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Crawford SE, Brinkmann M, Ouellet JD, Lehmkuhl F, Reicherter K, Schwarzbauer J, Bellanova P, Letmathe P, Blank LM, Weber R, Brack W, van Dongen JT, Menzel L, Hecker M, Schüttrumpf H, Hollert H. Remobilization of pollutants during extreme flood events poses severe risks to human and environmental health. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126691. [PMID: 34315022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
While it is well recognized that the frequency and intensity of flood events are increasing worldwide, the environmental, economic, and societal consequences of remobilization and distribution of pollutants during flood events are not widely recognized. Loss of life, damage to infrastructure, and monetary cleanup costs associated with floods are important direct effects. However, there is a lack of attention towards the indirect effects of pollutants that are remobilized and redistributed during such catastrophic flood events, particularly considering the known toxic effects of substances present in flood-prone areas. The global examination of floods caused by a range of extreme events (e.g., heavy rainfall, tsunamis, extra- and tropical storms) and subsequent distribution of sediment-bound pollutants are needed to improve interdisciplinary investigations. Such examinations will aid in the remediation and management action plans necessary to tackle issues of environmental pollution from flooding. River basin-wide and coastal lowland action plans need to balance the opposing goals of flood retention, catchment conservation, and economical use of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Crawford
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jacob D Ouellet
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Lehmkuhl
- Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Reicherter
- Institute of Neotectonics and Natural Hazards, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Schwarzbauer
- Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Piero Bellanova
- Institute of Neotectonics and Natural Hazards, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Letmathe
- Chair of Management Accounting, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Chair of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Roland Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joost T van Dongen
- Institute of Biology I, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Lucas Menzel
- Department of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Holger Schüttrumpf
- Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Pongpiachan S, Surapipith V, Hashmi MZ, Aukkaravittayapun S, Poshyachinda S. An application of aromatic compounds as alternative tracers of tsunami backwash deposits. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06883. [PMID: 33997408 PMCID: PMC8099755 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript provides some comprehensive technical insights regarding the application of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) characterized by using Gas-Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Although numerous chemical species such as water soluble ionic species (e.g. Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+) and acid leachable heavy metal fractions (e.g. Fe, Cd, Al, Mo, Sb, As, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Mn) can be used to characterize tsunami deposits, the knowledge of PAH congeners as alternative chemical species for identifying tsunami backwash deposits is strictly limited. This manuscript is exclusive because it aims to find some alternative chemical proxies in order to distinguish tsunami backwash deposits from typical marine sediments. A wide range of diagnostic binary ratios of PAH congeners have been selected in order to characterize Typical Marine Sediments (TMS), Tsunami backwash deposits (TBD), Onshore Tsunami Deposits (OTD) and Coastal Zone Soils (CZS). The state of the art and future perspectives coupled with both advantages and disadvantages of above mentioned chemical tracers will be critically reviewed and further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwatt Pongpiachan
- NIDA Center for Research & Development of Disaster Prevention & Management, School of Social and Environmental Development, National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), 118 Moo-3, Sereethai Road, Klong-Chan, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240 Thailand
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an, 710075, China
- National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization) (NARIT), 260 Moo 4, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai, 50180, Thailand
| | - Vanisa Surapipith
- National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization) (NARIT), 260 Moo 4, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai, 50180, Thailand
| | | | - Suparerk Aukkaravittayapun
- National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization) (NARIT), 260 Moo 4, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai, 50180, Thailand
| | - Saran Poshyachinda
- National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization) (NARIT), 260 Moo 4, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai, 50180, Thailand
