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Shamoun SF, Elliott M. Comparative Efficacy of Chondrosterum purpureum and Chemical Herbicides for Control of Resprouts in Tanoak and Bay Laurel. Pathogens 2022; 11:485. [PMID: 35631006 PMCID: PMC9143336 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The invasive Oomycete pathogen Phytophthora ramorum has killed millions of susceptible oak and tanoak trees in California and southern Oregon forests and is responsible for losses in revenue to the nursery industry through mitigation activities. In addition, infestation of forests in the United Kingdom by this organism has resulted in the destruction of many hectares of larch plantations. Resprouting stumps can be a reservoir for the inoculum of P. ramorum persisting on a site. In areas where the application of herbicides is not permitted, a biocontrol treatment would be an indispensable alternative. Treatment of stumps with the sap-rotting fungus Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar has been shown to be an effective tool for the suppression of resprouting on several species, most notably red alder. In this project, the ability of C. purpureum to suppress resprouting was evaluated on stumps of two host species, tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) and California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica). Laboratory testing of three California isolates of C. purpureum indicated that the fungus can colonize bay laurel stems. Field trials were established near Brookings, Oregon, on tanoak and on bay laurel near Soquel, California. Early results of field testing showed that C. purpureum was able to colonize the stumps of tanoak following treatment and was found to occur naturally on tanoak logs and stumps. Formulations of C. purpureum appear to have some effect on reducing sprout survival in tanoak, but the most effective and rapid treatment for this host is the hack and squirt method of applying the herbicide imazapyr. Sprayed herbicide prevents sprouting on bay laurel, and there was evidence that resprouting was inhibited on stumps treated with C. purpureum. Over time, applications of C. purpureum may be a more permanent solution as the stumps begin to decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Francis Shamoun
- Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada
| | - Marianne Elliott
- Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 2606 West Pioneer, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA;
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Shishupala S. Biocontrol Potential of Fungi for Pest and Pathogen Management. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8877-5_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Grinbergs D, Chilian J, Hahn C, Reyes M, Isla M, France A, Børve J. Silverleaf (Chondrostereum purpureum) Effects on Japanese Plum (Prunus salicina). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122777. [PMID: 34961248 PMCID: PMC8709163 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silverleaf is an important fungal trunk disease of fruit crops, such as Japanese plum (Prunus salicina). It is known that infection by Chondrostereum purpureum results in discolored wood, “silvered” foliage, and tree decline. However, effects on fruit yield and quality have not been assessed. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine C. purpureum pathogenicity on P. salicina and the effects on physiology, fruit yield, and quality, in Chile, in 2019 and 2020. Wood samples from affected plum trees were collected in the Chilean plum productive area. Fungi were isolated by plating wood sections from the necrosis margin on culture media. Morphological and molecular characteristics of the isolates corresponded to C. purpureum (98%). Representative isolates were inoculated from healthy plum plants and after 65-d incubation, wood necrotic lesions and silver leaves were visible. Fungi were reisolated, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. To determine Silverleaf effects, xylem water potential and fruit yield and quality were measured in healthy and Silverleaf-diseased plum trees ‘Angeleno’. Water potential was altered in diseased trees, and fruit yield was reduced by 51% (2019) and by 41% (2020) compared to fruit from healthy trees. Moreover, cover-colour, equatorial-diameter, and weight were reduced, and fruit were softer, failing to meet the criteria to be properly commercialized and exported to demanding markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina Grinbergs
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología de Frutales INIA Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (C.H.); (M.R.); (M.I.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (J.C.); Tel.: +56-42-2206-832 (D.G. & J.C.)
| | - Javier Chilian
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología de Frutales INIA Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (C.H.); (M.R.); (M.I.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (J.C.); Tel.: +56-42-2206-832 (D.G. & J.C.)
| | - Carla Hahn
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología de Frutales INIA Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (C.H.); (M.R.); (M.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Marisol Reyes
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología de Frutales INIA Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (C.H.); (M.R.); (M.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Mariana Isla
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología de Frutales INIA Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (C.H.); (M.R.); (M.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrés France
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología de Frutales INIA Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (C.H.); (M.R.); (M.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Jorunn Børve
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NIBIO, P.O. Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway;
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Çayan F, Tel‐Çayan G, Deveci E, Duru ME. A comprehensive study on phenolic compounds and bioactive properties of five mushroom species via chemometric approach. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Çayan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies Muğla Vocational School Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Muğla Turkey
| | - Gülsen Tel‐Çayan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies Muğla Vocational School Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Muğla Turkey
| | - Ebru Deveci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology Technical Sciences Vocational School Konya Technical University Konya Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Duru
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Muğla Turkey
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