4805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with a global prevalence of 25%, continues to escalate, creating noteworthy concerns towards the global health burden. NAFLD causes triglycerides and free fatty acids to build up in the liver. The excessive fat build-up causes inflammation and damages the healthy hepatocytes, leading to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Dietary habits, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia influence NAFLD progression. The disease burden is complicated due to the paucity of therapeutic interventions. Obeticholic acid is the only approved therapeutic agent for NAFLD. With more scientific enterprise being directed towards the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of NAFLD, novel targets like lipid synthase, farnesoid X receptor signalling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors associated with inflammatory signalling, and hepatocellular injury have played a crucial role in the progression of NAFLD to NASH. Phytocompounds have shown promising results in modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and de novo lipogenesis, suggesting their possible role in managing NAFLD. This review discusses the ameliorative role of different classes of phytochemicals with molecular mechanisms in different cell lines and established animal models. These compounds may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for NAFLD progression to NASH. This review also deliberates on phytomolecules undergoing clinical trials for effective management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Sk Zeeshan Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Rudranil Bhowmik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Kumar Halder
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Dr. Meghnad Saha Sarani, Bidhannagar, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjan Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
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2
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Zhang M, Zhou C, Ma L, Su W, Jiang J, Hu X. Influence of ultrasound on the microbiological, physicochemical properties, and sensory quality of different varieties of pumpkin juice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27927. [PMID: 38515695 PMCID: PMC10955300 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study has investigated the effect of ultrasound (US) as an emerging non-thermal sterilization technique on microbial growth and quality changes in three freshly squeezed pumpkin juices (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, Cucurbita moschata Duchesne, and Cucurbita pepo L.).The three pumpkin juices were ultrasonicated at different ultrasonic power (0-400 W), time (0-20 min), and temperature (0-30 °C), and the total colony counts of the treated pumpkin juices were less than 5 log CFU/mL, which complied with the food safety and consumption standards. Based on these results, we further investigated the effects of different ultrasonic power (25 kHz, 10 min, 20 °C, 0-400 W) on the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of the three pumpkin juices. The physicochemical properties (color, sugar content, organic acid content, soluble solids, and carotenoids) of treated pumpkin juice were retained or improved to some extent. The antioxidant capacity was also increased by 9.09%, 10.25%, and 16.9% compared to the untreated group. During sonication, the particle size of all samples decreased significantly, the microstructure broke down significantly, and the sensory qualities of pumpkin juice were well preserved after sonication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Chunli Zhou
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Long Ma
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Wei Su
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Xueyan Hu
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
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3
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Luo H, Bao Y, Zhu P. Nutritional and functional insight into novel probiotic lycopene-soy milk by genome edited Bacillus subtilis. Food Chem 2023; 429:136973. [PMID: 37499509 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional and functional soy-based milk gains growing attention globally in food industry. However, its poor sensorial attributes, single flavor, and limited substance variety become critical issues in displaying balanced nutrition and multifunction for health. Herein, a novel probiotic lycopene-soy milk was developed by genome edited Bacillus subtilis harboring lycopene biosynthesis cassette with efficient lycopene production of 25.73 ± 1.57 mg/g DCW. Further investigation displayed desirable pH, reducing sugar, protein, total phenolic content and isoflavone for achieved milk than conventional soy milk, implying it with well-balanced nutritional quality. Notably, achieved milk exhibited stronger antioxidant capacity and higher isoflavone bioavailability for functionality. Moreover, it possessed significantly high scores for taste, appearance, and overall acceptability, suggesting its excellent sensorial attributes. To our delight, it is the first time to fortify soy-milk with probiotic and lycopene by genome edited B. subtilis to explore additive effect on improving nutritional value and functionality for food application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yihong Bao
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Wei RR, Lin QY, Adu M, Huang HL, Yan ZH, Shao F, Zhong GY, Zhang ZL, Sang ZP, Cao L, Ma QG. The sources, properties, extraction, biosynthesis, pharmacology, and application of lycopene. Food Funct 2023; 14:9974-9998. [PMID: 37916682 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene is an important pigment with an alkene skeleton from Lycopersicon esculentum, which is also obtained from some red fruits and vegetables. Lycopene is used in the food field with rich functions and serves in the medical field with multiple clinical values because it has dual functions of both medicine and food. It was found that lycopene was mainly isolated by solvent extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, high-intensity pulsed electric field-assisted extraction, enzymatic-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. Meanwhile, it was also obtained via 2 synthetic pathways: chemical synthesis and biosynthesis. Pharmacological studies revealed that lycopene has anti-oxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-cancer, immunity-enhancing, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, cardiovascular-protective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and osteoporosis-inhibiting effects. The application of lycopene mainly includes food processing, animal breeding, and medical cosmetology fields. It is hoped that this review will provide some useful information and guidance for future study and exploitation of lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rui Wei