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Yamaguchi T, Sato T, Katoh M. Post-depositional changes in elemental leaching from recovered soils separated from disaster waste and tsunami deposits generated by the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 233:89-96. [PMID: 30572267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent tsunami in 2011 generated massive amounts of disaster waste and tsunami deposits, one-third of which comprised soil and sediment, which are expected to be re-used; however, there has been no previous experience or knowledge of recovered soil. In this study, up-flow column leaching tests were conducted to investigate the elemental leaching behavior in this soil and sediment following its separation and treatment (hereafter termed "recovered soil") to assess whether it can be safely re-used without posing any environmental risk. The pH of the leaching water was slightly alkaline throughout the test period, regardless of the source of the recovered soil. Concentrations of calcium and sulfate ions in the leaching water varied in a similar way to the electrical conductivity (EC), with a stable state being observed initially followed by a rapid decrease until typical concentrations were reached, whereas sodium and chloride ions derived from seawater made a relatively small contribution to the EC. In terms of toxic elements, zinc and copper concentrations decreased as the volume of leaching water increased, whereas lead, fluoride, and arsenic concentrations increased as the concentration of calcium and sulfate ions decreased, indicating that the dissolution of large quantities of compounds such as calcium sulfate controlled the toxic element behavior in the recovered soils. Consequently, there is a need for continuous and careful monitoring of areas where recovered soil is re-used or treatment of the recovered soil prior to its re-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamaguchi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masahiko Katoh
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
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Kozak L, Niedzielski P. The long term tsunami impact: Evolution of iron speciation and major elements concentration in tsunami deposits from Thailand. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:37-43. [PMID: 28419899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The article describes the unique studies of the chemical composition changes of new geological object (tsunami deposits in south Thailand - Andaman Sea Coast) during four years (2005-2008) from the beginning of formation of it (deposition of tsunami transported material, 26 December 2004). The chemical composition of the acid leachable fraction of the tsunami deposits has been studied in the scope of concentration macrocompounds - concentration of calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese and iron speciation - the occurrence of Fe(II), Fe(III) and non-ionic iron species described as complexed iron (Fe complex). The changes of chemical composition and iron speciation in the acid leachable fraction of tsunami deposits have been observed with not clear tendencies of changes direction. For iron speciation changes the transformation of the Fe complex to Fe(III) has been recorded with no significant changes of the level of Fe(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Kozak
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 89B Umultowska Street, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Niedzielski
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 89B Umultowska Street, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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Kurzyca I, Niedzielski P, Frankowski M. Simultaneous speciation analysis of inorganic nitrogen with the use of ion chromatography in highly salinated environmental samples. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3482-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kurzyca
- Department of Water and Soil AnalysisAdam Mickiewicz University Poznan Poland
| | | | - Marcin Frankowski
- Department of Water and Soil AnalysisAdam Mickiewicz University Poznan Poland
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Bigus K, Astel A, Niedzielski P. Seasonal distribution of metals in vertical and horizontal profiles of sheltered and exposed beaches on Polish coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 106:347-359. [PMID: 26975611 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of alkali and heavy metals in coastal sediments of three Polish beaches was assessed. In all locations there are sandy beaches of different characteristics according to the anthropogenic impact and degree of sheltering. Core sediments collected in Czołpino and Ustka were characterized by the highest concentration of Cd, Ag, Ba, and Al, Cu, Cr, Bi, Na, respectively. Among the alkaline metals core sediments were the most abundant with Ca, Bi, Mg and Na, presenting almost stable decreasing order in all beaches. The majority of dredge material collected can be classified as light or trace contaminated by Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg. An abundance of mineralogical components in core sediments in Ustka increases in Summer and Autumn, while in Puck is stable throughout the year. The content of studied metals in core sediments collected in three Polish beaches changes both in the vertical and horizontal profiles of the beach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bigus
- Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Arciszewskiego 22B, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
| | - Aleksander Astel
- Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Arciszewskiego 22B, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Niedzielski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Hiraoka S, Machiyama A, Ijichi M, Inoue K, Oshima K, Hattori M, Yoshizawa S, Kogure K, Iwasaki W. Genomic and metagenomic analysis of microbes in a soil environment affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake tsunami. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:53. [PMID: 26764021 PMCID: PMC4712596 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 triggered large tsunami waves, which flooded broad areas of land along the Pacific coast of eastern Japan and changed the soil environment drastically. However, the microbial characteristics of tsunami-affected soil at the genomic level remain largely unknown. In this study, we isolated microbes from a soil sample using general low-nutrient and seawater-based media to investigate microbial characteristics in tsunami-affected soil. RESULTS As expected, a greater proportion of strains isolated from the tsunami-affected soil than the unaffected soil grew in the seawater-based medium. Cultivable strains in both the general low-nutrient and seawater-based media were distributed in the genus Arthrobacter. Most importantly, whole-genome sequencing of four of the isolated Arthrobacter strains revealed independent losses of siderophore-synthesis genes from their genomes. Siderophores are low-molecular-weight, iron-chelating compounds that are secreted for iron uptake; thus, the loss of siderophore-synthesis genes indicates that these strains have adapted to environments with high-iron concentrations. Indeed, chemical analysis confirmed the investigated soil samples to be rich in iron, and culture experiments confirmed weak cultivability of some of these strains in iron-limited media. Furthermore, metagenomic analyses demonstrated over-representation of denitrification-related genes in the tsunami-affected soil sample, as well as the presence of pathogenic and marine-living genera and genes related to salt-tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the present results would provide an example of microbial characteristics of soil disturbed by the tsunami, which may give an insight into microbial adaptation to drastic environmental changes. Further analyses on microbial ecology after a tsunami are envisioned to develop a deeper understanding of the recovery processes of terrestrial microbial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hiraoka
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8568, Japan.
| | - Asako Machiyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Minoru Ijichi
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Inoue
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan.
| | - Kenshiro Oshima
- Center for Omics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
| | - Masahira Hattori
- Center for Omics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
| | - Susumu Yoshizawa
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Kogure
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan.
| | - Wataru Iwasaki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8568, Japan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan.
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Kozak L, Kokociński M, Niedzielski P, Lorenc S. Bioaccumulation of metals and metalloids in medicinal plant Ipomoea pes-caprae from areas impacted by tsunami. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:252-257. [PMID: 25363516 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tsunami events may have an enormous impact on the functioning of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems by altering various relationships with biotic components. Concentrations of acid-leachable fractions of heavy metals and metalloids in soils and plant samples from areas affected by the December 2004 tsunami in Thailand were determined. Ipomoea pes-caprae, a common plant species growing along the seashore of this region, and frequently used in folk medicine, was selected to assess the presence of selected elements. Elevated amounts of Cd, Pb, Zn, and As in soil samples, and Pb, Zn, As, Se, Cr, and Ni in plant samples were determined from the tsunami-impacted regions for comparison with reference locations. The flowers of Ipomoea pes-caprae contained the highest amounts of these metals, followed by its leaves, and stems. In addition, its bioaccumulation factor (BAF) supports this capability of high metal uptake by Ipomoea pes-caprae from the areas affected by the tsunami in comparison with a reference site. This uptake was followed by the translocation of these elements to the various plant components. The presence of these toxic metals in Ipomoea pes-caprae growing in contaminated soils should be a concern of those who use this plant for medicinal purposes. Further studies on the content of heavy metals and metalloids in this plant in relation to human health concerns are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Kozak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Kuwatani T, Nagata K, Okada M, Watanabe T, Ogawa Y, Komai T, Tsuchiya N. Machine-learning techniques for geochemical discrimination of 2011 Tohoku tsunami deposits. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7077. [PMID: 25399750 PMCID: PMC4233330 DOI: 10.1038/srep07077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Geochemical discrimination has recently been recognised as a potentially useful proxy for identifying tsunami deposits in addition to classical proxies such as sedimentological and micropalaeontological evidence. However, difficulties remain because it is unclear which elements best discriminate between tsunami and non-tsunami deposits. Herein, we propose a mathematical methodology for the geochemical discrimination of tsunami deposits using machine-learning techniques. The proposed method can determine the appropriate combinations of elements and the precise discrimination plane that best discerns tsunami deposits from non-tsunami deposits in high-dimensional compositional space through the use of data sets of bulk composition that have been categorised as tsunami or non-tsunami sediments. We applied this method to the 2011 Tohoku tsunami and to background marine sedimentary rocks. After an exhaustive search of all 262,144 (= 2(18)) combinations of the 18 analysed elements, we observed several tens of combinations with discrimination rates higher than 99.0%. The analytical results show that elements such as Ca and several heavy-metal elements are important for discriminating tsunami deposits from marine sedimentary rocks. These elements are considered to reflect the formation mechanism and origin of the tsunami deposits. The proposed methodology has the potential to aid in the identification of past tsunamis by using other tsunami proxies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsu Kuwatani
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kenji Nagata
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
- Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takahiro Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ogawa
- Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan
| | - Takeshi Komai
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Kozak L, Niedzielski P. The evolution of December 2004 tsunami deposits: temporal and spatial distribution of potentially toxic metalloids. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1856-1865. [PMID: 23850241 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The article presents the results of research into the content of metalloid fractions in the tsunami deposits from southern Thailand. The following fractions, which are potentially most easily released from deposits to the environment, have been distinguished: the water soluble fraction, the exchangeable fraction extracted with the phosphate buffer and the fraction eluted with the solution of hydrochloric acid. The analytical technique atomic absorption spectrometry with hydride generation was applied. Spatial variability of the metalloid fractions in deposits and changes occurring in deposits over a period of several years of observation were determined. Based on the statistical analysis of the results, an attempt was made to determine the post-depositional release of deposits components to the environment. Based on the conducted research, the 4 years forming process of the arsenic, antimony and selenium occurrence after the deposition of sediments on land were described, as well as the balance in the amount of deposit components released to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Kozak
- Department of Water and Soil Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Contribution to the Inventory of Infrastructure Susceptible to Earthquake and Flooding Hazards in North-Eastern Greece. GEOSCIENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences2040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Lukaszewski Z, Karbowska B, Zembrzuski W, Siepak M. Thallium in fractions of sediments formed during the 2004 tsunami in Thailand. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 80:184-9. [PMID: 22425211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Thallium is a highly toxic element. Its concentration in sediment fractions from the 2004 tsunami in Thailand was investigated. A modified BCR procedure was used for sequential extraction. Tl was determined by flow injection differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. It was found that the majority of thallium in the investigated tsunami sediments (86-97 percent) is entrapped in the alumosilicate parent matter i.e. it is entirely immovable. Only the total destruction of this residual fraction with hydrofluoric acid made this thallium available. The conclusion strongly supports the hypothesis that thallium is mainly entrapped in alumosilicate parent matter. Total thallium concentration in the investigated tsunami sediments was divergent in various samples from 0.37 to 1.13 μg g(-1) and significantly different from the reference area (0.05 μg g(-1)). Tsunami sediment fractions from different sampling points are divergent in terms of total thallium concentration and concentration of mobile thallium. Generally, mobile thallium concentration was growing in sequence: water soluble fraction<exchangeable fraction<reducible fraction<oxidizable fraction. However, in two samples, thallium concentration in the reducible fraction was higher than in the oxidizable fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenon Lukaszewski
- Poznan University of Technology, pl. Sklodowskiej-Curie 5,60-965 Poznan, Poland.
