1
|
Müller T, Schick S, Klemp JS, Sprenger GA, Takors R. Synthetic co-culture in an interconnected two-compartment bioreactor system: violacein production with recombinant E. coli strains. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:713-724. [PMID: 38627303 PMCID: PMC11093872 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
The concept of modular synthetic co-cultures holds considerable potential for biomanufacturing, primarily to reduce the metabolic burden of individual strains by sharing tasks among consortium members. However, current consortia often show unilateral relationships solely, without stabilizing feedback control mechanisms, and are grown in a shared cultivation setting. Such 'one pot' approaches hardly install optimum growth and production conditions for the individual partners. Hence, novel mutualistic, self-coordinating consortia are needed that are cultured under optimal growth and production conditions for each member. The heterologous production of the antibiotic violacein (VIO) in the mutually interacting E. coli-E. coli consortium serves as an example of this new principle. Interdependencies for growth control were implemented via auxotrophies for L-tryptophan and anthranilate (ANT) that were satisfied by the respective partner. Furthermore, VIO production was installed in the ANT auxotrophic strain. VIO production, however, requires low temperatures of 20-30 °C which conflicts with the optimum growth temperature of E. coli at 37 °C. Consequently, a two-compartment, two-temperature level setup was used, retaining the mutual interaction of the cells via the filter membrane-based exchange of medium. This configuration also provided the flexibility to perform individualized batch and fed-batch strategies for each co-culture member. We achieved maximum biomass-specific productivities of around 6 mg (g h)-1 at 25 °C which holds great promise for future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Müller
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon Schick
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan-Simon Klemp
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Georg A Sprenger
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li R, Lichstrahl MS, Zandi TA, Kahlert L, Townsend CA. The dabABC operon is a marker of C4-alkylated monobactam biosynthesis and responsible for ( 2S, 3R)-diaminobutyrate production. iScience 2024; 27:109202. [PMID: 38433893 PMCID: PMC10906522 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) assemble metabolites of medicinal and commercial value. Both serine and threonine figure prominently in these processes and separately can be converted to the additional NRPS building blocks 2,3-diaminopropionate (Dap) and 2,3-diaminobutyrate (Dab). Here we bring extensive bioinformatics, in vivo and in vitro experimentation to compose a unified view of the biosynthesis of these widely distributed non-canonical amino acids that both derive by pyridoxal-mediated β-elimination of the activated O-phosphorylated substrates followed by β-addition of an amine donor. By examining monobactam biosynthesis in Pseudomonas and in Burkholderia species where it is silent, we show that (2S,3R)-Dab synthesis depends on an l-threonine kinase (DabA), a β-replacement reaction with l-aspartate (DabB) and an argininosuccinate lyase-like protein (DabC). The growing clinical importance of monobactams to both withstand Ambler Class B metallo-β-lactamases and retain their antibiotic activity make reprogrammed precursor and NRPS synthesis of modified monobactams a feasible and attractive goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael S. Lichstrahl
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Trevor A. Zandi
- T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lukas Kahlert
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Craig A. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stein NV, Eder M, Brameyer S, Schwenkert S, Jung H. The ABC transporter family efflux pump PvdRT-OpmQ of Pseudomonas putida KT2440: purification and initial characterization. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:1403-1414. [PMID: 36807028 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite efflux systems of the ABC-type family transport a variety of substrates and contribute to the antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative bacteria. PvdRT-OpmQ, a member of this family, is thought to be involved in the secretion of the newly synthesized and recycled siderophore pyoverdine in Pseudomonas species. Here, we purified and characterized the inner membrane component PvdT and the periplasmic adapter protein PvdR of the plant growth-promoting soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440. We show that PvdT possesses an ATPase activity that is stimulated by the addition of PvdR. In addition, we provide the first biochemical evidence for direct interactions between pyoverdine and PvdRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Victoria Stein
- Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michelle Eder
- Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sophie Brameyer
- Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany.,Service Unit Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Serena Schwenkert
- Service Unit Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Heinrich Jung
- Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