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory Service Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Qing-Yuan Lin
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory Service Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Mozili Adu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory Service Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Hui-Lian Huang
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory Service Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Yan
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory Service Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Feng Shao
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory Service Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Guo-Yue Zhong
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory Service Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Zhong-Li Zhang
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory Service Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Zhi-Pei Sang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education and One Health Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lan Cao
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory Service Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Qin-Ge Ma
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Laboratory Service Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
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Du B, Sun M, Hui W, Xie C, Xu X. Recent Advances on Key Enzymes of Microbial Origin in the Lycopene Biosynthesis Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12927-12942. [PMID: 37609695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene is a common carotenoid found mainly in ripe red fruits and vegetables that is widely used in the food industry due to its characteristic color and health benefits. Microbial synthesis of lycopene is gradually replacing the traditional methods of plant extraction and chemical synthesis as a more economical and productive manufacturing strategy. The biosynthesis of lycopene is a typical multienzyme cascade reaction, and it is important to understand the characteristics of each key enzyme involved and how they are regulated. In this paper, the catalytic characteristics of the key enzymes involved in the lycopene biosynthesis pathway and related studies are first discussed in detail. Then, the strategies applied to the key enzymes of lycopene synthesis, including fusion proteins, enzyme screening, combinatorial engineering, CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing, DNA assembly, and scaffolding technologies are purposefully illustrated and compared in terms of both traditional and emerging multienzyme regulatory strategies. Finally, future developments and regulatory options for multienzyme synthesis of lycopene and similar secondary metabolites are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangmian Du
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengjuan Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenyang Hui
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengjia Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xian Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu Province, China
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Silva PBVD, Brenelli LB, Mariutti LRB. Waste and by-products as sources of lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene - Integrative review with bibliometric analysis. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112838. [PMID: 37254412 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Food loss and waste are severe social, economic, and environmental issues. An example is the incorrect handling of waste or by-products used to obtain bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids. This review aimed to present a comprehensive overview of research on lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene obtained from waste and by-products. In this study, an integrative literature approach was coupled with bibliometric analysis to provide a broad perspective of the topic. PRISMA guidelines were used to search studies in the Web of Science database systematically. Articles were included if (1) employed waste or by-products to obtain lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene or (2) performed applications of the carotenoids previously extracted from waste sources. Two hundred and four articles were included in the study, and the prevalent theme was research on the recovery of lycopene from tomato processing. However, the scarcity of studies on colorless carotenoids (phytoene and phytofluene) was evidenced, although these are generally associated with lycopene. Different technologies were used to extract lycopene from plant matrices, with a clear current trend toward choosing environmentally friendly alternatives. Microbial production of carotenoids from various wastes is a highly competitive alternative to conventional processes. The results described here can guide future forays into the subject, especially regarding research on phytoene and phytofluene, potential and untapped sources of carotenoids from waste and by-products, and in choosing more efficient, safe, and environmentally sustainable extraction protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brivaldo Viana da Silva
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Regina Barros Mariutti
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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7
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Development of a novel functional yogurt rich in lycopene by Bacillus subtilis. Food Chem 2023; 407:135142. [PMID: 36493487 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Functional lycopene-rich yogurt displays attractive nutritious and health-promoting benefits among existing functional dairy products, owing to supplement with lycopene which could enhance immunity, prevent cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Due to poor stability and fat-solubility of lycopene, its incorporation into yogurt is challengeable. In this study, carotenoid genes for lycopene synthesis were co-introduced into probiotic Bacillus subtilis for efficient lycopene production. Further engineered B. subtilis was applied as adjunct starter culture for achieving lycopene-rich yogurt. Developed yogurt exhibited desirable physiochemical characteristics compared with plain yogurt. Moreover, lycopene-rich yogurt was endowed with significantly high antioxidant capacity. More importantly, this functionalized yogurt had attractive sensorial attributes for quality-assured food to facilitate consumer acceptance. As the first report of fortifying yogurt of lycopene using B. subtilis with improved functional properties, this study offers a new and facile clue to enrich bioactive lycopene and probiotic B. subtilis in yogurt for healthy and nutritional food development.