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KENNEDY JOHN, BARRY BERNARD, MARKWITZ ANDREAS, SRISUKSAWAD KANITHA, LIMSAKUL ATSAMON. PIXE ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS AFFECTED BY THE DECEMBER 2004 INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129083508001570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this project is to apply particle induced X-ray emission analysis for the assessment of elemental variations in sediment samples collected after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami event in Thailand. Samples were collected in June 2007 at two near-shore locations (C-1 and C-2) along the east coast of Phuket Island. The C-1 and C-2 sites received moderate and low impacts from the tsunami, respectively. For each location, sediment cores of 0.75m were collected. Sediment samples extracted from the cores were dried to constant weight at 60°C. All samples were prepared as a fine homogeneous powder by grinding and passing through a 125 µm sieve. Pellets were pressed from these samples. It was found by comparison with a suite of standard soils and sediments that the Si, Al and K contents of these moderate and low-impact Tsunami effected sediment samples are low by a factor of about two. Chlorine was detected at up to about 20000 ppm in both series with suggestions of a decrease at greater depth in the cores. Iron was detected in all samples, and was found at higher concentration in the samples from the C-1 site with a trend to higher concentration at greater depth. By contrast the two shallow C-2 samples showed a higher concentration than the deeper samples. Titanium was detected at the 1000–2000 ppm level in both series with no discernable depth trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- JOHN KENNEDY
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, P O Box 31312, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - BERNARD BARRY
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, P O Box 31312, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - ANDREAS MARKWITZ
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, P O Box 31312, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - KANITHA SRISUKSAWAD
- Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology, Lard Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - ATSAMON LIMSAKUL
- Environmental Research and Training Center, Technolpolis, Klong 5, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Richmond BM, Buckley M, Etienne S, Chagué-Goff C, Clark K, Goff J, Dominey-Howes D, Strotz L. Deposits, flow characteristics, and landscape change resulting from the September 2009 South Pacific tsunami in the Samoan islands. EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS 2011; 107:38-51. [PMID: 27065478 PMCID: PMC4802516 DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The September 29th 2009 tsunami caused widespread coastal modification within the islands of Samoa and northern Tonga in the South Pacific. Preliminary measurements indicate maximum runup values of around 17 m (Okal et al., 2010) and shore-normal inundation distances of up to ~ 620 m (Jaffe et al., 2010). Geological field reconnaissance studies were conducted as part of an UNESCO-IOC International Tsunami Survey Team survey within three weeks of the event in order to document the erosion, transport, and deposition of sediment by the tsunami. Data collected included: a) general morphology and geological characteristics of the coast, b) evidence of tsunami flow (inundation, flow depth and direction, wave height and runup), c) surficial and subsurface sediment samples including deposit thickness and extent, d) topographic mapping, and e) boulder size and location measurements. Four main types of sedimentary deposits were identified: a) gravel fields consisting mostly of isolated cobbles and boulders, b) sand sheets from a few to ~ 25 cm thick, c) piles of organic (mostly vegetation) and man-made material forming debris ramparts, and d) surface mud deposits that settled from suspension from standing water in the tsunami aftermath. Tsunami deposits within the reef system were not widespread, however, surficial changes to the reefs were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce M. Richmond
- U.S. Geological Survey, 400 Natural Bridges Drive, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Mark Buckley
- U.S. Geological Survey, 400 Natural Bridges Drive, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Etienne
- Université De La Polynésie Française, BP 6570, 98702 Faa'a, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Catherine Chagué-Goff
- Australian Tsunami Research Centre, School of BEES, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Kirrawee DC, Australia
| | - Kate Clark
- GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - James Goff
- Australian Tsunami Research Centre, School of BEES, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dale Dominey-Howes
- Australian Tsunami Research Centre, School of BEES, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luke Strotz