High-Level Expression of Cell-Surface Signaling System Hxu Enhances Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infection. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0032922. [PMID: 36169312 PMCID: PMC9584290 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00329-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are associated with a high mortality rate in the clinic. However, the fitness mechanisms responsible for the evolution of virulence factors that facilitate the dissemination of P. aeruginosa to the bloodstream are poorly understood. In this study, a transcriptomic analysis of the BSI-associated P. aeruginosa clinical isolates showed a high-level expression of cell-surface signaling (CSS) system Hxu. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics of these isolates showed that a mutation in rnfE gene was responsible for the elevated expression of the Hxu-CSS pathway. Most importantly, deletion of the hxuIRA gene cluster in a laboratory strain PAO1 reduced its BSI capability while overexpression of the HxuIRA pathway promoted BSI in a murine sepsis model. We further demonstrated that multiple components in the blood plasma, including heme, hemoglobin, the heme-scavenging proteins haptoglobin, and hemopexin, as well as the iron-delivery protein transferrin, could activate the Hxu system. Together, these studies suggested that the Hxu-CSS system was an important signal transduction pathway contributing to the adaptive pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa in BSI.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sugue MF, Burdur AN, Ringel MT, Dräger G, Brüser T. PvdM of fluorescent pseudomonads is required for the oxidation of ferribactin by PvdP in periplasmic pyoverdine maturation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102201. [PMID: 35764171 PMCID: PMC9305348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent pseudomonads such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Pseudomonas fluorescens produce pyoverdine siderophores that ensure iron-supply in iron-limited environments. After its synthesis in the cytoplasm, the nonfluorescent pyoverdine precursor ferribactin is exported into the periplasm, where the enzymes PvdQ, PvdP, PvdO, PvdN, and PtaA are responsible for fluorophore maturation and tailoring steps. While the roles of all these enzymes are clear, little is known about the role of PvdM, a human renal dipeptidase–related protein that is predicted to be periplasmic and that is essential for pyoverdine biogenesis. Here, we reveal the subcellular localization and functional role of PvdM. Using the model organism P. fluorescens, we show that PvdM is anchored to the periplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane, where it is indispensable for the activity of the tyrosinase PvdP. While PvdM does not share the metallopeptidase function of renal dipeptidase, it still has the corresponding peptide-binding site. The substrate of PvdP, deacylated ferribactin, is secreted by a ΔpvdM mutant strain, indicating that PvdM prevents loss of this periplasmic biosynthesis intermediate into the medium by ensuring the efficient transfer of ferribactin to PvdP in vivo. We propose that PvdM belongs to a new dipeptidase-related protein subfamily with inactivated Zn2+ coordination sites, members of which are usually genetically linked to TonB-dependent uptake systems and often associated with periplasmic FAD-dependent oxidoreductases related to d-amino acid oxidases. We suggest that these proteins are necessary for selective binding, exposure, or transfer of specific d- and l-amino acid–containing peptides and other periplasmic biomolecules in manifold pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Nazmi Burdur
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael T Ringel
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerald Dräger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1 B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüser
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wirtz L, Eder M, Brand AK, Jung H. HutT functions as the major L-histidine transporter in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2113-2126. [PMID: 34245008 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Histidine is an important carbon and nitrogen source of γ-proteobacteria and can affect bacteria-host interactions. The mechanisms of histidine uptake are only partly understood. Here, we analyze functional properties of the putative histidine transporter HutT of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida. The hutT gene is part of the histidine utilization operon, and the gene product belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) family of secondary transporters. Deletion of hutT severely impairs growth of P. putida on histidine, suggesting that the encoded transporter is the major histidine uptake system of P. putida. Transport experiments with cells and purified and reconstituted protein indicate that HutT functions as a high-affinity histidine : proton symporter with high specificity for the amino acid. Substitution analyses identified amino acids crucial for HutT function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Wirtz
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology 1, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michelle Eder
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology 1, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina Brand
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology 1, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Heinrich Jung
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology 1, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|