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Zhou K, Yu C, Liang N, Xiao W, Wang Y, Yao M, Yuan Y. Adaptive Evolution and Metabolic Engineering Boost Lycopene Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via Enhanced Precursors Supply and Utilization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3821-3831. [PMID: 36802623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene is a red carotenoid with remarkable antioxidant activity, which has been widely used in food, cosmetics, medicine, and other industries. Production of lycopene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides an economic and sustainable means. Many efforts have been done in recent years, but the titer of lycopene seems to reach a ceiling. Enhancing the supply and utilization of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) is generally regarded as an efficient strategy for terpenoid production. Herein, an integrated strategy by means of atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis combined with H2O2-induced adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) was proposed to improve the supply of upstream metabolic flux toward FPP. Enhancing the expression of CrtE and introducing an engineered CrtI mutant (Y160F&N576S) increased the utilization of FPP toward lycopene. Consequently, the titer of lycopene in the strain harboring the Ura3 marker was increased by 60% to 703 mg/L (89.3 mg/g DCW) at the shake-flask level. Eventually, the highest reported titer of 8.15 g/L of lycopene in S. cerevisiae was achieved in a 7 L bioreactor. The study highlights an effective strategy that the synergistic complementarity of metabolic engineering and adaptive evolution facilitates natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhou
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Nan Liang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Research Progress on Lycopene in Swine and Poultry Nutrition: An Update. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050883. [PMID: 36899740 PMCID: PMC10000198 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and in-feed antibiotics restrictions have accelerated the development of natural, green, safe feed additives for swine and poultry diets. Lycopene has the greatest antioxidant potential among the carotenoids, due to its specific chemical structure. In the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to lycopene as a functional additive for swine and poultry feed. In this review, we systematically summarized the latest research progress on lycopene in swine and poultry nutrition during the past ten years (2013-2022). We primarily focused on the effects of lycopene on productivity, meat and egg quality, antioxidant function, immune function, lipid metabolism, and intestinal physiological functions. The output of this review highlights the crucial foundation of lycopene as a functional feed supplement for animal nutrition.