- Australian Tsunami Research Centre, School of BEES, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Frankowski M, Siepak M, Zioła A, Novotný K, Vaculovic T, Siepak J. Vertical distribution of heavy metals in grain size fractions in sedimentary rocks: Mosina-Krajkowo water well field, Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2009; 155:493-507. [PMID: 18695992 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of heavy metals determination in samples of sedimentary rocks from the Mosina-Krajkowo water well field (Poland). The concentration of heavy metals was analysed by type of rock (sand, gravel, warp, silt, till, and clay). Variation of heavy metal concentrations with depth was studied taking into account the age series of the rocks (fluvial sediments of the modern Warta River valley, sediments of the Baltic Glaciation, tills of the Middle-Polish Glaciation, sediments of the Masovian Interglacial (Holstein), tills of the Poznań series) and granulometric fractions. The grain sizes considered included: >2.0, 2.0-1.0, 1.0-0.5, 0.5-0.25, 0.25-0.1, 0.1-0.063, and <0.063 mm. The concentrations of the heavy metals studied were found to change with the type of rock, age series, and granulometric fraction. The levels of the metals were determined by the technique of atomic absorption spectrometry with flame atomisation (F-AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Frankowski
- Department of Water and Soil Analysis, Adam Mickiewicz University, Drzymały 24, 60-613 Poznań, Poland
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Kume T, Umetsu C, Palanisami K. Impact of the December 2004 tsunami on soil, groundwater and vegetation in the Nagapattinam District, India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2009; 90:3147-3154. [PMID: 19540650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The tsunami of 26 December 2004 struck the Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, India. Sea water inundation from the tsunami caused salinization problems for soil and groundwater in coastal areas of the district, and also induced salt injuries in crops. To document the recovery of the agricultural environment from the tsunami, we conducted observations of the soil, groundwater, and vegetation. Soil electrical conductivity increased sharply after the tsunami, but returned to pre-tsunami levels the following year. Groundwater salinity returned to pre-tsunami levels by 2006. These rapid rates of recovery were due to the monsoon rainfall leaching salt from the highly permeable soils in the area. MODIS NDVI values measured before and after the tsunami showed that vegetation damaged by the tsunami recovered to its pre-tsunami state by the next rice cropping season, called samba, which starts from August to February. From these results, we conclude that the agricultural environment of the district has now fully recovered from the tsunami. Based on the results, we have also identified important management implications for soil, groundwater, and vegetation as follows: 1) due to the heavy monsoon rainfall and the high permeability of soils in this region, anthropogenic inputs like fertilizers should be applied carefully to minimize pollution, and the use of green manure is recommended; 2) areas that were contaminated by sea water extended up to 1000 m from the sea shore and over pumping of groundwater should be carefully avoided to prevent inducing sea water intrusion; and 3) data from a moderate resolution sensor of 250 m, such as MODIS, can be applied to impact assessment in widespread paddy field areas like the Nagapattinam District.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kume
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8047, Japan.
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Astel A, Boszke L, Niedzielski P, Kozak L. Application of the self-organizing mapping in exploration of the environmental impact of a tsunami disaster. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2008; 43:1016-1026. [PMID: 18569315 DOI: 10.1080/10934520802059870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm was applied to evaluate the geochemical and environmental impact of 26th December 2004 tsunami, based on interelemental and intersite relations of sediment chemistry. The study was carried out based on data sets, including contents of salts (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl and SO(4)) leached with deionized water, heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in acid leachable fraction, metalloids (As, Sb and Se) in exchangeable fraction, as well as both total Hg and mercury in the form of various species (organomercury, water-soluble, acid-soluble, bound to humic matter and bound to sulfides) in sediment samples. SOM-supported exploration were performed for two separate data sets. The first run was applied for analytical results concerning sediments taken less than 50 days after tsunami event while the second one concerned results obtained for samples collected in the same location one year later, after rainy season. In the case of the "2005-run", based on mutual linkage, complete set of variables could be conditionally divided into general groups showing of their patterns related to their major source as "salt" and "wastewater." Classification results revealed natural clusters of sediment samples in relation to their location and to the magnitude of the impact of tsunami wave. Numerous clusters reflect general chemical composition of tsunami sediments while clusters containing isolated sampling locations reflect "site-specific" conditions, partially related to anthropogenic impact. The cleaning effect of the rainy season in Thailand was observed, based on "2006-run" exploration results. The chemical composition of tsunami sediments was unified for 93% of samples. General patterns related to major source of analytes were analogous compared to the "2005-run." These studies demonstrate that SOM has the potential to successfully assist the assessment of the environmental impacts of a tsunami disaster and the role of a tsunami sediments as potential carriers of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Astel
- Biology and Environmental Protection Institute, Environmental Chemistry Research Unit, Pomeranian Academy, Słupsk, Poland.
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