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Kapoor B, Gulati M, Rani P, Kochhar RS, Atanasov AG, Gupta R, Sharma D, Kapoor D. Lycopene: Sojourn from kitchen to an effective therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Biofactors 2022; 49:208-227. [PMID: 36318372 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reports on a significant positive correlation between consumption of carotenoid-rich food and prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) led to the investigation of carotenoids for the treatment and prevention of AD. More than 1100 types of carotenoids are found naturally, out of which only around 50 are absorbed and metabolized in human body. Lycopene is one of the most commonly ingested members of fat-soluble carotenoid family that gives vegetables and fruits their red, yellow, or orange color. Lycopene has established itself as a promising therapy for AD owing to its neuroprotective activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiamyloidogenic properties. In this review, we highlight the various in vitro and preclinical studies demonstrating the neuroprotective effect of lycopene. Also, some epidemiological and interventional studies investigating the protective effect of lycopene in AD have been discussed. Diving deeper, we also discuss various significant mechanisms, through which lycopene exerts its remissive effects in AD. Finally, to overcome the issue of poor chemical stability and bioavailability of lycopene, some of the novel delivery systems developed for lycopene have also been briefly highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pooja Rani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | | | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reena Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Deepak Kapoor
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Punjab State Council for Science & Technology (PSCST), Chandigarh, India
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Wang Q, Chen Y, Yang Q, Zhao J, Feng L, Wang M. SR5AL serves as a key regulatory gene in lycopene biosynthesis by Blakeslea trispora. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:126. [PMID: 35752808 PMCID: PMC9233402 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trisporic acids are considered to be key regulators of carotenoid biosynthesis and sexual reproduction in zygomycetes, but the mechanisms underlying this regulation have not been fully elucidated. RESULTS In this study, the relationships between trisporic acids and lycopene synthesis were investigated in Blakeslea trispora. The lycopene concentration in single fermentation by the (-) strain with the addition of 24 μg/L trisporic acids was slightly higher than that observed in mated fermentation. After transcriptomic analysis, a steroid 5α-reductase-like gene, known as SR5AL in B. trispora, was first reported. 5α-Reductase inhibitors reduced lycopene biosynthesis and downregulated the expression of sex determination and carotenoid biosynthesis genes. Overexpression of the SR5AL gene upregulated these genes, regardless of whether trisporic acids were added. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that the SR5AL gene is a key gene associated with the response to trisporic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology (Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Qingxiang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China. .,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology (Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Jihong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology (Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Lingran Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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Kang DH, Ko SC, Heo YB, Lee HJ, Woo HM. RoboMoClo: A Robotics-Assisted Modular Cloning Framework for Multiple Gene Assembly in Biofoundry. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1336-1348. [PMID: 35167276 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and versatile DNA assembly frameworks have had an impact on promoting synthetic biology to build complex biological systems. To accelerate system development, laboratory automation (or biofoundry) provides an opportunity to construct organisms and DNA assemblies via computer-aided design. However, a modular cloning (MoClo) system for multiple DNA assemblies limits the biofoundry workflow in terms of simplicity and feasibility by preparing the number of cloning materials such as destination vectors prior to the automation process. Herein, we propose robot-assisted MoClo (RoboMoClo) to accelerate a synthetic biology project with multiple gene expressions at the biofoundry. The architecture of the RoboMoClo framework provides a hybrid strategy of hierarchical gene assembly and iterative gene assembly, and fewer destination vectors compared with other MoClo systems. An industrial bacterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum, was used as a model host for RoboMoClo. After building a biopart library (promoter and terminator; level 0) and evaluating its features (level 1), various transcriptional directions in multiple gene assemblies (level 2) were studied using the RoboMoClo vectors. Among the constructs, the convergent construct exhibited potential transcriptional interference through the collision of RNA polymerases. To study design of experiment-guided lycopene biosynthesis in C. glutamicum (levels 1, 2, and 3), the biofoundry-assisted multiple gene assembly was demonstrated as a proof-of-concept by constructing various sub-pathway units (level 2) and pathway units (level 3) for C. glutamicum. The RoboMoClo framework provides an improved MoClo toolkit for laboratory automation in a synthetic biology application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biofoundry Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Cheon Ko
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biofoundry Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Been Heo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biofoundry Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biofoundry Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Min Woo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biofoundry Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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13
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Ye Z, Shi B, Huang Y, Ma T, Xiang Z, Hu B, Kuang Z, Huang M, Lin X, Tian Z, Deng Z, Shen K, Liu T. Revolution of vitamin E production by starting from microbial fermented farnesene to isophytol. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100228. [PMID: 35373168 PMCID: PMC8968663 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is one of the most widely used vitamins. In the classical commercial synthesis of vitamin E (α-tocopherol), the chemical synthesis of isophytol is the key technical barrier. Here, we establish a new process for isophytol synthesis from microbial fermented farnesene. To achieve an efficient pathway for farnesene production, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was selected as the host strain. First, β-farnesene synthase genes from different sources were screened, and through protein engineering and system metabolic engineering, a high production of β-farnesene in S. cerevisiae was achieved (55.4 g/L). This farnesene can be chemically converted into isophytol in three steps with approximately 92% yield, which is economically equal to that from the best total chemical synthesis. Furthermore, we co-produced lycopene and farnesene to reduce the cost of farnesene. A factory based on this new process was successfully operated in Hubei Province, China, in 2017, with an annual output of 30,000 tons of vitamin E. This new process has completely changed the vitamin E market due to its low cost and safety. The traditional chemical synthesis of vitamin E is complex and could be explosive An innovative way to synthesize isophytol from biofermented farnesene is established This process is safer and cheaper, changing the production and marketing of vitamin E Co-production of β-farnesene and lycopene improves the competitiveness of this process
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- J1 Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- J1 Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Yanglei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zilei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ben Hu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhaolin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Man Huang
- J1 Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Corresponding author
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14
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Grewal J, Woła̧cewicz M, Pyter W, Joshi N, Drewniak L, Pranaw K. Colorful Treasure From Agro-Industrial Wastes: A Sustainable Chassis for Microbial Pigment Production. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:832918. [PMID: 35173704 PMCID: PMC8841802 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.832918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colors with their attractive appeal have been an integral part of human lives and the easy cascade of chemical catalysis enables fast, bulk production of these synthetic colorants with low costs. However, the resulting hazardous impacts on the environment and human health has stimulated an interest in natural pigments as a safe and ecologically clean alternative. Amidst sources of natural producers, the microbes with their diversity, ease of all-season production and peculiar bioactivities are attractive entities for industrial production of these marketable natural colorants. Further, in line with circular bioeconomy and environmentally clean technologies, the use of agro-industrial wastes as feedstocks for carrying out the microbial transformations paves way for sustainable and cost-effective production of these valuable secondary metabolites with simultaneous waste management. The present review aims to comprehensively cover the current green workflow of microbial colorant production by encompassing the potency of waste feedstocks and fermentation technologies. The commercially important pigments viz. astaxanthin, prodigiosin, canthaxanthin, lycopene, and β-carotene produced by native and engineered bacterial, fungal, or yeast strains have been elaborately discussed with their versatile applications in food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, cosmetics, etc. The limitations and their economic viability to meet the future market demands have been envisaged. The most recent advances in various molecular approaches to develop engineered microbiological systems for enhanced pigment production have been included to provide new perspectives to this burgeoning field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kumar Pranaw
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Zou D, Ye C, Min Y, Li L, Ruan L, Yang Z, Wei X. Production of a novel lycopene-rich soybean food by fermentation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Carvalho GC, de Camargo BAF, de Araújo JTC, Chorilli M. Lycopene: From tomato to its nutraceutical use and its association with nanotechnology. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Chen X, Zhao Y, Liu K, Li Z, Tan X, Wang Y, Gao N, Liu C, Fang X, Wang Y. Lycopene Aggravates Acute Gastric Injury Induced by Ethanol. Front Nutr 2021; 8:697879. [PMID: 34485361 PMCID: PMC8415829 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.697879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is an important natural red pigment with strong singlet oxygen and peroxide free radical quenching ability. Ethanol directly destroys the epithelial cells of gastric mucosa, causing oxidative damage and inflammation. To evaluate the effect of lycopene on the ethanol induced gastric injury, 112 adult male Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control, lycopene control, gastric injury control, omeprazole (20 mg/kg) positive control, and lycopene experimental groups (at doses of 10, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight) in this study. The general and pathological evaluation, gastric secretion, as well as the levels of antioxidant and inflammatory factors were detected. In lycopene experimental groups, the amount of gastric juice were lower than that in the gastric injury control group; the levels of T-SOD, and the levels of MDA and inflammatory factors (MMP-9 and MCP-1) decreased. However, general and pathological evaluation of gastric tissues revealed that lycopene (especially at high doses) could aggravate acute gastric mucosal injury induced by ethanol. Therefore, lycopene (especially at high doses) aggravates acute gastric mucosal injury caused by ethanol, but this was not due to oxidative stress or inflammatory factors. In lycopene control group, the levels of MTL, T-SOD, and NO increased, but the levels of ALT and AST decreased, indicating that lycopene has a protective effect on the stomach and liver when ethanol wasn't taken. It reminds us that, when alcohol is consumed in large quantities, consumption of lycopene products should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuechao Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Keying Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zexu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xingru Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- College of Teacher Education, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Gao
- Amicogen (China) Biopharm Company, Jining, China
| | - Chenming Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaoqi Fang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Yanlong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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18
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Wang J, Zhang J, Li J, Dawuda MM, Ali B, Wu Y, Yu J, Tang Z, Lyu J, Xiao X, Hu L, Xie J. Exogenous Application of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Promotes Coloration and Improves the Quality of Tomato Fruit by Regulating Carotenoid Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:683868. [PMID: 34220904 PMCID: PMC8243651 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.683868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) plays an important role in plant growth and development. It can also be used to enhance crop resistance to environmental stresses and improve the color and internal quality of fruits. However, there are limited reports regarding the effects of ALA on tomato fruit color and its regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, in this study, the effects of exogenous ALA on the quality and coloration of tomato fruits were examined. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum "Yuanwei No. 1") fruit surfaces were treated with different concentrations of ALA (0, 100, and 200 mg⋅L-1) on the 24th day after fruit setting (mature green fruit stage), and the content of soluble sugar, titratable acid, soluble protein, vitamin C, and total free amino acids, as well as amino acid components, intermediates of lycopene synthetic and metabolic pathways, and ALA metabolic pathway derivatives were determined during fruit ripening. The relative expression levels of genes involved in lycopene synthesis and metabolism and those involved in ALA metabolism were also analyzed. The results indicated that exogenous ALA (200 mg⋅L-1) increased the contents of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, total free amino acids, and vitamin C as well as 11 kinds of amino acid components in tomato fruits and reduced the content of titratable acids, thus improving the quality of tomato fruits harvested 4 days earlier than those of the control plants. In addition, exogenous ALA markedly improved carotenoid biosynthesis by upregulating the gene expression levels of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, phytoene synthase 1, phytoene desaturase, and lycopene β-cyclase. Furthermore, exogenous ALA inhibited chlorophyll synthesis by downregulating the genes expression levels of Mg-chelatase and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. These findings suggest that supplementation with 200 mg⋅L-1 ALA not only enhances the nutritional quality and color of the fruit but also promotes early fruit maturation in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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19
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Wang J, Zhu L, Li Y, Xu S, Jiang W, Liang C, Fang Y, Chu A, Zhang L, Ding Z, Shi G. Enhancing Geranylgeraniol Production by Metabolic Engineering and Utilization of Isoprenol as a Substrate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4480-4489. [PMID: 33823596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The amount of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) is vital for microbial production of geranylgeraniol (GGOH) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, a GGPP synthase with stronger catalytic ability was used to increase the supply of GGPP, and an engineered strain producing 374.02 mg/L GGOH at the shake flask level was constructed. Then, by increasing the metabolic flux of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway and the supply of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), the titer was further increased to 772.98 mg/L at the shake flask level, and we achieved the highest GGOH titer to date of 5.07 g/L in a 5 L bioreactor. This is the first report on the utilization of isoprenol for increasing the amount of IPP and enhancing GGOH production in S. cerevisiae. In the future, these strategies and engineered strains can be used to enhance the production of other terpenoids in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Youran Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojuan Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yakun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Alex Chu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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20
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Genome Sequence Analysis of the Oleaginous Yeast, Rhodotorula diobovata, and Comparison of the Carotenogenic and Oleaginous Pathway Genes and Gene Products with Other Oleaginous Yeasts. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040320. [PMID: 33924147 PMCID: PMC8074367 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodotorula diobovata is an oleaginous and carotenogenic yeast, useful for diverse biotechnological applications. To understand the molecular basis of its potential applications, the genome was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq and Ion Torrent platforms, assembled by AbySS, and annotated using the JGI annotation pipeline. The genome size, 21.1 MB, was similar to that of the biotechnological “workhorse”, R. toruloides. Comparative analyses of the R. diobovata genome sequence with those of other Rhodotorula species, Yarrowia lipolytica, Phaffia rhodozyma, Lipomyces starkeyi, and Sporidiobolus salmonicolor, were conducted, with emphasis on the carotenoid and neutral lipid biosynthesis pathways. Amino acid sequence alignments of key enzymes in the lipid biosynthesis pathway revealed why the activity of malic enzyme and ATP-citrate lyase may be ambiguous in Y. lipolytica and L. starkeyi. Phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship between R. diobovata and R. graminis WP1. Dot-plot analysis of the coding sequences of the genes crtYB and ME1 corroborated sequence homologies between sequences from R. diobovata and R. graminis. There was, however, nonsequential alignment between crtYB CDS sequences from R. diobovata and those from X. dendrorhous. This research presents the first genome analysis of R. diobovata with a focus on its biotechnological potential as a lipid and carotenoid producer.
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Mussagy CU, Khan S, Kot AM. Current developments on the application of microbial carotenoids as an alternative to synthetic pigments. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6932-6946. [PMID: 33798005 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1908222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial carotenoids have attracted rising interest from several industries as a sustainable alternative to substitute the synthetic ones. Traditionally, carotenoids available in the market are obtained by the chemical route using nonrenewable sources (petrochemicals), revealing the negative impact on the environment and consumers. The most promising developments in the upstream and downstream processes of microbial carotenoids are reviewed in this work. The use of agro-based raw materials for bioproduction, and alternative solvents such as biosolvents, deep eutectic solvents, and ionic liquids for the recovery/polishing of microbial carotenoids were also reviewed. The principal advances in the field, regarding the biorefinery and circular economy concepts, were also discussed for a better understanding of the current developments. This review provides comprehensive overview of the hot topics in the field besides an exhaustive analysis of the main advantages/drawbacks and opportunities regarding the implementation of microbial carotenoids in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Sabir Khan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Anna Maria Kot
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Rapoport A, Guzhova I, Bernetti L, Buzzini P, Kieliszek M, Kot AM. Carotenoids and Some Other Pigments from Fungi and Yeasts. Metabolites 2021; 11:92. [PMID: 33561985 PMCID: PMC7915786 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are an essential group of compounds that may be obtained by microbiological synthesis. They are instrumental in various areas of industry, medicine, agriculture, and ecology. The increase of carotenoids' demand at the global market is now essential. At the moment, the production of natural carotenoids is more expensive than obtaining their synthetic forms, but several new approaches/directions on how to decrease this difference were developed during the last decades. This review briefly describes the information accumulated until now about the beneficial effects of carotenoids on human health protection, their possible application in the treatments of various diseases, and their use in the food and feed industry. This review also describes some issues that are linked with biotechnological production of fungal and yeasts carotenoids, as well as new approaches/directions to make their biotechnological production more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rapoport
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str. 1-537, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Irina Guzhova
- Laboratory of Cell Protective Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Avenue 4, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Lorenzo Bernetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences and Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences and Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Maria Kot
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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23
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Pathway engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for efficient lycopene production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1033-1047. [PMID: 33486569 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To construct a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for efficient lycopene production, we used a pathway engineering strategy based on expression modules comprising fusion proteins and a strong constitutive promoter. The two recombinant plasmids pEBI encoding the fusion genes with an inducible promoter, as well as pIETB with a constitutive promoter and terminator were introduced into S. cerevisiae YPH499 and BY4741 to obtain the four recombinant strains ypEBI, ypIETB, byEBI and byIETB. The lycopene production and the transcription levels of key genes were higher in the BY4741 chassis than in YPH499. Accordingly, the content of total and unsaturated fatty acids was also higher in BY4741, which also exhibited a decrease of glucose, increase of trehalose, increase of metabolite in citrate cycle, and low levels of amino acids. These changes rerouted metabolic fluxes toward lycopene synthesis, indicating that the BY4741 chassis was more suitable for lycopene synthesis. The lycopene content of bpIETB in SG-Leu medium supplemented with 100 mg/L of linolenic acid reached 10.12 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW), which was 85.7% higher than without the addition of unsaturated fatty acids. The constitutive promoter expression strategy employed in this study achieved efficient lycopene synthesis in S. cerevisiae, and the strain bpIETB was obtained a suitable chassis host for lycopene production, which provides a basis for further optimization of lycopene production in artificial synthetic cells and a reference for the multi-enzyme synthesis of other similar complex terpenoids.
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24
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Buntru M, Hahnengress N, Croon A, Schillberg S. Plant-Derived Cell-Free Biofactories for the Production of Secondary Metabolites. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:794999. [PMID: 35154185 PMCID: PMC8832058 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.794999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free expression systems enable the production of proteins and metabolites within a few hours or days. Removing the cellular context while maintaining the protein biosynthesis apparatus provides an open system that allows metabolic pathways to be installed and optimized by expressing different numbers and combinations of enzymes. This facilitates the synthesis of secondary metabolites that are difficult to produce in cell-based systems because they are toxic to the host cell or immediately converted into downstream products. Recently, we developed a cell-free lysate derived from tobacco BY-2 cell suspension cultures for the production of recombinant proteins. This system is remarkably productive, achieving yields of up to 3 mg/mL in a one-pot in vitro transcription-translation reaction and contains highly active energy and cofactor regeneration pathways. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the BY-2 cell-free lysate also allows the efficient production of several classes of secondary metabolites. As case studies, we synthesized lycopene, indigoidine, betanin, and betaxanthins, which are useful in the food, cosmetic, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. Production was achieved by the co-expression of up to three metabolic enzymes. For all four products, we achieved medium to high yields. However, the yield of betanin (555 μg/mL) was outstanding, exceeding the level reported in yeast cells by a factor of more than 30. Our results show that the BY-2 cell-free lysate is suitable not only for the verification and optimization of metabolic pathways, but also for the efficient production of small to medium quantities of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Buntru
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nils Hahnengress
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Croon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Stefan Schillberg,
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Maffei ME. 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP): Natural Occurrence, Analysis, Biosynthesis, Biotechnology, Physiology and Toxicology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E181. [PMID: 33375373 PMCID: PMC7796270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is both a drug and a natural component of some dietary supplements. 5-HTP is produced from tryptophan by tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), which is present in two isoforms (TPH1 and TPH2). Decarboxylation of 5-HTP yields serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) that is further transformed to melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). 5-HTP plays a major role both in neurologic and metabolic diseases and its synthesis from tryptophan represents the limiting step in serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis. In this review, after an look at the main natural sources of 5-HTP, the chemical analysis and synthesis, biosynthesis and microbial production of 5-HTP by molecular engineering will be described. The physiological effects of 5-HTP are discussed in both animal studies and human clinical trials. The physiological role of 5-HTP in the treatment of depression, anxiety, panic, sleep disorders, obesity, myoclonus and serotonin syndrome are also discussed. 5-HTP toxicity and the occurrence of toxic impurities present in tryptophan and 5-HTP preparations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo E Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
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